1. Simba regirazi remaziso i -2 Diopters. Daro riri pakati peziso negirazi remaziso i 2 cm.
(a) Girazi remaziso rine lenzi inoungana kana lenzi inopatsanurana?
(b) Ndeupi urefu hwegirazi rinotarisisa zvinhu?
(c) Ziso rinoona zviri pedyo kana kuti ziso rinoona zviri kure? Kana richiona zviri kure, chii chichava chinangwa chikuru?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Simba reLenzi (P) = -2 Diopters
Solution:
(a) Lenzi inochinja-chinja kana lenzi inochinja-chinja
Chiratidzo chekusashanda kwelenzi chinoratidza kuti lenzi yekuonana iri lenzi yakasiyana.
(b) Kureba kwenzvimbo yakatarisana
P = 1/f
-2 = 1/f
f = 1/-2 = -0.5 m = -50 cm
Kureba kwefocal ye lens inoparadzanisa ndeye 50 cm.
(c) Ziso rinoona zviri pedyo kana kuti ziso rinoona zviri kure?
-1/ di i = 1/f – 1/ do o
-1/ d i = -1/50 – 1/~ = -1/50 – 0
-1/ d i = -1/50
d i = 50 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo i5 0 cm + 2 cm = 52 cm . 52 cm ndiyo nzvimbo iri kure yeziso rinoona zviri kure. Kune ziso rakajairika, nzvimbo iri kure haigumi.
2. Simba regirazi remaziso i4 Diopters. Daro riri pakati peziso negirazi remaziso i2 cm.
(a) Girazi remaziso rine lenzi inotenderera kana lenzi inoparadzanisa?
(b) Ndeipi nzvimbo yakatarisana negirazi?
(c) Ziso rinoona zviri pedyo kana kuti ziso rinoona zviri kure ? Kana rikaonekwa zviri pedyo, chii chichava pedyo?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Simba relenzi (P) = 4 Diopters
Solution:
(a) Lenzi inochinja-chinja kana lenzi inochinja-chinja
Chiratidzo chakanaka chesimba relenzi chinoratidza kuti lenzi yekuonana iri kusangana nelenzi.
(b) Kureba kwenzvimbo yakatarisana
P = 1/f
4 = 1/f
f = 1/4 = 0.25 m = 25 cm
Kureba kwefocal kwelenzi inoungana ndeye 25 cm.
(c) Ziso rinoona zviri pedyo kana kuti ziso rinoona zviri kure?
-1/ di i = 1/f – 1/ do o
-1 / di = 1/25 – 1/23 = 23/575 – 25/575 = -2/575
– d i = 575/-2 = -287.5 cm = -2.875 m eters
d i = 287.5 cm = 2.875 mamita s
Kureba kwemufananidzo i287.5 cm + 2 cm = 289.5 cm . 289.5 cm ndiyo nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rinoonekwa . Kune ziso rakajairika, nzvimbo iri pedyo i25 cm.
3. Ziso rine nzvimbo iri pedyo ne16 cm uye nzvimbo iri kure ye80 cm. Kana akashandisa magirazi, anogona kuona zvinhu zviri kure zvakajeka. Achishandisa girazi, daro rechinhu chiri pedyo rinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka ndere….
A. 13 1/3 cm
B. 20 cm
C. 36 cm
Kureba 48 1/3 cm
Zvinozivikanwa:
Nzvimbo iri kure yemunhu ndeye 80 cm, saka, zvinogumiswa kuti munhu wacho ari kutambura nekuona zviri pedyo. Kuona zviri pedyo kunokonzerwa negirazi reziso kwakakombama kupfuura zvakunofanira kunge zvakaita muziso rakajairika saka kureba kwegirazi reziso kunoderedzwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti chiedza chinobva panzvimbo isingaperi (kure) chisatariswe pa retina asi chakatarisana nemberi kwe retina.
Chinodiwa: Kureba kwechinhu chiri pedyo kunogona kuonekwa zvakajeka uchishandisa magirazi
Solution:
Nzvimbo yekure yemunhu ndeye 80 cm. Lenzi yegirazi remaziso inofanira kugadzira mufananidzo uri kure kwe 80 cm pamberi payo. Mufananidzo uri pamberi pemaziso uye lenzi yegirazi kuitira kuti mufananidzo uve wakatwasuka uye wakatwasuka. Saka daro remufananidzo (d') = -80 cm. Kana munhu akapfeka girazi remaziso, anogona kuona zvinhu zviri kure zvakanyanya zvakajeka. Saka daro rechinhu (d) = nzvimbo yekure yeziso rakajairika = infinity = ~.
Kureba kwegirazi reziso:
1/f = 1/d + 1/d'
1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/80)
1/f = 0 – 1/80
1/f = – 1/80
f = – 80 / 1
f = – 80 cm
Kureba kwefocal kwakanyorwa negative kunoreva kuti lenzi yegirazi remaziso rinoshandiswa i lenzi yakakombama kana lenzi yakatsauka.
Kana munhu achishandisa lenzi imwe chete yegirazi remaziso, saka chinhu chiri pedyo zvikuru chinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka chiri pedyo zvakadii? Kureba kwelenzi (f) = -80 cm. Lenzi inofanira kugadzira mufananidzo uri kure ne16 cm pamberi peziso nelenzi, kuitira kuti mufananidzo uve chaiwo uye wakanyorwa kuti hauna kunaka. Saka daro remufananidzo (d') = -16 cm.
1 / d = 1 / f – 1 / d' = -1/80 – (-1/16) = -1/80 + 1/16 = -1/80 + 5/80 = 4/80
d = 80/4 = 20 cm.
Chinhu chiri pedyo chinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka i20 cm.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
4. Zvichibva pamufananidzo, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti…
Solution:
 |
 |
|
Ziso rinoona zviri kure |
Ziso rinoona zviri kure + lenzi inoungana |
Lenzi inobatana = lenzi yakakombama = lenzi yakanaka
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
5. Nzvimbo iri pedyo nemunhu ane hypermetropy i2 m. Kuti aone munhu ane maziso akakwana, munhu wacho anofanira kushandisa magirazi emaziso…
A. -1.5 Diopters
B. -2.5 Diopters
C. +3.5 Diopters
D. +4.5 Diopters
Zvinozivikanwa:
Nzvimbo iri pedyo yevanhu vane hypermetropy (kuona zviri kure) = mamita maviri
Nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika = 25 cm = 0.25 metres
Zvinodiwa: Simba remagirazi egirazi
Solution:
Lenzi inofanira kugadzira mufananidzo uri kure nemamita maviri pamberi peziso kuitira kuti mufananidzo uve chaiwo uye wakanyorwa kuti hauna kunaka. Saka daro remufananidzo (d') = – mamita maviri.
Kuti munhu aone semunhu ane ziso rakajairwa, daro rechinhu (d) = nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairwa = 25 cm = 0.25 metres.
Kureba kwegirazi remaziso:
1/f = 1/d + 1/d'
1/f = 1/0.25 + (-1/2) = 1/0.25 – 1/2 = 8/2 – 1/2 = 7/2
f = 2/7
Kureba kwegirazi kwakaratidza kuti kune lenzi yegirazi inoshandiswa igirazi rine lenzi yakanaka kana kuti lenzi ine convex kana lenzi inoungana.
Simba relenzi:
P = 1 / f = 1: 2/7 = 1 x 7/2 = 7/2 = +3.5 Diopters
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeinoti C.
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