Incazelo yesibuko esigoqekile
Uhlobo olulodwa lwesibuko olusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke yisibuko esigobile. Isibuko esigobile yisibuko esigobile, lapho ubuso obukhanyayo bugobile khona emuva. Ukuze sikusize uqonde, hlola isithombe sesibuko esigobile ohlangothini.
Sebenzisa
Uma ufuna ukubona isikhumba sakho sobuso ngokucacile nangokuningiliziwe, bamba ubuso bakho eduze kobuso obukhanyayo besibuko esigobile kuze kube yilapho ukubonakaliswa kwakho kubonakala kukhulu futhi izikhala zakho zibonakala ngokucacile. Ukubonakaliswa kwakho kubonakala kukhulu kunobuso bakho ngoba isibuko siyakukhulisa, okwenzeka lapho ubuso bakho bungaphansi kobude obuqondile besibuko. Sicela ufunde isihloko sokubonakaliswa kwesibuko esigobile ukuze ukuqonde kangcono lokhu. Ngenxa yokuthi kukhulisa ukubonakaliswa, izibuko zivame ukusetshenziswa ngabesifazane ekuzilungiseni kanye nabesilisa ekushefeni.
Izibuko ezigobile nazo zisetshenziswa ezibanini zokukhanya kanye nasezibanini zokukhanya zezimoto. Inhloso yezibuko ezibanini zokukhanya, ezibanini zokukhanya zezimoto, noma kwezinye izibani zokukhanya iwukulinganisa ukukhanya ukuze konke ukukhanya kuhambe ngqo phambili. Uma uvula ingilazi yangaphambili yethoshi bese ususa isibuko, ukukhanya okuvelayo kusabalale kuzo zonke izinhlangothi futhi ngeke kukhanyise izinto noma izindawo zomgwaqo kude. Isimiso sokusebenza sezibuko ezibanini zokukhanya noma ezibani zokukhanya zezimoto sichazwa kamuva engxoxweni mayelana nendawo egxile ezibukweni. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa ezibanini zokukhanya noma kwezinye izibani zokukhanya, izibuko nazo zisetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla elanga. Ezitshalweni zamandla elanga, izibuko ziqoqa ukukhanya kwelanga futhi ziqondise konke ukukhanya endaweni egxile esibukweni, lapho kubekwa khona isitsha. Ukukhanya kwelanga kusetshenziselwa ukuhwamukisa amanzi esitsheni, lapho umusi usetshenziswa khona ukushayela i-turbine ukukhiqiza ugesi.
Iphuzu Lokugxila
Uma ubuso besibuko obubonisa ukukhanya bubhekene nento ekude kakhulu, isibonelo ilanga, khona-ke ukukhanya okuphuma yilanga kuzohambisana nento. i-axis eyinhloko isibuko, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. I-axis eyinhloko ingumugqa ocatshangelwayo oqonde phakathi nendawo ebusweni besibuko. Esithombeni esingezansi, umugqa we-axis eyinhloko uhambisana nendawo yokuhlangana kwayo yonke imisebe yokukhanya ebonisiwe.
Uma ushaya ubuso besibuko, umsebe ngamunye wokukhanya noma umsebe wokukhanya uyalalela umthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya. Phakathi komsebe wesigameko nomsebe obonisiwe kukhona umugqa ojwayelekile oqonde ngqo ebusweni besibuko lapho umsebe wokukhanya udlula khona, kodwa umugqa ojwayelekile awudwetshwa. I-engeli ephakathi komsebe wesigameko nomsebe ojwayelekile iyafana ne-engeli ephakathi komsebe obonisiwe nomsebe ojwayelekile. Ngokungafani nesibuko esiyisicaba esinobuso obuyisicaba ukuze yonke imigqa evamile ibe sehlangothini olufanayo, esibukweni esigobile imigqa evamile ayikho ohlangothini olufanayo ngoba ubuso besibuko bugobile futhi abuyisicaba. Yonke imisebe ebonisiwe ihlangana endaweni eyodwa ehambisana ne-axis eyinhloko ebizwa ngokuthi indawo yokugxila (F). Ngamanye amazwi, indawo egxile kuyo yiphuzu lesithombe sento ekude kakhulu nobuso besibuko, isibonelo ilanga nezinkanyezi.
Ngokusekelwe ku umthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya, isiqondiso somsebe wokukhanya noma imisebe yokukhanya singaguqulwa, ngokuphambene nesithombe sangaphambilini. Uma umthombo wokukhanya ucatshangwa ukuthi usendaweni egxile esibukweni, khona-ke umsebe wokukhanya okhishwa yinto ushaya ubuso besibuko futhi uboniswa ubuso besibuko. Isiqondiso somsebe wokukhanya oboniswayo sihambisana ne-axis eyinhloko yesibuko esigobile. Lesi yisimiso esiyisisekelo ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezibuko ezibanini, izibani zemoto noma ezinye izibani, ukusetshenziswa kwezibuko ezitshalweni zamandla elanga.
