Mafomula ezvishandiso zvemagirazi nemalenzi

Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso uye mafomura ezvishandiso zve optical, magirazi nema lenses

Girazi rakati sandara

1. Kenduru iri pamberi pemagirazi maviri akati sandara anoita kona ye60 ^o imwe neimwe ichitarisana , ipapo nhamba yemifananidzo yekenduru yacho i....

1. 3 zvidimbu
2. 4 zvidimbu
3. 5 zvidimbu
4. 6 zvidimbu

Kukurukurirana
Tarisa mifananidzo miviri iri pazasi. Chinhu (denderedzwa regirini) chiri pamberi pegirazi rinotaridza chiedza. Mwaranzi yechiedza inobva pachinhu ichi ichienda kugirazi replane yakatarisana negirazi replane, ichigadzira kona yemadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe.^oMutemo wekuratidzira chiedza unotaura kuti kona yekuratidzira yakaenzana nekona yekuratidzira.

Kana kona yezviitiko iri 90^o ipapo kona yekufungisisa zvakare 90^o.
Mumufananidzo wekuruboshwe, chinhu chiri pakati pemagirazi maviri epuraneti uye mifananidzo miviri inoumbwa. Mumufananidzo wekurudyi, chinhu chiri pedyo nechimwe chemagirazi epuraneti uye mifananidzo mitatu inoumbwa.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.

Girazi rakatetepa

2. Chiremba wemazino anoongorora nekutarisisa musana wemurwere achishandisa girazi rine dhayamita ye8 cm. Kuti dumbu remurwere rionekwe zvakajeka uye rakakura zvakakwana nachiremba wemazino, zino remurwere rinofanira kunge riri pamberi pegirazi riri kure...

1. pasi pe 4 cm pamberi pegirazi rakakombama
2. pasi pe 4 cm pamberi pegirazi rakatenderedza
3. anopfuura 4 cm pamberi pegirazi rakakombama
4. anopfuura 4 cm pamberi pegirazi rakatenderedza

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Redhiyuta yegirazi (r) = 8 cm
Kureba kwegirazi (f) = r / 2 = 8 / 2 = 4 cm
Akabvunzwa: Mazino emurwere ari kure zvakadii mugirazi?
Mhinduro:
Girazi rinoshandiswa girazi rakakombama here kana kuti girazi rakakombama? Mumubvunzo wakanyorwa kuitira kuti zino remurwere rigone kucheneswa zvinoonekwa zvakajeka dhani yakakura zvakakwana nachiremba Saka, girazi rinoshandiswa rinofanira kukwanisa kukudza mufananidzo wemazino emurwere uye mufananidzo unofanira kunge wakamira. Magirazi akasimba anogara achigadzira mufananidzo wakapinduka uye saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu. Kusiyana neizvi, girazi rakakombama rinogona kugadzira mufananidzo wakamira kana daro rechinhu (s) riri diki pane urefu hwefocal (f). Kana daro rechinhu rakakura pane urefu hwefocal (f), girazi rakakombama rinogadzira mufananidzo wakapinduka.
Kureba kwegirazi rakakombama (f) i4 cm, saka mazino emurwere anofanira kunge ari pasi pe4 cm pamberi pegirazi rakakombama.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.

3. Girazi rakakombama rine denderedzwa re 24 cm. Kana chinhu chikaiswa 20 cm pamberi pegirazi, mufananidzo unoburitswa unova...

1. chaiyo, yakatwasuka uye yakakura
2. chaiyo, yakapindurwa uye yakakura
3. chaiyo, yakatwasuka uye yakakura
4. chaiyo, yakapindurwa uye yakaderedzwa

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Nharaunda yekukombama (r) = 24 cm
Kureba kwefocal (f) = R/2 = 24/2 = +12 cm
Kureba kwegirazi rakakombama kwakanaka kana kuti kwechokwadi nekuti chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pegirazi rakakombama.
Kureba kwechinhu = 20 cm
Akabvunzwa: Hunhu hwemumvuri
Mhinduro:
Mufananidzo wacho uri wechokwadi here kana kuti uri wechokwadi? Kuti uzive, tanga waverenga daro remufananidzo (s'):
1/s + 1/s' = 1/f
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s
1/s' = 1/12 – 1/20
1/s' = 5/60 – 3/60
1/s' = 2/60
s' = 60/2
s' = 30 cm
Daro remumvuri rakanaka, zvichireva kuti mumvuri wacho ndewechokwadi nekuti chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pawo (enzanisa nemufananidzo uri padivi).

