Physics

1. Chii chinoita kuti simba rekukwevera pasi riwedzere nekuda kwesimba rinokwevera pasi pamusoro peMwedzi? Huremu hweMwedzi = 7.35 x 10 ²² kg, radius yeMwedzi i1.7 x 10 ⁶ m, Universal constant i6.67 x 10 ^-11 N m ² / kg ²

mhinduro

Fomura yemutemo wechipiri wekufamba waNewton :

Fomura yemutemo waNewton wesimba rinokwevera pasi rose :

G = chinhu chisingachinji, M = Huremu hwenyika, m = Huremu hwechinhu, r = Chinhambwe chiri pakati penyika nechinhu. Kana chinhu chiri pamusoro penyika, r = Radiyo yeNyika

Isa F muequation 1 naF muequation 2:

Chii chinonzi kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti pamusoro peMwedzi?

[irp]

2. Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti pamusoro peNyika ndiko g. PaR (R inzvimbo yePasi), kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti ndiko…

mhinduro

R = Radiyo yePasi. PaR pamusoro pePasi = pa2R pamusoro pepakati pePasi.

PaR pamusoro penyika, kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti = ¼ g. Kana g = 9.8 m/s ² , paR pamusoro penyika, kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti = 2.45 m/s ².

[wpdm_package id='947′]

1. Mutemo waNewton wematambudziko esimba rinokwevera pasi rose uye mhinduro dzawo
2. Simba resimba rinokwevera pasi, matambudziko ekurema, uye mhinduro
3. Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa nematambudziko egiravhiti nemhinduro
4. Matambudziko eGeosynchronous satellite uye mhinduro dzawo
5. Matambudziko emutemo waKepler nematambudziko ekugadzirisa matambudziko nemhinduro

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5 Simba regiravhiti Kurema - Matambudziko neMhinduro

1. Chii chinonzi simba regiravhiti rinoshanda pachinhu chiri pamusoro peNyika? Huremu hwenyika = 5.98 x 10 ²⁴ kg, huremu hwechinhu = 1000 kg, nharaunda yeNyika i6.38 x 10 ⁶ m.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu hwepasi (m _E ) = 5.98 x 10 ²⁴ kg

Huremu hwechinhu (m _o ) = 1000 kg

Nharaunda yePasi (r _E ) = 6.38 x 10 ⁶ m

Chisingachinji chepasi rose (G) = 6.67 x 10 ^-11 N m ² / kg ²

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 9.8 m/s ²

Kudiwa: Simba reGravity

Solution:

w = huremu, F = simba, G = chinhu chisingachinji, m _E = Huremu hwePasi , m _o = Huremu hwechinhu , r = chinhambwe chiri pakati pepakati pePasi nechinhu.

Chinhu chiri pamusoro peNyika, saka r = t iyo radius yeNyika

Kurema kwechinhu ( mutemo wechipiri waNewton wekufamba ):

w = mg

w = (1000 kg)(9.8 m/s ² )

w = 9800 N

[irp]

2. Chii chinonzi simba regiravhiti rinoshanda pachinhu chiri pamamita zviuru gumi pamusoro penyika? Huremu hwenyika = 5.98 x 10 ²⁴ kg, huremu hwechinhu = 1000 kg, nharaunda yeNyika ndeye 6.38 x 10 ⁶ m.

Solution:

3. Huremu hwemuchadenga ndi w. Kana D = dhayamita yePasi, tsvaga huremu hwemuchadenga kana muchadenga uri pa2D pamusoro pePasi.

Zvinozivikanwa:

D = Dhayamita yePasi,

R = nharaunda yePasi

1 D = 2 R, 2 D = 4 R

Zvinodiwa: huremu hwemuchadenga pa2D pamusoro penyika?

Solution:

[irp]

4. Chiyero chehukuru hwepuraneti A nepuraneti B i2 : 3, ukuwo chiyero cheradius yepuraneti A nepuraneti B chiri 1 : 2. Kana huremu hwechinhu chiri papuraneti A huri w, huremu hwechinhu chiri papuraneti B chii.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu hwepuraneti A (m _A ) = 2

Huremu hwepuraneti B (m _B ) = 3

Nharaunda yepasi A (r _A ) = 1

Nharaunda yepasi B (r _B ) = 2

Huremu hwechinhu = m

Kurema kwechinhu chiri pasi pano A = w

Zvinodiwa: Kurema kwechinhu papuraneti B

Solution:

Kuenzanisa kwesimba rehuremu kubva kumutemo waNewton wegiravhiti:

w = huremu, G = simba rinokwevera pasi, M = huremu hwepuraneti, m = huremu hwechinhu, r = chinhambwe chiri pakati pechinhu nepuraneti. Kana chinhu chiri pamusoro pepuraneti chiri pamusoro pepuraneti r = radius yepuraneti.

Kurema kwechinhu papuraneti A:

Kurema kwechinhu papuraneti B:

Huremu hwechinhu hwakafanana saka zvinotsiva m ne w/2G.

[irp]

5. Roketi ine huremu hwe w inoburitswa yakatwasuka kubva pamusoro peNyika. D ndiyo dhayamita yeNyika. Kana roketi iri pakakwirira kwe0.5 D pamusoro peNyika, saka huremu hweroketi chii.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kurema kweroketi = w

Nharaunda yeNyika = daro kubva pakati peNyika = R

Dhayamita yeNyika = D = 2R

Zvinodiwa: Huremu hweroketi kana roketi iri pakakwirira kwe0.5 D pamusoro penyika.

Solution:

0.5 D = 0.5 (2R) = R

Kureba kweroketi kubva pakati peNyika = nharaunda yeNyika + nharaunda yeroketi kubva pamusoro peNyika = R + R = 2R

Kurema isimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rinoita basa pachinhu. Simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi (F) rinoenderana nechikamu chedaro kubva pakati penyika (R) zvekuti uremu hwacho hunoenderana nechikamu chedaro.