Ngokusekelwe encazelweni engenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi uma kukhona umthombo wokukhanya otholakala endaweni eqondile yesibuko, umsebe wokukhanya okhishwa yinto uboniswa yisibuko lapho umsebe wokukhanya oboniswayo uhambisana ne-axis eyinhloko yesibuko. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma into ikude kakhulu, isithombe sento sisendaweni eqondile yesibuko esigobile. Uma into ekude kakhulu inesithombe endaweni eqondile, sikuphi isithombe sento uma ibanga lento ukusuka ebusweni besibuko lilinganiselwe noma liseduze? Ukuze uqonde lokhu, sicela ufunde isihloko sesithombe sesibuko esigobile futhi ukuze usheshise ukuqonda isihloko, qala ufunde imisebe ekhethekile yesibuko esigobile kanye nefomula yesibuko esigobile.
Ubude be-Focal
Ubude be-focal (f) yibanga eliphakathi kwe-focal point (F) kanye nobuso besibuko esigobile. Okulandelayo kuchaza indlela yokunquma ubude be-focal yesibuko esigobile usebenzisa i-incident ray kanye ne-reflective ray.
Iphuzu C liyiphuzu eliphakathi lokugoba kwesibuko esigobile. Ubude obuqondile besibuko esigobile ngu-f (ubude obuqondile = f = FQ) kanti irediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko esigobile ngu-r (irediyasi yokugoba = r = CQ = CP).
Umsebe wesigameko ushaya isibuko esigoqekile ku-P bese ubonakala ubheke endaweni yokugxila u-F. Umugqa onamachashazi i-CP umugqa ojwayelekile. Umsebe wesigameko kanye nomsebe obonakalayo kulalela umthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya lapho i-engeli yokwenzeka (θ) ilingana ne-engeli yokubonakaliswa (θ) futhi le engeli ilingana ne-engeli yonxantathu i-PCQ (θ). I-engeli yonxantathu i-PCQ ilingana ne-engeli yonxantathu i-CPF ngakho-ke unxantathu i-PFC unxantathu olinganayo. Njengoba unxantathu i-PFC unxantathu olinganayo khona-ke ubude be-PF bulingana nobude be-CF. Ngokuthatha ukuthi ububanzi besibuko buncane kune-radius yokugoba kwesibuko ngakho-ke ubude be-PF bubhekwa njengobulingana nobude be-FQ. Njengoba i-CF = PF kanye ne-PF = FQ khona-ke i-CQ = 2 CF = 2 FQ. I-CQ = r = i-radius yokugoba kwesibuko esigoqekile kanye ne-FQ = f = ubude bokugxila besibuko esigoqekile. Ngakho-ke kungaphethwa ngokuthi irediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko esigobile (r) = 2 x ubude obuqondile (f) besibuko esigobile. Ngokwezibalo:
r = 2 f noma f = r / 2
Isithunzi
Isibuko esiyisicaba singakha isithombe esibonakalayo kuphela, kanti isibuko esigobile singakha izithombe zangempela neze-virtual. Ukuthi isithombe sento singokoqobo noma singokoqobo kuncike ebangeni lento ukusuka ebusweni besibuko esigobile, futhi lokhu kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni. isithombe sesibuko esigobile.
Isithunzi Sangempela
Isithombe singokoqobo uma ukukhanya okukhanyayo noma imisebe yokukhanya ekhanyayo idlula endaweni lapho isithombe sikhona. Uma isikrini sibekwe endaweni lapho kulindeleke khona isithombe sangempela, kuzovela ukukhanya kwesikrini futhi lo kukhanya kunesimo sento. Ukuba khona kwesithombe sangempela esakhiwe yisibuko esigobile yisona sizathu esenza izibuko ezigobile zisetshenziswe kuma-telescope ezinkanyezi. Esihlokweni sama-lens optical, uzofunda ukuthi ikhono lelensi lokwakha isithombe sangempela liyisizinda sokusetshenziswa kwayo kuma-telescope optical.
Isithunzi sikaMaya
Isithombe sibonakala singokoqobo uma ukukhanya okubonakalayo noma imisebe yokukhanya ebonakalisiwe ingadluli endaweni lapho isithombe sikhona. Uma isikrini sibekwa endaweni lapho isithombe esibonakalayo silindelwe khona, akukho ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuzobonakala esikrinini. Isithombe esibonakalayo/esibonakalayo/esingamanga asikho ngempela, kodwa iso lomuntu liyasibona. ukukhanya ukuhamba ngendlela eqondile ukuze kubukeke sengathi ukukhanya kuhamba ngqo kusuka endaweni lapho isithunzi sikhona.
