Izibonelo ezi-5 zemibuzo yelensi eqondile
1. Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondile (ilensi ehlanganayo) bungama-15 cm. Into ephakeme ngama-5 cm itholakala ngakwesobunxele selensi. Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe uma into ingama-5 cm ukusuka kulensi eqondile.
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Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ubude be-focal (f) = 15 cm
Ubude be-focal lens eqondile buhle ngoba indawo eqondile yelensi eqondile idlula ngokukhanya noma ingokoqobo.
Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 5 cm
Ibanga lento = 5 cm
Kubuziwe : ibanga lesithunzi, ukukhuliswa kwesithunzi, ukuphakama kwesithunzi kanye nezakhiwo zesithunzi
Impendulo:
Isithombe sokwakheka kwesithombe sento ngelensi eqondile:
Ibanga lesithombe (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/15 – 1/5 = 1/15 – 3/15 = -2/15
s' = -15/2 = -7,5 cm
Ibanga elibi lesithunzi lisho ukuthi isithunzi sibonakala nge-virtual noma ukukhanya akudluli esithunzini.
Ibanga lesithombe elingu-7,5 cm likhulu kunebanga lento elingu-5 cm.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M):
M = -s'/s = -(-7,5)/5 = 7,5/5 = izikhathi ezingu-1,5
Ukukhulisa isithombe kahle kusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile noma asiguqukile.
Usayizi wesithombe mkhulu ngokuphindwe ka-1,5 kunosayizi wento.
Ukuphakama kwesithunzi (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (1,5)5 = 10/3 = 7,5 cm
Ukuphakama kwesithunzi kuhle, okusho ukuthi isithunzi siqondile noma asiphezulu.
Ukuphakama kwesithombe okungu-7,5 cm kukhulu kunokuphakama kwento okungu-5 cm.
Izakhiwo zezithunzi
Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni okungenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi izakhiwo zesithombe sento eyakhiwe ilensi egobile yilezi:
– imisebe ebonakalayo noma yokukhanya ayidluli emthunzini
- Iqonde noma ingagxilile
– Uma ikhulisiwe noma usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento
– Ibanga lesithombe likhulu kunebanga lento
2. Into ephakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ubude ingu-30 cm phambi kwelensi eqondile enobude obuqondile obungu-15 cm. Bala ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe!
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ubude be-focal (f) = 15 cm
Ubude be-focal lens eqondile buhle ngoba indawo eqondile yelensi eqondile idlula ngokukhanya noma ingokoqobo.
Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 10 cm
Ibanga lento = 30 cm
Kubuziwe: ibanga lesithunzi, ukukhuliswa kwesithunzi, ukuphakama kwesithunzi kanye nezakhiwo zesithunzi
Impendulo:
Isithombe sokwakheka kwesithombe sento ngelensi eqondile:
Ibanga lesithombe (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/15 – 1/30 = 2/30 – 1/30 = 1/30
s' = 30/1 = 30 cm
Ibanga elihle lesithunzi lisho ukuthi isithunzi singokoqobo noma isithunzi sidlula ngokukhanya.
Ibanga lesithunzi elingama-30 cm lifana nebanga lento elingama-30 cm.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M):
M = -s'/s = -(30)/30 = -30/30 = -1 izikhathi
Ukukhulisa isithombe ngophawu olunegethivu kusho ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.
Ukukhulisa okungu-1 kusho ukuthi ubukhulu besithunzi bufana nobukhulu bento.
Ukuphakama kwesithunzi (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (-1)10 = -10 cm
Ukuphakama kwesithunzi kuphambene, okusho ukuthi isithunzi siphendukezelwe.
Ukuphakama kwesithunzi kungu-10 cm, okufana nokuphakama kwento, okungu-10 cm.
Izakhiwo zezithunzi
Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni okungenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi izakhiwo zesithombe sento eyakhiwe ilensi egobile yilezi:
- umsebe wangempela noma okhanyayo udlula emthunzini
- emuva
– ubukhulu besithunzi bufana nobukhulu bento
– ibanga lesithunzi lifana nebanga lento
Imibuzo yelensi eguquguqukayo
1. Into ephakeme ngamasentimitha angu-5 ubude ingu-10 cm phambi kwelensi eqondile enobude obuqondile obungu-30 cm. Thola: (a) ibanga lesithombe, (b) ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, (c) ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye (d) nezici zesithombe!