1. Mutemo waNewton wematambudziko esimba rinokwevera pasi rose uye mhinduro dzawo
2. Simba resimba rinokwevera pasi, matambudziko ekurema, uye mhinduro
3. Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa nematambudziko egiravhiti nemhinduro
4. Matambudziko eGeosynchronous satellite uye mhinduro dzawo
5. Matambudziko emutemo waKepler nematambudziko ekugadzirisa matambudziko nemhinduro

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1. Kureba kwelenzi yemaziso ndeye 400 cm uye kureba kwelenzi yemaziso ndeye 20 cm. Kana ziso rakasununguka , sarudza:

a) Kukura kwese kweteresikopu (M)

b) daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi ine chinangwa ( d _ob '),

c) _daro remufananidzo kubva pane lenzi yemaziso ( doc ₎

d) daro riri pakati pemagirazi

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwe lenzi yekutarisa (f _ob ) = 400 cm

Kureba kwelenzi yemaziso ( foc ₎ = 20 _cm

Ziso rinozorora kuitira kuti mufananidzo chaiwo unogadzirwa ne lenzi iri panzvimbo yakatarisana ne lenzi iri panzvimbo yakatarisana ne lenzi iri uye nzvimbo yekutanga yakatarisana ne lenzi yemaziso.

Solution:

a) Kukura kwese (M)

M = f _ob / _{fo c}

M = 400 cm / 20 cm = 20 X

Mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta uye wakapindurwa.

b) Chinhambwe chemufananidzo kubva kune lenzi chaiyo ( d _ob ')

Kana ziso rakasununguka, daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi chaiyo ( d _ob ') = kureba kwelenzi chaiyo ( f _ob ) = 400 cm = 4 m.

c) Kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo kubva pane lenzi _yemaziso ( doc ₎

Kana ziso rakasununguka, daro remufananidzo chaiwo nelenzi yemaziso (s _{o c} ) = kureba kwefocal lenzi yemaziso (f _oc ) = 20 cm = 0.2 m.

d) Kureba pakati pemagirazi

Kureba pakati pemalenzi = kureba kweteresikopu (l) = kureba kwefocal yelenzi inoonekwa (f _ob ) + kureba kwefocal yelenzi yemaziso (f _oc ) = 400 cm + 20 cm = 420 cm.

[irp]

2. Kureba pakati pe lenzi yemaziso ne lenzi yemaziso i20 cm . Kukura kwese kweteresikopu kana ziso rakasununguka i40X. Verenga urefu hwe focal lenzi yemaziso (fo _{c )} uye urefu hwe focal lenzi yemaziso (f _ob )

Zvinozivikanwa:

kureba kweteresikopu (l) = 20 cm

kukura kwese kweteresikopu (M) = 40

Solution:

Kana ziso rakasununguka, kureba kwelenzi yemaziso (f _oc ) + kureba kwelenzi yekutarisa (f _ob ) = kureba kweteresikopu (l)

fo _{o c} + f _ob = l

f _ob = l – _{fo c}

f _ob = 20 – fo _{c —–} > equation 1

Kukura kwese kweteresikopu (M):

M = f _ob / _{fo c}

f _ob = M _{fo c}

f _ob = 40 fo _{c —–} > equation 2

Kureba kwelenzi yemaziso :

Isa f _ob muequation 1 na f _ob muequation 2:

f _ob = 20 – _{fo c}

40 fo _{c =} 20 – _{fo c}

40 fo _{c +} fo _{c =} 20

41 fo _{c =} 20

fo _{c =} 20 cm / 41

fo _{c =} 0.5 cm

Kureba kwelenzi yemaziso = 0.5 cm.

Kureba kwelenzi yekutarisa :

f _ob = 20 – f _oc

f _ob = 20 – 0.5

f _ob = 19.5 cm

[wpdm_package id='876′]

1. Matambudziko egirazi reConcave uye mhinduro dzaro
2. Matambudziko egirazi reConvex uye mhinduro dzaro
3. Matambudziko akasiyana-siyana e lens uye mhinduro dzawo
4. Kusangana matambudziko nemhinduro dzema lenzi
5. Zvishandiso zvemaziso matambudziko emaziso evanhu uye mhinduro dzawo
6. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzemalenzi ekuonana nemidziyo yemaziso
7. Magirazi emaziso ezvishandiso zvemaziso
8. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinosimudzira matambudziko egirazi uye mhinduro dzazvo
9. Maikorosikopu yezvishandiso zveOptical - matambudziko nemhinduro
10. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzematelesikopu ezvishandiso zveOptical

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1. Kureba kwelenzi yekutarisa i2 cm uye kureba kwelenzi yekuona i5 cm. Kureba kuri pakati pelenzi yekutarisa nelenzi yekuona i30 cm. Sarudza kukura kwese uye daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa kana ziso rakasununguka.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwe lenzi yekutarisa (f _ob ) = 2 cm

Kureba kwelenzi yemaziso (f _oc ) = 5 cm

Kureba pakati pemagirazi (l) = 30 cm

Nzvimbo iri pedyo (N) = 25 cm

Solution:

(a) kuwedzera kwese

Fomura yekukudza kwese:

M = m _ob M _oc

M = kukura kwese, m _ob = kukura kwe lenzi yekutarisa, M _oc = kukura kwe angular yemaziso

Kukura kwe lenzi yekutarisa kana ziso rakasununguka (m _ob ):

Kureba kwemufananidzo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (d _ob '):

d _ob ' = l – f _oc = 30 cm – 5 cm = 25 cm

Kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi yechinangwa (d _ob ):

Lenzi ine chinangwa igirazi rinobatana saka urefu hwefocal hune chiratidzo chekuti plus.

Kureba kwemufananidzo kune chiratidzo chekuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi kana kuti mwaranzi inopfuura nemumufananidzo.

Kukura kwe lenzi yechinangwa :

Kukura kwemaziso kana ziso rakasununguka (M _ok ):

M _oc = N / f _oc = 25 cm / 5 cm = 5X

Kukura kwese:

M = m _ob M _oc = (12.5)(5) = 62.5X

(b) Chinhambwe chechinhu kubva kune lenzi chaiyo (d _ob )

Kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi i2 cm.

