Chinyorwa nezve madhayagiramu eRay emalenzi akasiyana-siyana (akaita seakakombama)
Kana chinhu chiri kudivi rimwe chete relenzi yakakombama, lenzi yakakombama inogona kuumba mufananidzo wechinhu chacho. Kana nzvimbo yechinhu iri kudivi rimwe chete relenzi yakakombama ichizivikanwa, ungadhirowa sei mufananidzo wechinhu chacho? Ngatitii chinhu chiri kuruboshwe rwelenzi yakakombama, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
Mutsetse weorenji = lenzi yakakombama
Mutsetse webhuruu = mutsetse mukuru
Museve (girini) = chinhu
F 1 = kureba kwefocal 1 uye F 2 = kureba kwefocal 2
Mufananidzo wemufananidzo wechinhu unowanikwa nekudhirowa mwenje yese yechiedza inopfuura nepakati pechinhu, asi izvi hazvishande zvakanyanya nekuti pachava nemitsetse yakawanda inomiririra mwenje yechiedza. Kuti zvive nyore, mwenje mishoma chete yechiedza inosarudzwa kumiririra mwenje yese yechiedza inopfuura nepakati pechinhu. Sezvo chiitiko ichi chinosanganisira kudzorwa kwechiedza, mutemo wekudzorwa kwechiedza unofanirwa kutevedzwa pakudhirowa kuumbwa kwemufananidzo.
Marara matatu echiedza kana marara matatu
ranzi 1:
Ray 1 inouya kune lenzi yakakombama inodhirowa yakafanana ne axis huru uye inobata kumucheto wepamusoro wechinhu chacho,
yobva yadzorwa negirazi rakakombama, uko mwenje wechiedza unodzorwa sekunge uchibva panzvimbo yakananga. Mwaranzi inouya nemwaranzi inodzorwa inofanirwa kusangana nemutemo wekudzorwa kwechiedza.
ranzi 2:
Ray 2 inouya kune lenzi yakakombama inodhirowa sekunge iri kuenda panzvimbo yekutarisa uye ichibata mugumo wepamusoro wechinhu chacho,
yobva yadzorwa negirazi rakakombama, uko mwenje wechiedza wakadzorwa unofanira kunge wakafanana nechikamu chikuru. Marara anouya nemwaranzi inodzorwa inofanira kuzadzisa mutemo wekudzorwa kwechiedza.
ranzi 3:
Ray 3 inosvika pa lenzi yakakombama inodhonzwa ichipfuura nepanosangana lenzi yakakombama ne axis huru.
Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo (mwaranzi miviri)
Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo kunogona kudhirowa uchishandisa maranzi maviri chete, sezvakaratidzwa pazasi. Kana ukashandisa maranzi maviri, pane mifananidzo mitatu inogona kuumbwa yemufananidzo.
Ray 1 ne2
Ray 1 ne3
Ray 2 ne3
Dhirowa kuumbwa kwemifananidzo uchishandisa maranzi maviri chete anofanira kugadziriswa kuti aenderane nedaro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yakakombama. Kana daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yakakombama riri seriri pamufananidzo uri pamusoro, pane nzira nhatu dzekudhirowa kuumbwa kwemufananidzo uchishandisa maranzi maviri chete. Kana daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yakakombama rakasiyana nemufananidzo uri pamusoro,
Semuenzaniso, chinhu chiri pakati penzvimbo inotarisa mufananidzo nelenzi, saka hapana chikonzero chenzira nhatu dzekudhirowa mufananidzo, pamwe nzira mbiri chete dzekudhirowa.
Kana ukadhirowa mufananidzo uchishandisa lenzi yakatetepa, unogona kusarudza nzira imwe chete uye haufanirwe kushandisa nzira mbiri kana nhatu.
Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo (mwaranzi mitatu)
Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo kunogona kudhirowa uchishandisa marara matatu, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
Kana daro rechinhu kubva pane lenzi yakakombama risiri seriri pamufananidzo uri pamusoro, semuenzaniso, chinhu chacho chiri pakati pe lenzi yakakombama nenzvimbo yekutarisa,
kana chinhu chiri pakati penzvimbo yakatarisana nepakati penzvimbo yakakombama yelenzi yakakombama, saka hazvidikanwi kuti kuumbwa kwemufananidzo kudhirowewe uchishandisa nzira nhatu semufananidzo uri pamusoro. Panogona kunge paine nzira mbiri chete dzekudhirowa kuumbwa kwemufananidzo.
