Isayensi

Isihloko Mayelana Nemithetho Yezibalo Ezibalulekile

Izibalo ezibalulekile yizinombolo ezitholakala ngokulinganisa okuqukethe izibalo ezibalulekile eziqondile (ezifundwa ethuluzini lokulinganisa) kanye nesibalo sokugcina esilinganiselwe.

Ake sithi silinganisa ubude bento sisebenzisa irula (Umkhawulo wokunemba werula ungu-1 mm noma u-0,1 cm) bese sibika umphumela ngezibalo ezibalulekile ezintathu, isibonelo u-4,55 cm. Uma ubude bento bulinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-vernier caliper (Umkhawulo wokunemba we-vernier caliper ungu-0,1 mm noma u-0,01 cm) futhi umphumela ubikwe ngezibalo ezibalulekile ezine, isibonelo u-4,485 cm futhi uma ulinganiswa nge-micrometer screw gauge (Umkhawulo wokunemba we-micrometer screw gauge ungu-0,01 mm noma u-0,001 cm) futhi umphumela ubikwe ngezibalo ezibalulekile ezi-5, isibonelo u-3,4845 cm. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi inani lezibalo ezibalulekile ezibikwe njengomphumela wokulinganisa libonisa ukunemba kwesilinganiso. Uma izibalo ezibalulekile zingabikwa, kulapho ukulinganisa kunemba khona. Vele, ukukala ubude bento nge-micrometer screw gauge kunemba kakhulu kune-vernier caliper kanye nerula.

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Izinto Zomthetho KaKepler

Uyakhumbula ukuthi okokuqala ugibele imoto (hhayi ngesikhathi useyingane)? Ngesikhathi usemotweni ehambayo, wawubona sengathi imithi noma izakhiwo ziyahamba. Ngaleso sikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi wawucabanga ukuthi imithi noma izakhiwo ziyahamba, kuyilapho wena nemoto nisamile. Eqinisweni, wena nemoto benihamba, kuyilapho imithi noma izakhiwo zimile. Empeleni sibona lokhu kunyakaza okubonakalayo noma ukunyakaza okungamanga nsuku zonke. Njalo ekuseni ilanga “liphuma” emkhathizwe osempumalanga, bese lihamba entshonalanga bese “lishona” emkhathizwe osentshonalanga ntambama. Ngokufanayo, ebusuku, uvame ukubona inyanga isuka empumalanga iye entshonalanga. Wake wacabanga noma wasola ukuthi ilanga nenyanga zihamba zizungeze umhlaba, kuyilapho umhlaba usamile?

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Wake wayibona indiza ihamba endaweni yokugijima? Uma kungenjalo, zinike isikhathi sokuya esikhumulweni sezindiza edolobheni lakini. Qaphela ukunyakaza kwendiza lapho isizosuka noma isizofika. Lapho isizosuka, indiza iqala ukuhamba iqonde isuka esimweni sokuma bese ukunyakaza kwayo kushesha kuze kube yilapho indiza ekugcineni indiza. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ifika, ukunyakaza kwendiza, okwakushesha kakhulu ekuqaleni, kuyehla kancane kancane. Ukunyakaza kwendiza endaweni yokugijima kuyisibonelo sokunyakaza okuqondile okushesha ngokulinganayo ohlangothini oluvundlile. Wake wayibona isithelo esiwile esiqwini saso sawela phansi? Ukunyakaza kwesithelo noma into ewela phansi isuka ekuphakameni okuthile kuyisibonelo sokunyakaza okuqondile okusheshisiwe ngokulinganayo ohlangothini oluqondile futhi lokhu kuxoxwa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe ekwindla yamahhala . Unganikeza izibonelo zokunyakaza okuqondile okusheshisiwe okufanayo empilweni yansuku zonke?

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Wake wagibela noma wagibela isithuthuthu noma imoto? Ngethemba ukuthi akunjalo 🙂 hehe… uhlala ehlathini 😀 Uma isithuthuthu noma imoto eshayelwayo ihamba ngendlela eqondile futhi ijubane layo lingaguquki, isibonelo amakhilomitha angu-60 ngehora khona-ke isithuthuthu noma imoto ihamba ngendlela eqondile ngesivinini esingaguquki (i-GLB). Imikhumbi ehamba ngesikebhe noma izindiza nazo ngezinye izikhathi zenza i-GLB. Kulula ukubona izinto zihamba ngendlela eqondile empilweni yansuku zonke kodwa kunzima ukubona izinto zenza i-GLB. Ungasho isibonelo se-GLB oye wayibona noma wayicabanga?

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Ukwengezwa kwevektha kungenziwa ngemidwebo (kusetshenziswa izithombe) nangokuhlaziya (kusetshenziswa izibalo).

Ukwengezwa kwevektha yezithombe

Ukwengezwa kwevektha yezithombe kungukwengezwa kwevektha okwenziwa ngokudweba amavektha azongezwa kanye nevektha ephumelayo, bese ubukhulu bevektha ephumelayo butholakala ngokulinganisa kusetshenziswa irula.