[irp]

2. Maikorosikopu ine chinhu che5X objective ne 20X ocular. Daro riri pakati pemalenzi i15 cm. (a) Sarudza kukura kwese kana ziso rakasununguka (b) sarudza urefu hwe focal lens ye ocular (c) urefu hwe focal lens ye objective

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kukura kwe lenzi ine chinangwa (m _ob ) = 5X

Kukura kwelenzi yemaziso ( _Moc ) = 20X

Nzvimbo iri pedyo (N) = 25 cm

Kureba pakati pemagirazi (l) = 15 cm

Solution:

(a) Kukura kwese (M)

M = m _ob M _oc

M = (5)(20) = 100X

(b) Kureba kwelenzi yemaziso (f _oc )

Fomura yekuwedzera kwelenzi yemaziso (M _oc ) kana ziso rakasununguka:

M _oc = N / fo _oc

Kureba kwelenzi yemaziso:

f _oc = N / M _oc = 25 cm / 20 = 1.25 cm

(c) kureba kwelenzi yekutarisa (f _ob )

Nzira yekuwedzera lenzi yekutarisa kana ziso rakasununguka:

Kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (d _ob '):

d _ob ' = l – f _oc = 15 cm – 1.25 cm = 13.75 cm

Kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi yechinangwa (d _ob ):

Kureba kwelenzi yekutarisa (f _ob ):

Kureba kwe lenzi yekutarisa = 2.29 cm

3. Kureba kwelenzi yekutarisa chinhu i 0.9 cm uye kureba kwelenzi yekuona i 2.5 cm. Maikorosikopu inoshandiswa neziso rakajairika pasina kupindirana uye kukura kwese kunosvika ka90. Sarudza daro riri pakati pechinhu nelenzi yekutarisa chinhu. N = 25 cm.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwe lenzi yekutarisa (f _ob ) = 0.9 cm

Kureba kwelenzi yemaziso (f _ok ) = 2,5 cm

Kukura kwese (M) = ka90

Nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika (N) = 25 cm

Kugara kwemaziso kushoma.

Chinodiwa: Daro riri pakati pechinhu nelenzi yechinangwa (s _ob )

Solution:

Equation yehukuru hwe angular hwese kana accommodation iri shoma:

Verenga daro rechinhu chiri pamusoro pe lenzi inonanga (s _ob ) uchishandisa equation yehukama huri pakati pehurefu hwe lenzi inonanga (f _ob ), daro riri pakati pechinhu ne lenzi inonanga (s _ob ) uye daro riri pakati pemufananidzo ne lenzi inonanga (s _ob '):

4. Kureba kwelenzi yekutarisa chinhu i1.8 cm uye kureba kwelenzi yekuona i6 cm. Maikorosikopu inoshandiswa neziso rakajairika pasina kupindirana, kureba kuri pakati pelenzi yekutarisa chinhu nelenzi yekuona i24 cm. Sarudza daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa chinhu.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwe lenzi yekutarisa (f _ob ) = 1.8 cm

Kureba kwelenzi yemaziso (f _ok ) = 6 cm

Kureba pakati pe lenzi yekutarisa ne lenzi yemaziso = kureba kwemaikorosikopu (l) = 24 cm

Pekugara ishoma.

Chinodiwa: Kureba pakati pechinhu ne lenzi yechinangwa (s _ob )

Solution:

Kana nzvimbo iri shoma, daro riri pakati pemufananidzo wekupedzisira nelenzi yemaziso harina magumo, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.

Kureba kuri pakati pe lenzi ine chinangwa ne lenzi yemaziso (l) = kureba kwe lenzi ine chinangwa (f _ok ) + kureba kuri pakati pemufananidzo ne lenzi ine chinangwa (s _ob ').

s _ob ' = l – f _ok = 24 cm – 6 cm = 18 cm

Verenga daro riri pakati pechinhu ne lenzi inonanga (s _ob ) uchishandisa equation yehukama huri pakati pehurefu hwe lenzi inonanga (f _ob ), daro riri pakati pechinhu ne lenzi inonanga (s _ob ) uye daro riri pakati pemufananidzo ne lenzi inonanga (s _ob '):

Kureba pakati pechinhu chacho nelenzi yekutarisa chinhu i2 cm.

[wpdm_package id='874′]

1. Matambudziko egirazi reConcave uye mhinduro dzaro
2. Matambudziko egirazi reConvex uye mhinduro dzaro
3. Matambudziko akasiyana-siyana e lens uye mhinduro dzawo
4. Kusangana matambudziko nemhinduro dzema lenzi
5. Zvishandiso zvemaziso matambudziko emaziso evanhu uye mhinduro dzawo
6. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzemalenzi ekuonana nemidziyo yemaziso
7. Magirazi emaziso ezvishandiso zvemaziso
8. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinosimudzira matambudziko egirazi uye mhinduro dzazvo
9. Maikorosikopu yezvishandiso zveOptical - matambudziko nemhinduro
10. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzematelesikopu ezvishandiso zveOptical

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1. Chinhu chakareba 2 mm chinoiswa 10 cm kubva pagirazi rinokudza . Pedyo nenzvimbo N = 25 cm. Sarudza kukura kwekona uye kukwirira kwemufananidzo.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwechinhu (h _o ) = 2 mm

Nzvimbo iri pedyo (N) = 25 cm

Kureba kwechinhu (do _o ) = 10 cm

Zvinodiwa: Kukura kwekona (M) uye kukwirira kwemufananidzo (h _i )

Solution:

M = N / s

M = 25 cm / 10 cm

M = 2.5

Kureba kwemufananidzo = 2.5 x 2 mm = 5 mm.

2. Lenzi ine urefu hwe 25 cm inoshandiswa segirazi rinokudza. Sarudza (a) kukura kwekona kana ziso rakatarisa panzvimbo yaro iri pedyo N = 25 cm (b) kukura kwekona kana ziso rakasununguka.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Nzvimbo iri pedyo (N) = 25 cm

Kureba kwegirazi rinokudza (f) = 25 cm

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti lenzi iyi igirazi rinobatana.

Solution:

(a) kukura kwekona kana ziso rakatarisa panzvimbo yaro iri pedyo N = 25 cm

M = (N/f) + 1

M = (25 cm / 25 cm) + 1

M = 1 + 1

M = 2 X

Kana kukwirira kwechinhu chiri 1 cm, kukwirira kwemufananidzo kuri 2 x 1 cm = 2 cm.

(b) kukwidziridzwa kwekona kana ziso rakasununguka

M = N / f

M = (25 cm / 25 cm)

M = 1 X

Kana kukwirira kwechinhu chiri 1 cm, kukwirira kwemufananidzo kuri 1 x 1 cm = 1 cm.