Mufananidzo wakakura here kana kuti wakaderedzwa? Mufananidzo wakamira here kana kuti wakachinja-chinja? Kuti uwane mhinduro, tanga waverenga kukura kwemufananidzo (M):
M = -s' / s = -30/20 = -1,5
M > 1 zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo wakakura, M inoreva kuti mufananidzo wakachinja-chinja (enzanisa nemufananidzo uri padivi). Saka hunhu hwemufananidzo ndehwechokwadi, hwakachinja-chinja, hwakakura
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

Girazi rakamonana

4. Chiedza chinowira pagirazi rakatenderedzwa munzira yakatarisana nechikamu chikuru chegirazi chicharatidzwa….

1. kuenda kunzvimbo yekutarisa girazi
2. sekunge uri panzvimbo yakatarisana negirazi
3. nepakati pegirazi rakakombama
4. yakatwasuka kuenda kugirazi

Kukurukurirana
Tarisa mufananidzo uri padivi.

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

5. Mutyairi wemudhudhudhu anoona mumvuri wemotokari iri kumashure kwake uri 1/6 yehukuru hwake chaihwo. Kana daro riri pakati pemutyairi nemotokari iri kumashure kwake riri mamita makumi matatu, girazi remudhudhudhu rinoshandisa girazi rine denderedzwa re...

1. 7,14 M
2. 8,57 M
3. 12,00 M
4. 24,00 M

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) = 1/6 kanomwe
Nhambwe yechinhu = mamita maviri
Akabvunzwa: Radius yekukombama kwegirazi rekumashure rakatenderedza (R)
Mhinduro:
Verenga daro remumvuri (s')
Nekuti kukura kwemufananidzo (M) uye daro rechinhu (s) zvinozivikanwa, daro remufananidzo rinogona kutsanangurwa uchishandisa fomura yekukura kwemufananidzo:

Chiratidzo chekuramba chinoreva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri wepaindaneti. Mufananidzo wacho uri shure kwemamita mashanu egirazi rakatenderedza.

Verenga urefu hwefocal (f)
Nekuti daro rechinhu (s) uye daro remufananidzo (s') zvinozivikanwa, urefu hwefocal hunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura yegirazi rakakombama:

Verenga nharaunda yekukombama (R)
Radius yekukombama kwegirazi rakatenderedzwa inopetwa kaviri kureba kwegirazi rakatenderedzwa.
R = 2 f = 2 (mamita matanhatu) = mamita gumi nemaviri
Radius yekukombama kwegirazi rekuona kumashure rakatenderedza i12 metres.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

Lenzi yeConvex

6. Chinhu chaicho chakamira chinoiswa pachinhambwe che50 cm kubva kune lenzi yakanaka ine urefu hwe25 cm. Hunhu hwemufananidzo unobuda ndehwekuti…..

1. chaiyo, yakapindurwa uye yakakura
2. chaiyo, yakatwasuka uye saizi yakafanana nechinhu chacho
3. chaiyo, yakatwasuka uye yakakura
4. chaiyo, yakapindurwa uye saizi yakafanana nechinhu chacho

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kureba kwechinhu = 50 cm
Kureba kwelenzi (f) = +25 cm
Kureba kwefocal kuri nani nekuti lenzi inoshandiswa i lenzi yakanaka kana kuti lenzi yakapinza.
Akabvunzwa: Hunhu hwemimvuri ndehwekuti…..
Mhinduro:
Mumvuri uripo paindaneti here kana kuti uri wechokwadi? Kuti uzive, tanga waverenga daro remumvuri:
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s
1/s' = 1/25 – 1/50
1/s' = 2/50 – 1/50
1/s' = 1/50
s' = 50/1
s' = 50 cm
Kureba kwemumvuri kwakanaka, zvichireva kuti mumvuri wacho ndewechokwadi nekuti chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pawo.

Mufananidzo wakakura here kana kuti wakaderedzwa? Mufananidzo wakamira here kana kuti wakachinja-chinja? Kuti uwane mhinduro, tanga waverenga kukura kwemufananidzo:
M = -s' / s = -50/50 = -1
M = 1 zvinoreva kuti mumvuri wakaenzana nehukuru hwechinhu chacho
M inoreva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakarerekera shure.

Saka hunhu hwemumvuri ndehwechokwadi, hwakapinduka uye hwakafanana nehukuru hwechinhu chacho.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.

Kwakabva mubvunzo:

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