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Impilo yethu namuhla isibe lula futhi ikhululekile ngokuba khona kwezimoto ezinamasondo, imishini yesimanje efana namajeneretha, imishini yokugaya, amafeni, imishini yokugunda utshani, imishini yokufafaza izimbali njalo njalo. Izimoto ezinamasondo ezifana namabhayisikili, izithuthuthu, izimoto nezindiza azikwazi ukuhamba uma zingenawo amasondo noma uma amasondo engajikelezi. Izindiza ezinophephela emhlane noma izindiza nazo azikwazi ukundiza uma ama-propeller azo engajikelezi. Imikhumbi ayikwazi ukuhamba uma amajeneretha noma ama-propeller azo engajikelezi. Ebusuku, indlu iba mnyama kakhulu futhi akukho ukuzijabulisa uma ijeneretha noma isitshalo sikagesi singasebenzi. Izinto eziningi zenza ukunyakaza okujikelezayo nsuku zonke. Ngisho noma singaqapheli, umhlaba esiphila kuwo, inyanga esikhanyisa ebusuku, amasathelayithi okwenziwa njengamasathelayithi okuxhumana adlulisela amaza kagesi kumabonakude, umsakazo, omakhalekhukhwini, kanye nokusakazwa kwe-inthanethi, ayajikeleza futhi ahlala ejikeleza, okubizwa nangokuthi ahamba ngendilinga ngaso sonke isikhathi.

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Izinto Zokunyakaza Okuqondile

Ukunyakaza kuyinto esiyiqaphelayo njalo empilweni yansuku zonke. Igatsha le-physics elifunda ukunyakaza libizwa ngokuthi ama-mechanics. Igatsha lama-mechanics elixoxa ngendlela into ehamba ngayo, ngaphandle kokucabangela imbangela yokunyakaza, libizwa ngokuthi i-kinematics . Ngokuphambene nalokho, igatsha lama-mechanics elixoxa ngezimbangela zokunyakaza futhi lichaze ukuthi kungani izinto zihamba njengoba zenza libizwa ngokuthi ama-dynamics. Kulesi sihloko, yonke into ehambayo ibhekwa njengokungathi iyinhlayiya noma iphuzu (.). Izinto ezihambayo zibhekwa njengamaphuzu ukuze kube lula ukuhlaziya kwethu. Cabanga uma iphuzu lihamba emgqeni oqondile, khona-ke umkhondo walo uzokwakha umugqa oqondile.

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Izinto Zokunyakaza Kwamahhala Zokuwa

Ezikhathini zasendulo, ukunyakaza kwezinto eziwela phansi kwakuyisihloko esithakazelisayo kakhulu kwifilosofi yemvelo. Isazi sefilosofi u-Aristotle wake wathi izinto ezinobunzima obukhulu ziwela ngokushesha kunezinto ezilula. Umbono ka-Aristotle wathonya imibono yabantu abaphila ngaphambi kukaGalileo, ababekholelwa ukuthi izinto ezinobunzima obukhulu ziwela ngokushesha kunezinto ezilula nokuthi ijubane lokuwa kwento lihambisana nobunzima bayo. Mhlawumbe ngaphambi kokufunda lesi sihloko, nawe wacabanga into efanayo.

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Ukunyakaza kwe-parabolic noma ukunyakaza kwe-projectile uhlobo lokunyakaza lapho into inikezwa khona ijubane lokuqala bese ukunyakaza kwayo kuthonywa ngokuphelele amandla adonsela phansi. Ukunyakaza kwe-projectile kuwukunyakaza okunezinhlangothi ezimbili, inhlanganisela yokunyakaza okuvundlile nokuqondile, ngokungafani nokunyakaza okuqondile noma ukuwa okukhululekile, okuwukunyakaza okunezinhlangothi eyodwa.

UGalileo wachaza ukuthi ukunyakaza kwe-parabolic kungaqondwa ngokucabangela izingxenye eziqondile nezivundlile zokunyakaza ngokwehlukana. Ukusheshisa kwamandla adonsela phansi kusebenza kuphela ohlangothini oluqondile, hhayi ohlangothini oluvundlile. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye evundlile yokunyakaza kwe-projectile ibhekwa njengokunyakaza okuqondile okufanayo , kanti ingxenye evundlile yokunyakaza kwe-parabolic ibhekwa njengokuwa okukhululekile.

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Umthetho kaNewton Wezinto Ezidonsela Phansi

Kungani isithelo siwela noma sihamba siye ebusweni boMhlaba ngemva kokususwa esiqwini saso? Imithetho kaNewton ithi uma isithelo sihamba, kumele kube namandla asebenzayo kuso. Amandla abangela ukuba into iwele ngokukhululeka ebusweni boMhlaba abizwa ngokuthi amandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba.

Inkinga yezinto eziwayo ezihilela amandla adonsela phansi, oyifundayo manje, yaqala ukucatshangelwa futhi yafundwa ngusosayensi waseBrithani ongasekho u-Isaac Newton. Ukukhathazeka kukaNewton kuvela eGrisi lasendulo. Kunezinkinga ezimbili eziyisisekelo amaGreki ayezihlola kudala ngaphambi kokuba uNewton azalwe.

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