3. Chinhu chakareba 1 cm chinoiswa pamberi pe lenzi ine urefu hwe 10 cm. Sarudza (a) kukwirira kwemufananidzo kana ziso rakatarisa panzvimbo yaro iri pedyo N = 25 cm (b) Kureba kwemufananidzo kana ziso rakasununguka.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwechinhu (h _o ) = 1 cm

Kureba kwefocal (f) = 10 cm

Nzvimbo iri pedyo (N) = 25 cm

Solution:

(a) Kureba kwemufananidzo kana ziso rakatarisa panzvimbo yaro iri pedyo N = 25 cm

M = (N/f) + 1

M = (25 cm / 10 cm) + 1

M = 2.5 + 1

M = 3.5 X

Kana kukwirira kwechinhu chiri 1 cm, kukwirira kwemufananidzo kuri 3.5 x 1 cm = 3.5 cm.

(b) Kureba kwemufananidzo kana ziso rakasununguka.

M = N/f

M = 25 cm / 10 cm

M = 2.5 X

Kana kukwirira kwechinhu chiri 1 cm, kukwirira kwemufananidzo kuri 2.5 x 1 cm = 2.5 cm.

4. Kukura kwekona kana ziso rakasununguka = ​​5X. Kana iri pedyo nenzvimbo = 25 cm, kureba kwegirazi rinokudza zvinhu ndekupi?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwechinhu (h _o ) = 2 mm

Kukura kwekona (M) = 5X

Nzvimbo iri pedyo (N) = 25 cm

Zvinodiwa: Hurefu hwefocal

Solution:

Fomura yekuwedzera kwekona kana ziso rakasununguka:

M = N/f

5 = 25 cm / f

f = 25 cm / 5

f = 5 cm

Kureba kwegirazi rinokudza = 5 cm.

5. Chinhu chinoonekwa nemunhu ane girazi rinokudza zvinhu rine urefu hwe15 cm. Kana nzvimbo iri pedyo nemaziso emunhu = 30 cm, saka tarisa kukura kwegirazi rinokudza zvinhu.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika (N) = 30 cm

Kureba kwegirazi rinokudza (f) = 15 cm (pamwe nechiratidzo chekuti girazi riri kuungana)

Zvinodiwa: kukura kwakanyanya

Solution:

Kukura kwepamusoro kunoitika kana nzvimbo yeziso iri pamusoro. Kukura kwegirazi rinokudza kwekona kunoitika kana nzvimbo yeziso iri pamusoro:

M = (N/f) + 1

M = (30 cm / 15 cm) + 1

M = 2 + 1

M = katatu

6. Girazi rinokudza rine simba rekuona rema diopters makumi maviri rinoshandiswa nemunhu ane maziso akajairwa e25 cm. Kana nzvimbo yacho iri shoma, sarudza kukura kushoma.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Pedyo nepaziso remazuva ose (N) = 25 cm

Simba regirazi rinokudza (P) = 20 diopters

Zvinodiwa: Kukura kudiki

Solution:

Kureba kwegirazi rinokudza zvinhu:

P = 1/f

20 = 1/f

f = 1/20

f = 0.05 mamita

f = 5 cm

Kukura kwekona kana nzvimbo yekugara iri shoma:

M = N / f

M = (25 cm / 5 cm)

M = kashanu

[wpdm_package id='872′]

1. Matambudziko egirazi reConcave uye mhinduro dzaro
2. Matambudziko egirazi reConvex uye mhinduro dzaro
3. Matambudziko akasiyana-siyana e lens uye mhinduro dzawo
4. Kusangana matambudziko nemhinduro dzema lenzi
5. Zvishandiso zvemaziso matambudziko emaziso evanhu uye mhinduro dzawo
6. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzemalenzi ekuonana nemidziyo yemaziso
7. Magirazi emaziso ezvishandiso zvemaziso
8. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinosimudzira matambudziko egirazi uye mhinduro dzazvo
9. Maikorosikopu yezvishandiso zveOptical - matambudziko nemhinduro
10. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzematelesikopu ezvishandiso zveOptical

Read more

1. Simba regirazi remaziso i -2 Diopters. Daro riri pakati peziso negirazi remaziso i 2 cm.

(a) Girazi remaziso rine lenzi inoungana kana lenzi inopatsanurana?

(b) Ndeupi urefu hwegirazi rinotarisisa zvinhu?

(c) Ziso rinoona zviri pedyo kana kuti ziso rinoona zviri kure? Kana richiona zviri kure, chii chichava chinangwa chikuru?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Simba reLenzi (P) = -2 Diopters

Solution:

(a) Lenzi inochinja-chinja kana lenzi inochinja-chinja

Chiratidzo chekusashanda kwelenzi chinoratidza kuti lenzi yekuonana iri lenzi yakasiyana.

(b) Kureba kwenzvimbo yakatarisana

P = 1/f

-2 = 1/f

f = 1/-2 = -0.5 m = -50 cm

Kureba kwefocal ye lens inoparadzanisa ndeye 50 cm.

(c) Ziso rinoona zviri pedyo kana kuti ziso rinoona zviri kure?

-1/ di _i = 1/f – 1/ do _o

-1/ d _i = -1/50 – 1/~ = -1/50 – 0

-1/ d _i = -1/50

d _i = 50 cm

Kureba kwemufananidzo i5 0 cm + 2 cm = 52 cm . 52 cm ndiyo nzvimbo iri kure yeziso rinoona zviri kure. Kune ziso rakajairika, nzvimbo iri kure haigumi.

[irp]

2. Simba regirazi remaziso i4 Diopters. Daro riri pakati peziso negirazi remaziso i2 cm.

(a) Girazi remaziso rine lenzi inotenderera kana lenzi inoparadzanisa?

(b) Ndeipi nzvimbo yakatarisana negirazi?

(c) Ziso rinoona zviri pedyo kana kuti ziso rinoona zviri kure ? Kana rikaonekwa zviri pedyo, chii chichava pedyo?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Simba relenzi (P) = 4 Diopters

Solution:

(a) Lenzi inochinja-chinja kana lenzi inochinja-chinja

Chiratidzo chakanaka chesimba relenzi chinoratidza kuti lenzi yekuonana iri kusangana nelenzi.

(b) Kureba kwenzvimbo yakatarisana

P = 1/f

4 = 1/f

f = 1/4 = 0.25 m = 25 cm

Kureba kwefocal kwelenzi inoungana ndeye 25 cm.

(c) Ziso rinoona zviri pedyo kana kuti ziso rinoona zviri kure?

-1/ di _i = 1/f – 1/ do _o

_-1 / di = 1/25 – 1/23 = 23/575 – 25/575 = -2/575

– d _i = 575/-2 = -287.5 cm = -2.875 m eters

d _i = 287.5 cm = 2.875 mamita s

Kureba kwemufananidzo i287.5 cm + 2 cm = 289.5 cm . 289.5 cm ndiyo nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rinoonekwa . Kune ziso rakajairika, nzvimbo iri pedyo i25 cm.

