Ukubambisana kwe-Indonesia endaweni yokuhweba yamahhala ye-ASEAN (AFTA)
I-Pendahuluan
I-ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) iyisinyathelo esingokomlando esasungulwa amazwe angamalungu e-ASEAN ukudala indawo yokuhweba yamahhala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1992, i-AFTA ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwesifunda ngokususa izithiyo zentela kanye nezingezona ezentela, ukwandisa ukuhweba ngaphakathi kwe-ASEAN, kanye nokuheha utshalomali lwangaphandle. Njengenye yamalungu asungula i-ASEAN, i-Indonesia idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqalisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-AFTA. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngokubambisana kwe-Indonesia ku-AFTA, okuhlanganisa iminikelo yayo, izinzuzo, izinselele, kanye namathemba esikhathi esizayo.
Umnikelo we-Indonesia ku-AFTA
Njengomnotho omkhulu kunayo yonke e-ASEAN, i-Indonesia idlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuhlanganiswa komnotho wesifunda. Ukuzibophezela kwe-Indonesia ku-AFTA kubonakala ezinyathelweni eziningana zenqubomgomo yasekhaya neyesifunda. Isibonelo esisodwa ukulungiswa kwentela ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT), lapho i-Indonesia inciphise khona kakhulu intela emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene. Le nqubomgomo ibe nomthelela omuhle ekwandiseni umthamo wokuhweba ngaphakathi kwe-ASEAN.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Indonesia ihileleke kakhulu ekuvumelaneni kwezindinganiso kanye nemithethonqubo yobuchwepheshe ukuze kuncishiswe izithiyo ezingezona ezentela. Ngokubamba iqhaza emihlanganweni yobuchwepheshe kanye namakomidi ngaphakathi kwe-ASEAN, i-Indonesia ilwela ukuvumelanisa imithethonqubo nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke nezesifunda, isheshise izinqubo zokususwa kwentela, futhi ithuthukise ukuhwebelana.
Izinzuzo Ezitholiwe
Ukubamba iqhaza kwe-Indonesia ku-AFTA kunikeze izinzuzo ezinkulu kwezomnotho. Ukufinyelela emakethe okuthuthukisiwe esifundeni sase-ASEAN kuvulele amathuba okuthumela imikhiqizo yase-Indonesia kwamanye amazwe. Izimpahla ezifana namafutha esundu, izindwangu, izinto zikagesi, kanye nemikhiqizo yezolimo ziye zanda isidingo esivela kwamanye amazwe ase-ASEAN. Lokhu kuhweba okwandisiwe kuye kwaba negalelo ekudalweni kwemisebenzi kanye nokwanda komkhiqizo wasekhaya (GDP).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-AFTA isekela ukuhlukahluka komnotho wase-Indonesia. Njengoba kutshalwa imali kwamanye amazwe amaningi, imikhakha eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqiza, ezokuvakasha, kanye nezinsizakalo zezezimali, iye yachuma. Abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe bakhangwa ukuzinza kwezepolitiki kanye nomnotho wase-Indonesia kanye nokufinyelela okulula ezimakethe zesifunda.
Izinselele Okubhekana Nazo
Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-AFTA, i-Indonesia nayo ibhekene nezinselelo ezahlukahlukene. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu igebe lokuncintisana phakathi kwezimboni zasekhaya kanye nezamanye amazwe angamalungu. Imikhakha eminingana e-Indonesia isabhekene nezinkinga zokukhiqiza okuphansi, ubuchwepheshe obuphelelwe yisikhathi, kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezinganele, okwenza kube nzima ukuncintisana nemikhiqizo evela emazweni angomakhelwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga zokuhweba ezingezona ezentela zisalokhu ziyisithiyo. Nakuba intela yehlisiwe, imithethonqubo eyahlukahlukene kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe ngezinye izikhathi kudala izithiyo ezintsha. Lezi zithiyo zifaka amazinga ahlukahlukene omkhiqizo, izidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zemibhalo, kanye nokuhlolwa okuhamba kancane.
Enye inselele ukuthembela okungenzeka kwe-Indonesia ezimakethe zesifunda. Naphezu kokwanda kokuhweba ngaphakathi kwe-ASEAN, ukuhlukahluka kwemakethe kusabalulekile ekunciphiseni izingozi zangaphandle, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokungaqiniseki komnotho womhlaba wonke noma wesifunda.
Imizamo Yokunqoba Izinselele
Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinselele, i-Indonesia igxile emasu amaningana. Ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemboni kazwelonke kuyinto eza kuqala. Uhulumeni usiza ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono abasebenzi ngezinhlelo ezahlukene zemfundo nokuqeqesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlinzekwa izikhuthazo zocwaningo kanye nentuthuko emikhakheni yamasu okukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha.
Ukuze kuxazululwe izithiyo ezingezona ezentela, i-Indonesia ibambisana namanye amazwe angamalungu e-ASEAN ukusheshisa ukuvumelanisa amazinga nezinqubo zokuhweba. Izinhlelo ezifana ne-ASEAN Single Window ziyaqaliswa ukuze kulungiswe izinqubo zamasiko kanye nezokuthutha eziwela imingcele. I-Indonesia iphinde ikhuthaze ukubambisana kwe-ASEAN ezindabeni ezifana nokuvikelwa kwabathengi kanye nokuphepha komkhiqizo.
Amathemba Esikhathi Esizayo
Uma sibheka phambili, i-AFTA iveza amathuba abalulekile entuthukweni yezomnotho yase-Indonesia. Kodwa-ke, impumelelo yesikhathi eside incike ekhonweni lokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Esimweni somhlaba wonke esishintshayo, njengokukhula kokuvikela kanye nokushintsha kwezidingo zabathengi, i-Indonesia idinga ukugcina ukuguquguquka kwezomnotho nokuqinisa izisekelo zayo zasekhaya.
Okunye okulindelwe ukujulisa ukuhlanganiswa komnotho ngezinhlelo ezifana ne-ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). I-AEC ihlose ukudala imakethe eyodwa kanye nesisekelo sokukhiqiza, yandise ukugeleza kwezimpahla, izinsizakalo, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nabasebenzi abanamakhono. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka, i-Indonesia ingathuthukisa isikhundla sayo njengesikhungo sokukhiqiza kanye nezinsizakalo esifundeni saseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Esikhathini esizayo, i-Indonesia kumele futhi igxile ekusimeni. Izinkinga zemvelo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezikhathazayo ezinqubweni zokuhweba kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngokuhlanganisa izinqubomgomo ezinobungani nemvelo, i-Indonesia ingazuza emkhubeni womhlaba wonke womnotho oluhlaza futhi idonsele utshalomali lwangaphandle oluqaphela imvelo.
Isiphetho
I-ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) inikeza ipulatifomu eqinile ye-Indonesia yokuthuthukisa ukuma kwayo kwezomnotho esifundeni nasemhlabeni jikelele. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselelo eziningana, ngesu elifanele kanye nokubambisana okuseduze ngaphakathi kwe-ASEAN, i-Indonesia inamandla amakhulu okuzuza kulokhu kuhlanganiswa komnotho wesifunda. I-AFTA ayigcini nje ngokusiza ukukhula komnotho kodwa futhi isebenza njengethuluzi elibalulekile ekuqhubekiseleni izinguquko zasekhaya emnothweni oncintisanayo nozinzile. Ngokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kokuzibophezela kwayo, i-Indonesia ingadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekufezeni umbono we-ASEAN ehlanganisiwe nechumayo.
