Usati waongorora fomura yegirazi rakamonereka, tanga wanzwisisa mitemo yakati wandei yezviratidzo zvegirazi rakamonereka.
Mitemo yeZviratidzo zveConvex Mirror
- Daro rechinhu (s)
Kana chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rinotaridza chiedza, uko chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pechinhu chacho, saka daro rechinhu (S) zvakanaka.
- Kureba kwemufananidzo (s')
Kana mumvuri uri pamberi pegirazi rinotaridza chiedza, uko chiedza chinopfuura nemumumvuri, saka daro remumvuri (s') mufananidzo wakanaka (mufananidzo chaiwo). Kana mufananidzo uri kuseri kwegirazi rinotaridza chiedza, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nemufananidzo, saka daro remumvuri iri negative (mufananidzo chaiwo).
- Nharaunda yekukombama (R)
Pakati pekukombama kwegirazi rakatenderedzwa riri seri kwenzvimbo inoratidza chiedza, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepakati, saka nzvimbo yekukombama kwegirazi rakatenderedzwa iri negative. Kana nzvimbo yekukombama iri negative, kureba kwefocal (f) kuri negativewo.
- Kureba kwechinhu (h)
Kana chinhu chacho chiri pamusoro pechikamu chikuru chegirazi rakatenderedzwa, saka kukwirira kwechinhu (h) chinhu chakanaka (chakamira). Kusiyana neizvi, kana chinhu chacho chiri pasi pechikamu chikuru chegirazi rakatenderedza girazi, saka kukwirira kwechinhu chacho chinhu chakapindurwa (chinopikisa).
- Kureba kwemumvuri (h')
Kana mufananidzo uri pamusoro pe axis huru yegirazi rakatenderedzwa, ipapo kukwirira kwemufananidzo (h') kuri positive (mufananidzo wakamira). Kana mufananidzo uri pasi pe axis huru yegirazi rakatenderedzwa, kukwirira kwemufananidzo kuri kusava ne (mufananidzo wakapindurwa).
- Kukura kwemufananidzo (m)
Kana kukura kwemufananidzo > 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu. Kana kukura kwemufananidzo = 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakafanana nehukuru hwechinhu. Kana kukura kwemufananidzo < 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu.
Fomura yegirazi reConvex
Tarisa mufananidzo uri pazasi. Kune mwenje miviri yechiedza inoratidzwa yakatarisana negirazi rakamonana, ipapo mwenje yechiedza inoonekwa negirazi rakamonana.

Mashoko ekuwedzera:
s = daro rechinhu, s' = daro remufananidzo, h = P P' = kukwirira kwechinhu, h' = Q Q' = kukwirira kwemufananidzo, F = nzvimbo yekutarisa girazi rakatenderedza.
Muchiedza cheP'AS, triangle P'AP yakafanana netriangle Q'AQ. Saka:
![]()
Muchiedza cheP'BR, triangle BFA yakafanana netriangle Q'FQ apo daro AB = kureba kwechinhu (h) uye daro FA = kureba kwefocal (f) kwegirazi re convex. Saka:

Mativi ekuruboshwe nekurudyi eequations 1 ne2 akaenzana, saka mativi ekurudyi akaenzana:

Wedzera mativi ese ari maviri e equation na s' :

Zvichibva pamitemo yezviratidzo zvegirazi zvine convex, fomura iyi inogona kuchinjwa kuti iite seiyi: fomura yegirazi rakatetepa, Kana chinhambwe chemufananidzo (s') anopiwa chiratidzo chekuramba nekuti mumvuri haupfuuri nepakati nemwaranzi wechiedza uye kureba kwefocal (f) inopiwawo chiratidzo chekusaratidza kuti chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi re convex hachipfuuri nepakati nemwaranzi yechiedza (enzanisa nemufananidzo wekuumbwa kwemufananidzo uri pamusoro). Zvichienderana nechirevo ichi, fomura yegirazi re convex riri pamusoro inoshanduka kuita:
Tsananguro: s = daro rechinhu, s' = daro remufananidzo, f = kureba kwefocal.
Gara uchiyeuka mutemo wechiratidzo chegirazi rakamonereka paunenge uchishandisa fomura iyi kugadzirisa matambudziko egirazi rakamonereka.
Kukura Kwemufananidzo (m)
Tarisa mufananidzo wekuumbwa kwemumvuri wechinhu chiri pamusoro apa. Matriangles P'AP neQ'AQ akafanana, saka tinogona kuwana hukama huripo pakati pedaro rechinhu nedaro remumvuri nekukwirira kwechinhu nekukwirira kwemumvuri:
Fomura iyi yakanyorwa zvakare sezviri pazasi nekuwedzera m:
![]()
Information :
m = kukura kwemufananidzo
h = kureba kwechinhu (chakanaka kana chinhu chiri pamusoro pegirazi rakatenderedzwa kana chinhu chakamira. Chakaipa kana chinhu chacho chakatarira pasi)
h' = kureba kwemufananidzo (zvakanaka kana mufananidzo uri pamusoro pegirazi rakatenderedzwa kana mufananidzo wakamira. Hazvina kunaka kana mufananidzo wakapindurwa)
s = daro rechinhu (zvakanaka kana chinhu chacho chakapfuudzwa nechiedza chechiitiko)
s' = daro remufananidzo (rakanaka kana mufananidzo wakapfuudzwa nemwaranzi yechiedza uye rakaipa kana mufananidzo usina kupfuudzwa nemwaranzi yechiedza)
Muenzaniso weMatambudziko eConvex Mirror
Dzidza muenzaniso wegirazi rakamonereka kuitira kuti unzwisise zviri nani mashandisirwo emhando yegirazi rakamoneredzwa.
Mibvunzo Yekudzidzira Magirazi Akajeka
Zviite mibvunzo yekudzidzira negirazi rakajeka kuitira kuti uve nehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa matambudziko egirazi rakamonana.