3. Ziso rine nzvimbo iri pedyo ne16 cm uye nzvimbo iri kure ye80 cm. Kana akashandisa magirazi, anogona kuona zvinhu zviri kure zvakajeka. Achishandisa girazi, daro rechinhu chiri pedyo rinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka ndere….

A. 13 1/3 cm

B. 20 cm

C. 36 cm

Kureba 48 1/3 cm

Zvinozivikanwa:

Nzvimbo iri kure yemunhu ndeye 80 cm, saka, zvinogumiswa kuti munhu wacho ari kutambura nekuona zviri pedyo. Kuona zviri pedyo kunokonzerwa negirazi reziso kwakakombama kupfuura zvakunofanira kunge zvakaita muziso rakajairika saka kureba kwegirazi reziso kunoderedzwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti chiedza chinobva panzvimbo isingaperi (kure) chisatariswe pa retina asi chakatarisana nemberi kwe retina.

Chinodiwa: Kureba kwechinhu chiri pedyo kunogona kuonekwa zvakajeka uchishandisa magirazi

Solution:

Nzvimbo yekure yemunhu ndeye 80 cm. Lenzi yegirazi remaziso inofanira kugadzira mufananidzo uri kure kwe 80 cm pamberi payo. Mufananidzo uri pamberi pemaziso uye lenzi yegirazi kuitira kuti mufananidzo uve wakatwasuka uye wakatwasuka. Saka daro remufananidzo (d') = -80 cm. Kana munhu akapfeka girazi remaziso, anogona kuona zvinhu zviri kure zvakanyanya zvakajeka. Saka daro rechinhu (d) = nzvimbo yekure yeziso rakajairika = infinity = ~.

Kureba kwegirazi reziso:

1/f = 1/d + 1/d'

1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/80)

1/f = 0 – 1/80

1/f = – 1/80

f = – 80 / 1

f = – 80 cm

Kureba kwefocal kwakanyorwa negative kunoreva kuti lenzi yegirazi remaziso rinoshandiswa i lenzi yakakombama kana lenzi yakatsauka.

Kana munhu achishandisa lenzi imwe chete yegirazi remaziso, saka chinhu chiri pedyo zvikuru chinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka chiri pedyo zvakadii? Kureba kwelenzi (f) = -80 cm. Lenzi inofanira kugadzira mufananidzo uri kure ne16 cm pamberi peziso nelenzi, kuitira kuti mufananidzo uve chaiwo uye wakanyorwa kuti hauna kunaka. Saka daro remufananidzo (d') = -16 cm.

1 / d = 1 / f – 1 / d' = -1/80 – (-1/16) = -1/80 + 1/16 = -1/80 + 5/80 = 4/80

d = 80/4 = 20 cm.

Chinhu chiri pedyo chinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka i20 cm.

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

4. Zvichibva pamufananidzo, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti…

Solution:

Ziso rinoona zviri kure	Ziso rinoona zviri kure + lenzi inoungana

Lenzi inobatana = lenzi yakakombama = lenzi yakanaka

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

5. Nzvimbo iri pedyo nemunhu ane hypermetropy i2 m. Kuti aone munhu ane maziso akakwana, munhu wacho anofanira kushandisa magirazi emaziso…

A. -1.5 Diopters

B. -2.5 Diopters

C. +3.5 Diopters

D. +4.5 Diopters

Zvinozivikanwa:

Nzvimbo iri pedyo yevanhu vane hypermetropy (kuona zviri kure) = mamita maviri

Nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika = 25 cm = 0.25 metres

Zvinodiwa: Simba remagirazi egirazi

Solution:

Lenzi inofanira kugadzira mufananidzo uri kure nemamita maviri pamberi peziso kuitira kuti mufananidzo uve chaiwo uye wakanyorwa kuti hauna kunaka. Saka daro remufananidzo (d') = – mamita maviri.

Kuti munhu aone semunhu ane ziso rakajairwa, daro rechinhu (d) = nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairwa = 25 cm = 0.25 metres.

Kureba kwegirazi remaziso:

1/f = 1/d + 1/d'

1/f = 1/0.25 + (-1/2) = 1/0.25 – 1/2 = 8/2 – 1/2 = 7/2

f = 2/7

Kureba kwegirazi kwakaratidza kuti kune lenzi yegirazi inoshandiswa igirazi rine lenzi yakanaka kana kuti lenzi ine convex kana lenzi inoungana.

Simba relenzi:

P = 1 / f = 1: 2/7 = 1 x 7/2 = 7/2 = +3.5 Diopters

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeinoti C.

[wpdm_package id='870′]

1. Matambudziko egirazi reConcave uye mhinduro dzaro
2. Matambudziko egirazi reConvex uye mhinduro dzaro
3. Matambudziko akasiyana-siyana e lens uye mhinduro dzawo
4. Kusangana matambudziko nemhinduro dzema lenzi
5. Zvishandiso zvemaziso matambudziko emaziso evanhu uye mhinduro dzawo
6. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzemalenzi ekuonana nemidziyo yemaziso
7. Magirazi emaziso ezvishandiso zvemaziso
8. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinosimudzira matambudziko egirazi uye mhinduro dzazvo
9. Maikorosikopu yezvishandiso zveOptical - matambudziko nemhinduro
10. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzematelesikopu ezvishandiso zveOptical

Read more

1. Simba remalenzi ekuonana (contact lens) i5 D iopt ers.

(a) Lenzi yekuonana igirazi rinobatana kana kuti lenzi rinopatsanurana?

(b) Ndeipi nzvimbo inoonekwa negirazi rekuonana (contact lens)?

(c) Ziso rinoona zviri pedyo kana kuti ziso rinoona zviri kure ? Kana riri ziso rinoona zviri pedyo, chii chichava pedyo?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Simba reLenzi (P) = -5 D

Solution:

(a) Lenzi inochinja-chinja kana lenzi inochinja-chinja?

Chiratidzo chekusashanda zvakanaka kwelenzi chinoratidza kuti lenzi yekuonana ndiyo lenzi inochinja-chinja.

(b) Kureba kwenzvimbo yakatarisana?

P = 1/f

-5 = 1/f

f = 1/-5 = -0.2 m = -20 cm

Kureba kwefocal ye lens inoparadzanisa ndeye 20 cm.

