Fomura yeTeresikopu yezvemuchadenga (mabhainokura)

Kukura kwekona ndiko kunosarudza kukura kwemufananidzo wechinhu chakagadzirwa pa retina. MataSezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo uri padivi, chinhu chinenge chiri kure neziso, makona acho anowedzera kukura uye nokudaro makona acho anowedzera kukura kwemufananidzo wechinhu chakagadzirwa pa retina yeziso.

Teresikopu iri nyore ine magirazi maviri akapinza , anonzi lenzi yekutarisa (objective lens) nelenzi yekuona (eyepiece lens), zvichiteerana. Lenzi yekuona iri kure neziso, nepo lenzi yekuona iri pedyo neziso. Lenzi yekuona yeteresikopu inoshanda kuunza mufananidzo pedyo nelenzi yekuona, nokudaro ichiwedzera saizi yekona. Lenzi yekuona yeteresikopu inoshanda kukudza saizi yekona, nokudaro ichiwedzera saizi yemufananidzo inoumbwa pa retina yeziso.

1. Kukura Kwese kweMaikorosikopu Kana Ziso Riri Padiki Pakugara
1.1 Kukura Kwemalenzi Echinangwa Kana Ziso Riri Padiki
Lenzi yekutarisa chinhu chakaita se convex lens, saka nzira yekuwedzera lenzi yekutarisa chinhu chakafanana ne fomura yekuwedzera yakanangana ye lenzi ye convex.

Chiratidzo chekuramba chinotsanangura mufananidzo wakapindurwa chete kuitira kuti ugone kubviswa kubva muequation.
Kana ziso remuoni risingapindi zvakanyanya, mufananidzo unogadzirwa nelenzi yekutarisa unofanirwa kunge uri panzvimbo yakatarisana nemalenzi ese ari maviri. Saka daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (s)._ob') = kureba kwegirazi rekutarisa (f)_obChinhu chacho chiri kure kwazvo ne lenzi yechinangwa uye chinoonekwa sechisingaperi nekuti daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yechinangwa (s)_ob) = kusingaperi.

Zvichibva pafomura iyi, zvakagumiswa kuti kukura kwemutsara we lenzi yekutarisa kuri pedyo ne zero saka kunogona kuregeredzwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunyangwe kukura kwemutsara kuri kudiki, lenzi yekutarisa inoswededza mufananidzo chaiwo pedyo ne lenzi yekutarisa, saka kona iri pakati pemufananidzo chaiwo ne lenzi yekutarisa yakakura.

1.2 Kukura kweLenzi yeEyepiece yeAngular kana Ziso riri paMinimum Accommodation
Lenzi yemaziso inoshanda kuwedzera saizi yekona, saka fomura yekuwedzera lenzi inoshandiswa ndiyo fomura yekuwedzera yekona. Fomura yekuwedzera kwekona yelenzi yemaziso teresikopu zvakasiyana ne fomura yekuwedzera kwelenzi yemaziso yemicroscope karena maikorosikopu aishandiswa kuona zvinhu zviri pedyo nepo mabhinocular achishandiswa kuona zvinhu zviri kure.
Fomura yekuwedzera kwekona:
M = θ' / θ
Kona diki zvekuti tangent θ ≈ θ
θ = h' / f_ob
θ' = h' / f_ok
Kukura kwekona:

Information :
M_ok = kukura kwelenzi yeziso, f_ob = kureba kwelenzi yechinangwa, f_ok = kureba kwegirazi remaziso.

Kureba kweteresikopu (l) = kureba kwelenzi yekutarisa (f _ob ) + kureba kwelenzi yeziso (f _ok ). Saka f _ob = l – f _ok kana f _ok = l – f _ob

.3 Kukura Kwese kweAngular kana Ziso riri paMinimum Accommodation
Kukura kwemutsara kunoonekwa sekusina, saka kukura kwese kwe angle kwe teresikopu iri nyore kana ziso riri pa minimum accommodation (M) = kukura kwe angular kwe eyepiece lens kana ziso riri pa minimum accommodation (M)._ok).

Information :
M = kukura kwekona kwese, f_ob = kureba kwelenzi yechinangwa, f_ok = kureba kwelenzi yemaziso, l = kureba pakati pelenzi yekutarisa nelenzi yemaziso = kureba kweteresikopu.

2. Kukura Kwese kweMaikorosikopu Kana Ziso Riri PaMaximum Accommodation
2.1 Kukura Kwemalenzi Echinangwa Kana Ziso Rakakura Zvikuru
Lenzi yekutarisa igirazi rakamonana, saka fomura yekuwedzera yakanongedza yegirazi rakamonana yakafanana nefomura yekuwedzera yakanongedza yegirazi rakamonana.

Chiratidzo chekuramba chinotsanangura mufananidzo wakapindurwa chete kuitira kuti ugone kubviswa kubva muequation.
Kana ziso remuoni rakanyatsokodzera, mufananidzo unogadzirwa nelenzi iri pakati penzvimbo yekutanga yelenzi yemaziso nelenzi. Saka daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi iri (s)._ob') = kureba kweteresikopu (l) – daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva pane lenzi yeziso (s)_okChinhu chacho chiri kure kwazvo ne lenzi yechinangwa uye chinoonekwa sechisingaperi nekuti daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yechinangwa (s)_ob) = kusingaperi.

Zvichibva pafomura iyi, zvakagumiswa kuti kukura kwe lenzi ye objective kuri pedyo ne zero saka kunogona kuregeredzwa.

2.2 Kukura kweLenzi yeEyepiece yeAngular kana Ziso riri paMaximum Accommodation
Fomura yekuwedzera kwekona:
M = θ' / θ
Kona diki zvekuti tangent θ ≈ θ
θ = h' / s_ob'
θ' = h' / s_ok
Kukura kwekona:

Information :
M_ok = kukura kwelenzi yeziso, s_ob' = daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi chaiyo, s_ok = daro remufananidzo chaiwo (mufananidzo unoonekwa sechinhu) kubva pane lenzi yemaziso.

Kureba kweteresikopu (l) = kureba kwelenzi yekutarisa (s _ob ') + kureba kwelenzi yeziso (s _ok ). Saka s _ob ' = l – s _ok kana s _ok = l – s _ob '

2.3 Kukura Kwese kweAngular kana Ziso riri paMaximum Accommodation
Kukura kwemutsara kunoonekwa sekusina, saka kukura kwese kwe angle kwe teresikopu iri nyore kana ziso riri pa minimum accommodation (M) = kukura kwe angular kwe eyepiece lens kana ziso riri pa minimum accommodation (M)._ok).

Information :
M = kukura kwese kwekona, s_ob' = daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi chaiyo, s_ok = kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo (mufananidzo unoonekwa sechinhu) kubva kune lenzi yemaziso, l = kureba pakati pe lenzi yekutarisa ne lenzi yemaziso = kureba kweteresikopu.