Ukhiye wempendulo:
(a) s' = -15 cm
(b) m = 1,5
(c) h' = 7,5 cm
(d) izakhiwo zesithombe: ezibonakalayo, eziqondile, ezikhulisiwe
2. Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondile buyi-10 cm, ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondile liyi-15 cm kanti ukuphakama kwento kungama-2 cm. Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe!
Ukhiye wempendulo:
(a) s' = 30 cm
(b) m = -2
(c) h' = -15 cm
(d) izakhiwo zesithombe: zangempela, eziguquliwe, ezikhulisiwe
3. Ukuhlolwa Kukazwelonke Kwesayensi Yesikole Samabanga Aphakeme Sabafundi Abancane C4-P12 No. 13
Bheka isithombe esilandelayo! Ngokusekelwe kudatha eboniswe esithombeni, ubude be-focal belensi...
A. 4,5 cm
B. 7,5 cm
C. 10 cm
D. 12 cm
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Ngokusekelwe esithombeni sendlela yokukhanya, kuphethwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwelensi ilensi eqondile noma ilensi eqondile.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ibanga lento = 20 cm
Ibanga lesithunzi (s') = 30 cm
Kubuziwe: Ubude be-focal lens (f)
Impendulo:
Ifomula yelensi eguquguqukayo:
1/s + 1/s' = 1/f
Incazelo yamafomula nemithetho yesibonakaliso:
s = ibanga lento (elihle ngoba into idluliswe umsebe wokukhanya wesigameko)
s' = ibanga lesithunzi (elihle ngoba isithunzi sidlula emsebeni wokukhanya noma isithunzi singokoqobo)
f = ubude bokugxila (ukugxila kwelensi eqondile kuhle ngoba kudlula emsebeni wokukhanya)
Ngakho-ke ubude obuqondile belensi eqondile (f):
1/f = 1/20 + 1/30 = 3/60 + 2/60 = 5/60
f = 60/5 = 12 cm
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.
4. Umbuzo Wesivivinyo Sikazwelonke Sesayensi Yamabanga Aphansi Ka-2011 Inombolo 12 - Amalensi Ahlanganisiwe
Into iphambi kwelensi eqondile njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Uma ubude be-focal belensi bungama-20 cm, buzo...
isithombe sento senziwa ngokukhulisa...
A. izikhathi ezimbili
B. izikhathi ezintathu
C. izikhathi ezine
D. izikhathi ezi-0,5
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ubude be-focal yelensi eqondile (f) = 20 cm
Indawo egxile kulensi eqondile idlula ngokukhanya okukhulu ukuze ubude belensi eqondile bube ngokoqobo futhi bube nophawu oluhle.
Ibanga lento = 30 cm
Kubuziwe: Ukukhulisa isithombe (M)
Impendulo:
Ngaphambi kokubala ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, qala ubale ibanga (s) lesithombe.
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = 1/60
s' = 60/1 = 60 cm
Ukukhulisa isithombe:
M = s'/s = 60 cm / 30 cm = 60/30 = izikhathi ezi-2
Impendulo efanele ingu-B.
5. I-EBTANAS-SMP-01-14
Isithombe esibonisa indlela efanele yemisebe ekhethekile kulensi eqondile...
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Ilensi eqondile ibizwa nangokuthi ilensi ehlanganayo ngoba iqoqa ukukhanya. Ibizwa ngokuthi ilensi enhle ngoba ukukhanya kudlula endaweni egxile kulensi eqondile, okwenza kube ngokoqobo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilensi egobile ibizwa nangokuthi ilensi ehlukanisayo ngoba isakaza ukukhanya. Ibizwa ngokuthi ilensi engemihle ngoba indawo egxile kulensi egobile ayidluliswa ukukhanya ngoba
kungokoqobo.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu kunesibonelo sesithombe sokwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi eqondile kusetshenziswa imisebe emithathu ekhethekile.
Impendulo efanele ngu-A.