(c) Ziso rinoona zviri pedyo kana kuti ziso rinoona zviri kure?

-1/ di _i = 1/f – 1/ do _o

-1/ d _i = -1/20 – 1/~ = -1/20 – 0

-1/ d _i = -1/20

d _i = 20 cm

Kureba kwemufananidzo i20 cm. 20 cm ndiyo nzvimbo iri kure yeziso rinoona zviri kure. Kune ziso rakajairika, nzvimbo iri kure haigumi.

[irp]

2. Simba regirazi rekuonana i1.5 Diopters.

(a) Lenzi yekuonana igirazi rinobatana kana kuti lenzi rinopatsanurana?

(b) Ndeipi nzvimbo inoonekwa negirazi rekuonana (focal lens )?

(c) Ziso rinoona zviri pedyo kana kuti ziso rinoona zviri kure? Kana riri ziso rinoona zviri kure, chii chichava kure?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Simba reLenzi (P) = 1.5 Diopters

Solution:

(a) lenzi inobatana kana lenzi inopatsanurana

Chiratidzo chakanaka chesimba relenzi chinoratidza kuti lenzi yekuonana iri kusangana nelenzi.

(b) Kureba kwenzvimbo yakatarisana

P = 1/f

1.5 = 1/f

f = 1/ 1.5 = 0.67 m = 67 cm

Kureba kwefocal kwelenzi inoungana ndeye 67 cm.

(c) Ziso rinoona zviri pedyo kana ziso rinoona zviri kure

-1/ di _i = 1/f – 1/ do _o

_-1 / di = 1/67 – 1/25 = 25/1675 – 67/1675 = -42/1675

– d _i = -1675/42 = -40 cm = -0.40 m

d _i = 40 cm

Kureba kwemufananidzo i40 cm. 20 cm iri pedyo nepanotangira ziso rinoona zviri kure. Kune ziso rakajairika, panotangira mufananidzo i25 cm.

[wpdm_package id='868′]

1. Matambudziko egirazi reConcave uye mhinduro dzaro
2. Matambudziko egirazi reConvex uye mhinduro dzaro
3. Matambudziko akasiyana-siyana e lens uye mhinduro dzawo
4. Kusangana matambudziko nemhinduro dzema lenzi
5. Zvishandiso zvemaziso matambudziko emaziso evanhu uye mhinduro dzawo
6. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzemalenzi ekuonana nemidziyo yemaziso
7. Magirazi emaziso ezvishandiso zvemaziso
8. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinosimudzira matambudziko egirazi uye mhinduro dzazvo
9. Maikorosikopu yezvishandiso zveOptical - matambudziko nemhinduro
10. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzematelesikopu ezvishandiso zveOptical

Read more

1. Ziso rakajairika rine nzvimbo iri kure zvikuru. Kureba kwegirazi reziso i2.5 cm. Sarudza (a) daro remufananidzo (b) simba regirazi.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwelenzi yeziso (f) = daro riri pakati pe cornea ne retina = +2.5 cm ( Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza lenzi iri kusangana ).

Daro rechinhu ( do _o ) = kusaguma

Zvinodiwa : daro remufananidzo ( di _i )

Solution:

(a) daro remufananidzo

1/f = 1/ do _o + 1/ di _i

f = kureba kwefocal , do _o = daro rechinhu , d _i = daro remufananidzo

1/ di ₌ 1/f – 1/ do _o = 1 / 2.5 – 1 / ~ = 1 / 2.5 – 0

1/ d _i = 1 / 2.5

d _i = 2.5 cm = 0.025 mamita

Kana daro rechinhu riri risingaperi, daro remufananidzo (d _i ) = kureba kwefocal (f)

(b) simba regirazi

P = 1/f = 1/ 0.025 m = 40 Muzvishandiso

[irp]

2. Ziso rakajairika rine poindi ye25 cm. Daro remufananidzo rakafanana nedaro riri pakati pe cornea ne retina = 2.5 cm. Sarudza (a) urefu hwe focal (b) simba re lenzi

Zvinozivikanwa:

Daro rechinhu ( do _o ) = 25 cm

Daro remufananidzo ( di _i ) = 2.5 cm

Solution:

(a) kureba kwenzvimbo yakatarisana (f)

1/f = 1/ do _o + 1/ di _i

1/f = 1/25 + 1/2,5 = 1/25 + 10/25 = 11/25

f = 2.27 cm = 0.0227 m

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza lenzi iri kusangana.

(b) simba regirazi (P)

P = 1/f = 1/ 0.0227 = 44 Muzvisarudzo

3. Chimwe chezvishandiso zvemaziso maziso evanhu . Sarudza hunhu hwemufananidzo unogadzirwa nemaziso evanhu…

A. Chaiye, chakatwasuka

B. Chaiye, chakapindurwa

C. Zviri paindaneti, zvakamira

D. Virtual, yakapindurwa

mhinduro

Nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika i25 cm. Nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso ndiyo nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso apo chinhu chakanyatsotarisa pa retina panguva yakakwana. Dhayamita reziso remunhu idiki pane 25 cm saka kureba kwelenzi yeziso kudikiwo pane 25 cm. Saka, daro rechinhu (d) rinofanira kunge rakakura kupfuura kureba kwelenzi yeziso (f).

Lenzi yeziso igirazi rakamonana. Saka mufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi reziso une hunhu hwakafanana nemufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi rakamonana. Hunhu hwemufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi reziso kana daro rechinhu (s) riri guru kupfuura urefu hwefocal (f):

chaiyo, yakapindurwa, diki

Mufananidzo wacho unofanira kunge wakatarisa pa retina nekuti retina inoshandura mafungu echiedza kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi zvinotumirwa kuuropi. Kunyangwe mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa, uropi hwemunhu hunoutenderedza kuti zvinhu zvinoonekwa neziso zvimire zvakanaka.

Kana ukaona muti uri kure, muti wacho unoita semudiki pane saizi yawo chaiyo. Izvi zvinoenderana nehunhu hwemufananidzo wakaderera.

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeinoti A.

4. Ziso rinogona kuona chinhu kana mufananidzo wacho wakatarisana ne retina uko hunhu hwemufananidzo huri…

A. Zviri pachena, zvakatwasuka, zvakakura

B. Zviri paindaneti, zvakapindurwa, zvidiki

C. Chaiyo, yakapindurwa, diki

D. Chaiyo, yakatwasuka, diki

mhinduro
– Lenzi yeziso igirazi rakamonana, saka, hunhu hwemufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi reziso hwakafanana nehunhu hwemufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi rakamonana.

– Nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika kana kuti daro riri pedyo rinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka nemaziso i25 cm. Mabhora emaziso madiki zvekuti radius yekukombama uye urefu hwefocal lens yeziso hudiki pane 25 cm. Saka zvinogona kugumiswa kuti daro rechinhu rakakura kupfuura urefu hwefocal.

– Kana daro rechinhu riri guru pane urefu hwefocal, saka hunhu hwemufananidzo unoumbwa neziso remunhu pa retina ndehwechokwadi, hwakatenderedzwa, uye hudiki. Kunyangwe mufananidzo wacho wakatenderedzwa, uropi hunoutendeudza wakamira sezvatinouona.

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeinoti C.

[wpdm_package id='866′]

1. Matambudziko egirazi reConcave uye mhinduro dzaro
2. Matambudziko egirazi reConvex uye mhinduro dzaro
3. Matambudziko akasiyana-siyana e lens uye mhinduro dzawo
4. Kusangana matambudziko nemhinduro dzema lenzi
5. Zvishandiso zvemaziso matambudziko emaziso evanhu uye mhinduro dzawo
6. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzemalenzi ekuonana nemidziyo yemaziso
7. Magirazi emaziso ezvishandiso zvemaziso
8. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinosimudzira matambudziko egirazi uye mhinduro dzazvo
9. Maikorosikopu yezvishandiso zveOptical - matambudziko nemhinduro
10. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzematelesikopu ezvishandiso zveOptical

Read more

1. Chinhu chakareba masendimita mashanu chinoiswa 5 cm kubva pane lenzi ine urefu hwemasentimita gumi nemashanu . Sarudza daro remufananidzo , kukura kwemufananidzo, kukwirira kwemufananidzo uye hunhu hwemufananidzo.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwefocal (f) = 15 cm

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti nzvimbo iri pamberi pechinhu ndechechokwadi kana kuti mwaranzi inopfuura nepakati pechinhu.

Kureba kwechinhu (h _o ) = 5 cm

Daro rechinhu ( do _o ) = 5 cm

Zvinodiwa : daro remufananidzo , kukura kwemufananidzo , kukwirira kwemufananidzo uye hunhu hwemufananidzo

Solution:

Kugadzirwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi inosanganisa :

Kureba kwemufananidzo ( di _i ):

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do _o = 1/15 – 1/5 = 1/15 – 3/15 = _-2/15

d _i = -15/2 = -7.5 cm

Chiratidzo che "minus" chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta kana kuti mwaranzi haipfuuri nepamufananidzo.

Kukura kwemufananidzo ( m ):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(-7.5)/5 = 7.5/5 = 1.5

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.

Kureba kwemufananidzo (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = m h _o = (1.5)5 = 10/3 = 7.5 cm

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.

Hunhu hwemufananidzo

- pamhepo

- yakatwasuka

- Mufananidzo wacho mukuru kupfuura chinhu chacho

- Kureba kwemufananidzo kwakakura kupfuura kureba kwechinhu

[irp]

2. Chinhu chakareba masendimita gumi chinoiswa 30 cm kubva pane lenzi ine urefu hwemasentimita makumi maviri . Sarudza daro remufananidzo, kukura kwemufananidzo, kukwirira kwemufananidzo uye hunhu hwemufananidzo.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwefocal (f) = 15 cm

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti nzvimbo iri pamberi pechinhu ndechechokwadi kana kuti mwaranzi inopfuura nepakati pechinhu.

Kureba kwechinhu (h) = 10 cm

Daro rechinhu (s) = 30 cm

Zvinodiwa: Kureba kwemufananidzo, kukura kwemufananidzo, kukwirira kwemufananidzo uye hunhu hwemufananidzo

Solution:

Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi inoungana:

Kureba kwemufananidzo ( di _i ):

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ _{do o} = _1/15 – 1/30 = 2/30 – 1/30 = 1/30

d _i = 30/1 = 30 cm

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi kana kuti mwaranzi inopfuura nemumufananidzo.

Kukura kwemufananidzo ( m ):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(30)/30 = -30/30 = -1

Chiratidzo chekusiya chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.

Kureba kwemufananidzo (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = m h _o = (-1)10 = -10 cm

Chiratidzo chekusiya chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.

Hunhu hwemufananidzo

- chaiyo kana kuti mwaranzi inopfuura nepamufananidzo

- yakapindurwa

- Kureba kwemufananidzo kwakafanana nekukwirira kwechinhu.

- Kureba kwemufananidzo kwakafanana nedaro rechinhu.

[irp]

3. Chinhu chakareba masendimita gumi chinoiswa 30 cm kubva pane lenzi ine urefu hwemasentimita makumi maviri . Sarudza daro remufananidzo, kukura kwemufananidzo, kukwirira kwemufananidzo uye hunhu hwemufananidzo.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwefocal f) = 20 cm

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti nzvimbo iri pamberi pechinhu ndechechokwadi kana kuti mwaranzi inopfuura nepakati pechinhu.

Kureba kwechinhu (h) = 10 cm

Daro rechinhu ( do _o ) = 30 cm

Zvinodiwa: Kureba kwemufananidzo , kukura kwemufananidzo , kukwirira kwemufananidzo uye hunhu hwemufananidzo

Solution:

Kureba kwemufananidzo ( di _i ):

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do _o = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = _1/60

d _i = 60/1 = 60 cm

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi kana kuti mwaranzi inopfuura nemumufananidzo.

Kukura kwemufananidzo ( m ):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(60)/30 = -2

Chiratidzo chekusiya chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.

Mufananidzo wacho wakakura kakapetwa kaviri pane chinhu chacho.

Kureba kwemufananidzo (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h i = m h _o = (-2)10 = -20 cm

Chiratidzo chekusiya chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.

