Inkampani (Fa): Insika Eyinhloko Ezweni Lebhizinisi
Inkampani, evame ukufushaniswa ngokuthi inkampani, iwuhlobo lwenhlangano yebhizinisi olusetshenziswa kabanzi nanamuhla. Nakuba izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkampani, njengezinkampani ezibophezeleke ngokwezimali (PT) kanye nezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, zivame ukuxoxwa ngazo emibuthanweni yebhizinisi yanamuhla, izinkampani zinezici ezihlukile ezenza zifaneleke. Lesi sihloko sizonikeza incazelo ejulile yencazelo yazo, izici, izinzuzo, ukubi, kanye nendima yazo ezweni lebhizinisi.
Incazelo Yenkampani
Ubambiswano uhlobo lwebhizinisi oluphethwe futhi oluqhutshwa ngabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu abavumayo ukuphatha nokusebenzisa inkampani ngenhloso yokwenza inzuzo. Kubambiswano, ilungu ngalinye noma umlingani udlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwenkampani futhi unesibopho ngokugcwele semisebenzi yebhizinisi, okuhlanganisa zonke izibopho kanye nezikweletu ezitholwa yinkampani.
Ohlelweni lwezomthetho lwase-Indonesia, izinkampani zilawulwa yiKhodi Yezentengiselwano (i-KUHD). Ngokusho kwe-KUHD, izinkampani kumele zibhaliswe neNkantolo Yesifunda yendawo futhi zimenyezelwe kuGazethi Yombuso yeRiphabhulikhi yase-Indonesia ukuze zibe namandla omthetho.
Izici Zenkampani
Izinkampani zinezici eziningana ezizihlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo zezinkampani:
1. Ubambiswano: Inkampani isungulwa ngokusekelwe esivumelwaneni phakathi kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu. Ilungu ngalinye lenkampani linamalungelo nezibopho ezilinganayo ekuphatheni inkampani.
2. Isibopho Esingenamkhawulo: Esinye sezimpawu zokubambisana yisibopho esingenamkhawulo sabalingani bayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umlingani ngamunye unesibopho mathupha, kuze kufike empahleni yakhe, ngezikweletu nezibopho zenkampani.
3. Isivumelwano Sokubambisana: Zonke izinqumo ngaphakathi kwenkampani kumele zisekelwe esivumelwaneni sokubambisana phakathi kwabalingani. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuxhumana kanye nokwethembana ekuphatheni inkampani.
4. Ukwabelana Ngenzuzo: Ukwabelana ngenzuzo enkampanini kwenziwa ngokusekelwe esivumelwaneni sokuqala esishiwo encwadini yesivumelwano sokusungulwa kwenkampani.
Izinzuzo Zenkampani
Njengohlobo lwebhizinisi, izinkampani zinikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezenza zikhange kosomabhizinisi:
1. Ukulula Kokwakheka: Inqubo yokusungula inkampani ilula futhi ishesha kakhulu kunokusungula inkampani enesibopho esilinganiselwe. Lokhu kwenza kube kuhle kakhulu kosomabhizinisi abafuna ukuqala ibhizinisi ngokushesha.
2. Ikhono Lokukhulisa Imali: Njengoba inabalingani abaningana, inkampani ikhanga kakhulu ekukhuliseni imali uma kuqhathaniswa nomnikazi wayo oyedwa.
3. Ukwenza Izinqumo Ezisheshayo: Enkampanini, zonke izinqumo zithathwa ngokusekelwe esivumelwaneni sabalingani, ukuze ikwazi ukusheshisa inqubo yokwenza izinqumo ngaphandle kokudlulela ehhovisi likahulumeni isikhathi eside.
4. Ukuvumelana Nokuguquguquka Kwabaphathi: Abalingani benkampani bangahlela isakhiwo sabo sokuphatha ngendlela efanelana kahle nezidingo zenkampani yabo ngaphandle kokuboshwa yimithetho eqinile yangaphandle.
Amaphutha enkampani
Kodwa-ke, izinkampani nazo zinezinkinga eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe ngaphambi kokukhetha lolu hlobo lwebhizinisi:
1. Isibopho Somuntu Siqu: Isibopho esingenamkhawulo sisho ukuthi umlingani ngamunye kumele alungele ukubhekana nengozi yokulahlekelwa yimpahla yakhe uma inkampani ihlangabezana nezinkinga zezimali.
2. Amathuba Okungqubuzana Kwangaphakathi: Ngenxa yokuthi ukwenza izinqumo kusekelwe esivumelwaneni, uma kukhona ukungezwani kwemibono, kungabangela ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi okungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwenkampani.
3. Ubunzima Bokukhulisa: Izinkampani zifaneleka kakhulu kumabhizinisi amancane kuya kwaphakathi. Ukuze kwandiswe amakhulu, ngokuvamile kudingeka ushintsho esakhiweni senkampani, njengenkampani enesibopho esilinganiselwe.
4. Ukuqhubeka Kwebhizinisi: Uma omunye wabalingani esula emsebenzini noma eshona, inkampani ingahlakazwa ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona esinye isivumelwano esilawula lokhu.
Indima Yamafemu Ezweni Lebhizinisi
Naphezu kobuthakathaka bayo, akunakuphikwa ukuthi izinkampani ziyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni, ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini amancane naphakathi. Imikhakha efana nokubonisana, ukubalwa kwezimali, kanye nomthetho ivame ukuhlelwa njengezinkampani.
Emazweni athuthukile, izinkampani nazo zivumela ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwebhizinisi ngenxa yokuguquguquka ekuphatheni nasekuthatheni izinqumo. Izinkampani eziningi eziphumelelayo zaqala njengobudlelwano obuncane ngaphambi kokuba zikhule zibe izinkampani ezinkulu.
Isiphetho
Inkampani noma ubambiswano luhlala luyindlela ekhangayo kosomabhizinisi abaningi abafuna ukuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nokulawula komuntu siqu. Nakuba kunezingozi, njengesibopho esingenamkhawulo, izinzuzo eziningi ezinikezwa yinkampani zenza kube yisisekelo esiqinile sobambiswano lwebhizinisi.
Uma ukhetha ifomu lebhizinisi, kubalulekile ukuthi wonke usomabhizinisi acabangele izici zomthetho, zezimali nezomuntu siqu ezihilelekile. Kulabo abazimisele ukwabelana ngemithwalo yemfanelo, ukwenza izinqumo ndawonye, nokukhuthazela phakathi nezinselele zebhizinisi, ukubambisana kungaba yindlela eya empumelelweni yebhizinisi esimeme.
