Fomura yelenzi ine concave

Usati wawana fomura ye lenzi yakakombama, tanga wanzwisisa mitemo yakati wandei yezviratidzo zve lenzi yakakombama.

Mutemo weChiratidzo cheLenzi Yakakombama
- Daro rechinhu (s)
Kana chinhu chacho chiri kudivi rimwe chete relenzi nekwakabva chiedza, saka daro rechinhu zvakaratidza kuti zvine mhedzisiro yakanaka.
- Kureba kwemufananidzo (s')
Kana chiedza chikapfuura nemumumvuri, ipapo daro remumvuri yakaratidzwa kuti yakanaka (mufananidzo chaiwo). Kana mufananidzo usina kupfuudzwa nechiedza, ipapo daro remumvuri chiratidzo chisina kunaka (mufananidzo chaiwo).
- Kureba kwefocal (f)
Kana nzvimbo yekutarisa yelenzi yapfuudzwa nepakati pechiedza, ipapo kureba kwefocal Lenzi yacho inoratidzwa seyakanaka. Kusiyana neizvi, kana nzvimbo yakatarisana nelenzi isina kupfuudzwa nechiedza, ipapo kureba kwefocal Lenzi yacho yakanyorwa kuti haina kunaka. Nzvimbo yakatarisana nelenzi yakakombama haipfuuri nepakati nemwenje nekuda kweizvi kureba kwefocal magirazi akakombama haana kunaka.
- Kureba kwechinhu (h)
Kana chinhu chacho chiri pamusoro pe axis ye lenzi yakakombama saka kukwirira kwechinhu chacho chiratidzo chakanaka (chinhu chakamira). Kusiyana neizvi, kana chinhu chacho chiri pasi pe axis ye lenzi yakakombama saka kukwirira kwechinhu chacho chiratidzo chekuramba (chinhu chakapindurwa).
- Kureba kwemumvuri (h')
Kana mufananidzo uri pamusoro pe axis ye concave lens saka kukwirira kwemumvuri chiratidzo chakanaka (mufananidzo wakatwasuka). Kana mufananidzo uri pasi pe axis ye lenzi yakakombama saka kukwirira kwemumvuri chiratidzo chisina kunaka (mufananidzo wakapindurwa).
- Kukura kwemufananidzo (m)
Kana kukura kwemufananidzo > 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu. Kana kukura kwemufananidzo = 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakafanana nehukuru hwechinhu. Kana kukura kwemufananidzo < 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu.
 
Fomura yeLenzi Yakakombama
Tarisa mufananidzo uri pazasi. Kune mwenje miviri inoratidzwa ichienda kune lenzi yakakombama, ipapo mwenje yacho inodzorwa ne lenzi yakakombama.

Mashoko ekuwedzera:
s = daro rechinhu, s' = daro remufananidzo, h = P P' = kukwirira kwechinhu, h' = Q Q' = kukwirira kwemufananidzo, F₁ uye F₂ = nzvimbo yekutarisa yelenzi yakakombama.

Muchiedza cheP'AS, triangle P'AP yakafanana netriangle Q'AQ. Saka:
Muchiedza chemwenje P'BR, triangle BF₂A yakafanana netriangle Q'F₂Q apo daro AB = kureba kwechinhu (h) uye daro F₂A = kureba kwefocal (f) kwelenzi yakakombama. Saka:
Mativi ekuruboshwe nekurudyi eequations 1 ne2 akaenzana, saka mativi ekurudyi akaenzana:
Wedzera mativi ese ari maviri e equation na s' :
Zvichienderana nemitemo yechiratidzo che concave lens, fomura iyi inogona kuchinjwa kuti ive seinotevera: fomura yegirazi rakakombama, Kana chinhambwe chemufananidzo (s') anopiwa chiratidzo chekuramba nekuti mumvuri haupfuuri nepakati nemwaranzi wechiedza uye kureba kwefocal (f) inopiwawo chiratidzo chekusaratidza kuti pane chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi regirazi remukati (concave lens) nekuti chiedza hachipfuure nepakati paro (enzanisa nemufananidzo wekuumbwa kwemufananidzo uri pamusoro). Zvichienderana nechirevo ichi, fomura yegirazi remukati riri pamusoro inoshanduka kuita:
Tsananguro: s = daro rechinhu, s' = daro remufananidzo, f = kureba kwefocal.
Gara uchiyeuka mutemo wechiratidzo chelenzi yakakombama paunenge uchishandisa fomura iyi kugadzirisa matambudziko elenzi yakakombama.

Kukura Kwemufananidzo (m)
Tarisa mufananidzo wekuumbwa kwemumvuri wechinhu chiri pamusoro apa. Matriangles P'AP neQ'AQ akafanana, saka tinogona kuwana hukama huripo pakati pedaro rechinhu nedaro remumvuri nekukwirira kwechinhu nekukwirira kwemumvuri:
Fomura iyi yakanyorwa zvakare sezviri pazasi nekuwedzera m:
Information :
m = kukura kwemufananidzo
h = kureba kwechinhu (chakanaka kana chiri pamusoro pe axis ye lenzi yakakombama kana chinhu chakamira)
h' = kureba kwemufananidzo (kwakanaka kana uri pamusoro pe axis ye lenzi yakakombama kana mufananidzo wakamira)
s = daro rechinhu (zvakanaka kana chinhu chacho chapfuudzwa mwenje wechiedza unouya)
s' = daro remufananidzo (rakanaka kana mufananidzo wapfuura nepakati chiedza chemwenje kana mufananidzo chaiwo)
 
Muenzaniso weMibvunzo yeConcave Lens
Dzidza muenzaniso we lenzi yakakombama kuitira kuti unzwisise zviri nani mashandisirwo emushonga we lenzi yakakombama.

Mibvunzo Yekudzidzira Magirazi Akavharika
Zviite mibvunzo yekudzidzira lenzi dzakatetepa kuitira kuti uve nehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa matambudziko e lenzi dzakakombama.