Hunhu hwemufananidzo

- chaiyo

- yakapindurwa

- kukwirira kwemufananidzo kwakakura kupfuura kukwirira kwechinhu

- daro remufananidzo rakakura kupfuura daro rechinhu

[irp]

4. Zvichibva pamufananidzo uri pazasi, sarudza kureba kwelenzi inoungana!

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwechinhu ( do _o ) = 20 cm

Daro remufananidzo ( di ₎ = 30 cm

Zvinodiwa : Hurefu hwefocal (f)

Solution:

1/ do _o + 1/ di _i = 1/f

do _o = chinhambwe chechinhu ( pamwe nechiratidzo chekuti mwaranzi inopfuura nepakati pechinhu )

d _i = chinhambwe chemufananidzo ( pamwe nechiratidzo chekuti mwaranzi inopfuura nepamufananidzo )

f = kureba kwefocal ( pamwe nechiratidzo chekuti mwaranzi inopfuura nepakati pefocal kana kuti focal point ndeyechokwadi )

Kureba kwefocal:

1/f = 1/20 + 1/30 = 3/60 + 2/60 = 5/60

f = 60/5 = 12 cm

5. Kureba kwechinhu i30 cm uye kureba kwefocal i20 cm. Sarudza kukura kwemufananidzo.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwefocal lens inoungana (f) = 20 cm

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti nzvimbo iri pamberi pechinhu ndechechokwadi kana kuti mwaranzi inopfuura nemumufananidzo.

Kureba kwechinhu ( do _o ) = 30 cm

Zvinodiwa: Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)

Solution:

Kureba kwemufananidzo:

1/ di ₌ 1/f – 1/ do = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = 1/60

d _i = 60/1 = 60 cm

Kukura kwemufananidzo:

M = di _i / do _o = 60 cm / 30 cm = 60/30 = kaviri

[wpdm_package id='864′]

1. Matambudziko egirazi reConcave uye mhinduro dzaro
2. Matambudziko egirazi reConvex uye mhinduro dzaro
3. Matambudziko akasiyana-siyana e lens uye mhinduro dzawo
4. Kusangana matambudziko nemhinduro dzema lenzi
5. Zvishandiso zvemaziso matambudziko emaziso evanhu uye mhinduro dzawo
6. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzemalenzi ekuonana nemidziyo yemaziso
7. Magirazi emaziso ezvishandiso zvemaziso
8. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinosimudzira matambudziko egirazi uye mhinduro dzazvo
9. Maikorosikopu yezvishandiso zveOptical - matambudziko nemhinduro
10. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzematelesikopu ezvishandiso zveOptical

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1. Chinhu chakareba masendimita mashanu chinoiswa 15 cm kubva pane lenzi ine urefu hwemasentimita makumi matatu . Sarudza daro remufananidzo , kukura kwemufananidzo, kukwirira kwemufananidzo, uye hunhu hwemufananidzo.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwefocal (f) = -30 cm

Chiratidzo che "minus" chinoratidza kuti nzvimbo iri pamberi pechinhu iri pakombiyuta kana kuti mwaranzi haipfuuri nepanzvimbo yacho.

Kureba kwechinhu (h _o ) = 5 cm

Daro rechinhu (do _o ) = 15 cm

Zvinodiwa: Kureba kwemufananidzo (d _i ), kukura kwemufananidzo (m), kukwirira kwemufananidzo (h _i ) uye hunhu hwemufananidzo.

Solution:

Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi yakasiyana-siyana:

Kureba kwemufananidzo (di _i ):

1/d _i = 1/f – 1/d _o = -1/30 – 1/15 = -1/30 – 2/30 = -3/30

d _i = -30/3 = -10 cm

Chiratidzo che "minus" chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta kana kuti mwaranzi haipfuuri nepamufananidzo.

Kukura kwemufananidzo (m):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(-10)/15 = 10/15 = 2/3

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.

Mufananidzo wacho mudiki ne 2/3 pane chinhu chacho.

Kureba kwemufananidzo (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = mh _o = (2/3)5 = 10/3 = 3.3 cm

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.

Hunhu hwemufananidzo:

Hunhu hwemufananidzo hunoumbwa negirazi rinopatsanurana:

- pamhepo

- yakatwasuka

- mufananidzo mudiki pane chinhu chacho

- daro remufananidzo diki pane daro rechinhu

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2. Chinhu chakareba masendimita gumi chinoiswa 60 cm kubva pane lenzi ine urefu hwemasendimita makumi matatu. Sarudza daro remufananidzo, kukura kwemufananidzo, kukwirira kwemufananidzo, uye hunhu hwemufananidzo.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwefocal (f) = -30 cm

Chiratidzo che "minus" chinoratidza kuti nzvimbo iri pamberi pechinhu iri pakombiyuta kana kuti mwaranzi haipfuuri nepanzvimbo yacho.

Kureba kwechinhu (h) = 10 cm

Daro rechinhu (do _o ) = 60 cm

Zvinodiwa: Daro remufananidzo (d _i ), kukura kwemufananidzo (m), kukwirira kwemufananidzo (h _i ) uye hunhu hwemufananidzo

Solution:

Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi yakasiyana-siyana:

Kureba kwemufananidzo (di _i ):

1/d _i = 1/f – 1/d _o = -1/30 – 1/60 = -2/60 – 1/60 = -3/60

d _i = -60/3 = -20 cm

Chiratidzo che "minus" chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta kana kuti mwaranzi haipfuuri nepamufananidzo.

Kukura kwemufananidzo (m):

m = -d _i /do _o = -(-20)/60 = 20/60 = 1/3

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.

Mufananidzo wacho mudiki ne 1/3 pane chinhu chacho.

Kureba kwemufananidzo (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = mh _o = (1/3)10 = 10/3 = 3.3 cm

Chiratidzo chekuwedzera chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.

Zvimiro zvemufananidzo

- zviri paindaneti nekuti mwaranzi haipfuure nepamufananidzo

- yakatwasuka

- mufananidzo mudiki pane chinhu chacho

- daro remufananidzo diki pane daro rechinhu

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1. Matambudziko egirazi reConcave uye mhinduro dzaro
2. Matambudziko egirazi reConvex uye mhinduro dzaro
3. Matambudziko akasiyana-siyana e lens uye mhinduro dzawo
4. Kusangana matambudziko nemhinduro dzema lenzi
5. Zvishandiso zvemaziso matambudziko emaziso evanhu uye mhinduro dzawo
6. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzemalenzi ekuonana nemidziyo yemaziso
7. Magirazi emaziso ezvishandiso zvemaziso
8. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinosimudzira matambudziko egirazi uye mhinduro dzazvo
9. Maikorosikopu yezvishandiso zveOptical - matambudziko nemhinduro
10. Matambudziko nemhinduro dzematelesikopu ezvishandiso zveOptical

Read more