Magirazi Emaziso eOptical Instrument Formula

Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso uye mafomura ezvishandiso zvemaziso, maziso, magirazi, mabhainokura

Mata

1. Chimwe chezvishandiso zvechisikigo zvemaziso iziso. Mukuona, mufananidzo unoumbwa...

1. Chokwadi, chakatwasuka, chiri pa retina chaipo
2. Ichokwadi, chakapinduka, chaipo pa retina
3. Zviri pachena, zvakatwasuka, zvakananga pa retina
4. Maya, akatarisa pasi, ari pa retina chaipo

Kukurukurirana
Nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso remazuva ose i25 cm. Nzvimbo iri pedyo ndiyo nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso. Dhayamita yeziso remunhu idiki pane 25 cm, saka kureba kwelenzi yeziso kudikiwo pane 25 cm. Saka, daro rechinhu rinofanira kunge rakakura kupfuura kureba kwelenzi yeziso (f).

Sisitimu yelenzi yemaziso igirazi rakamonana. Saka, mufananidzo unoumbwa nesisitimu yelenzi yemaziso panguva yekutarisa une hunhu hwakafanana nemufananidzo unoumbwa nelenzi yakamonana. Hunhu hwemufananidzo unoumbwa nesisitimu yelenzi yemaziso kana daro rechinhu (s) riri guru kupfuura urefu hwefocal (f), hunosanganisira:
- Ichokwadi kana kuti chechokwadi
- Kudzokera kumashure
- Yakaderedzwa
- Pa retina chaipo

Mufananidzo wacho unofanira kunge wakamira zvakanaka pa retina nekuti retina inoshandura mafungu echiedza kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi zvinoendeswa kuuropi. Kunyangwe mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa, uropi hwemunhu hunouita kuti umire, saka zvinhu zvinoonekwa neziso zvinoita sezviri kumira zvakanaka.

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

Magirazi

2. Munhu ane nzvimbo iri pedyo ne16 cm uye nzvimbo iri kure ye80 cm. Kana akapfeka magirazi, anogona kuona zvinhu zviri kure zvakanyanya. Nekushandisa magirazi aya, daro rekuenda kuchinhu chiri pedyo raanogona kuona zvakajeka ndiro….

1. 13 1/3 cm
2. 20 masendimita
3. 36 masendimita
4. 48 1/3 cm

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Nzvimbo yemunhu iri kure masendimita makumi masere chete, saka zvinogona kugumiswa kuti munhu wacho anoona zviri kure.
Kuona zviri pedyo kunoitika nekuti lenzi yeziso yakakombama kana kuti haina kutsetseka kupfuura zvayaifanira kuita muziso remazuva ose, zvichideredza kureba kwayo. Izvi zvinoita kuti mwaranzi yechiedza inobva pazvinhu zviri kure (nzvimbo iri kure) ionekwe pamberi pe retina kwete pa retina.
Akabvunzwa: Kureba kwechinhu chiri pedyo kunogona kuonekwa zvakajeka uchishandisa magirazi
Mhinduro:
Nzvimbo yekure yemunhu ndeye 80 cm. Magirazi egirazi anofanira kuumba mufananidzo uri pamberi pake uri 80 cm. Mufananidzo uri pamberi peziso uye magirazi egirazi, saka mufananidzo wacho uri chaiwo uye wakatwasuka. Saka daro remufananidzo (s') = -80 cm.
Kana munhu akapfeka magirazi, anogona kuona zvinhu zviri kure zvakanyanya. Saka daro rechinhu (s) = daro reziso rakajairika = kusingaperi = ~.

Kureba kwechinhu chinoisa ziso:
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/80)
1/f = 0 – 1/80
1/f = – 1/80
f = – 80 / 1
f = – 80 cm
Kureba kwegirazi remaziso kusina kunaka zvinoreva kuti lenzi yegirazi rinoshandiswa igirazi rakakombama kana kuti lenzi inoparadzanisa.

Kana munhu achishandisa magirazi akafanana, daro rechinhu chiri pedyo rinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka nderei? Kureba kwelenzi (f) = -80 cm. Lenzi inofanira kuumba mufananidzo uri kure ne16 cm pamberi peziso nelenzi kuitira kuti mufananidzo uve chaiwo uye uve nechiratidzo chekusashanda zvakanaka. Saka daro remufananidzo (s') = -16 cm.
1/s = 1/f – 1/s' = -1/80 – (-1/16) = -1/80 + 1/16 = -1/80 + 5/80 = 4/80
s = 80/4 = 20 cm.
Chinhu chiri pedyo chaanogona kuona zvakajeka i20 cm.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

3. Magirazi chishandiso chekukubatsira kuona zvakajeka. Unowanzoona shamwari dzako dzakapfeka magirazi. Nzira chaiyo yemwaranzi yechiedza kuburikidza nemagirazi akapfekwa neshamwari dzako inoita sei?

Kukurukurirana

Lenzi yegirazi remaziso inoshandiswa, zvichibva pamufananidzo, igirazi rakakombama. Nzira yechiedza chinouya chinodzorwa negirazi rakakombama inofanira kunge yakaita semhinduro B.

4. Tarisa mufananidzo unotevera wenzira yechiedza inopinda muziso usati wapfeka magirazi uye wapedza kupfeka. Zvichibva pamufananidzo, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti…
Kukurukurirana
Kuona zviri kure = hypermetropia
Lenzi inochinjana = lenzi yakachinjika = lenzi yakanaka
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

Mabhinokurasi

5. Kukura kweteresikopu ine urefu hwemasendimita gumi (10 cm) i3. Kureba kwechinhu chiri pamberi pechinhu uye kureba kwechinhu chiri pamberi pechinhu cheziso zvakateerana….

1. 5 cm uye 5 cm
2. 7,5 cm uye 2,5 cm
3. 2,5 cm uye 7,5 cm
4. 4 cm uye 6 cm

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kukura kwebhinocular (M) = 3
Kureba kweteresikopu (l) = 10 cm
Akabvunzwa: Kureba kwelenzi yekutarisa uye kureba kwelenzi yemaziso
Mhinduro:
Fomura yehurefu hweteresikopu (l) kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro:
l = f_ob +f_ok
10 cm = f_ob +f_ok  - Equation 1

Nzira yekukudza ma binoculars (M) kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro:
M = f_ob /f_ok
3 = f_ob /f_ok
f_ob = 3 f_ok - Equation 2

Tsiva f_ob pada equation 1 ne f_ok pada equation 2 :
10 cm = f_ob +f_ok 
10 cm = 3 f_ok +f_ok 
10 cm = 4 f_ok
f_ok = 10 cm / 4
f_ok = 2,5 masendimita
Kureba kwegirazi remaziso = 2,5 cm
Kureba kwegirazi rekutarisa = 3 f_ok = 3 (2,5 cm) = 7,5 cm

Kureba kwelenzi inoonekwa uye kureba kwelenzi yemaziso kunosvika 7,5 cm uye 2,5 cm zvichiteerana.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

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