Ndapota tarisai mufananidzo wemufananidzo uri kuumbwa ne lenzi yakakombama, uko daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yakakombama, rinosiyana, maererano nekugadzirwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi yakakombama.
Mibvunzo gumi yekufunga nemhinduro pamusoro pemadhayagiramu emwaranzi egirazi rakasiyana (rakatetepa).
1. Chinangwa chedhayagiramu yemwaranzi kana tichitarisa lenzi yakasiyana-siyana ndechei?
Dhayagiramu yemwaranzi imufananidzo unoratidza kuti mwaranzi yechiedza inochinja sei painopfuura nepalenzi. Kana tichitarisa lenzi inopatsanurana, inoratidza kuti mwaranzi yechiedza inopatsanurana sei mushure mekupfuura nepalenzi uye kuti inoita sei kuti inobva panzvimbo imwe chete kudivi rimwe chete relenzi nechiedza chinouya (nzvimbo yekutarisa).
2. Ndeapi marara akajairika anoshandiswa kudhirowa dhayagiramu yemwaranzi yelenzi inopatsanurana?
Marara matatu akajairika anoshandiswa:
- Mwaranzi wekutanga unofamba wakafanana nechikamu chikuru chepfungwa uye wobva waita seunobva panzvimbo yakatarisana mushure mekusachinja.
- Ranzi rechipiri rinodarika nepakati pegirazi risingadzoreki.
- Ranzi rechitatu rinonangidzirwa kunzvimbo yekutarisa iri kune rimwe divi relenzi uye rinobuda rakafanana nechikamu chikuru.
3. Mufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi rinopatsanurana unosiyana sei mumadhayagiramu emwaranzi zvichienzaniswa negirazi rinobatana?
Mumadhayagiramu emwaranzi, lenzi inochinja-chinja inogara ichiumba mufananidzo chaiwo, wakatwasuka, uye wakaderera uri kudivi rimwe chete relenzi nechinhu chacho. Kune rumwe rutivi, lenzi inochinja-chinja inogona kuumba mifananidzo chaiyo, yakapindurwa (kana chinhu chiri kunze kwenzvimbo yakatarisana) kana mifananidzo chaiyo, yakatwasuka (kana chinhu chiri pedyo nenzvimbo yakatarisana).
4. Sei mufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi rinopatsanurana uchigara uri chaiwo sezvinoonekwa mumadhayagiramu emwaranzi?
Mumadhayagiramu emiranzi yemalenzi anopatsanurana, mwaranzi inopinduka inopatsanurana uye haisangani kune rimwe divi relenzi. Pane kudaro, inoita seyakabva panzvimbo iri kudivi rimwe chete relenzi nechinhu chacho, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nemufananidzo chaiwo.
5. Kukura kwemufananidzo kunogona sei kuonekwa kubva padhayagiramu yemwaranzi yelenzi inosiyana?
Kukura kwemufananidzo kunogona kuonekwa kubva padhayagiramu yemwaranzi nekuenzanisa kureba kwemufananidzo (kutorwa kubva pachikamu chikuru kusvika pamusoro pemufananidzo) nekukwirira kwechinhu. Kana iri lenzi inosiyana, mufananidzo unogara uri mudiki pane chinhu, zvichiratidza kukura kuri pasi pe1.
6. Ndeipi basa re axis huru mudhayagiramu ye ray ye lenzi inotsauka?
Chinongedzo chikuru chiri mudhayagiramu yemwaranzi mutsetse unopfuura nepakati pegirazi uye wakatarisana negirazi. Unoshanda semutsetse wekutarisa nzira yemwaranzi yechiedza uye kuwana chinhu, mufananidzo, uye nzvimbo dzinotarisa.
7. Chinhu chinonyanya kutarisisa chinoratidzwa sei mudhayagiramu yemwaranzi yelenzi inotsauka?
Mudhayagiramu yemwaranzi, nzvimbo inotarisa lenzi inotsauka inoratidzwa senzvimbo iyo mwaranzi yechiedza yakafanana nechikamu chikuru chemupendero inoita seinotsauka mushure mekupfuura nepalenzi. Nzvimbo iyi iri kudivi rimwe chete relenzi nechiedza chinouya.
8. Mudhayagiramu yerangi yelenzi inosiyana, daro riri pakati pelenzi nemufananidzo rine hukama sei nedaro rechinhu uye kureba kwefocal?
Hukama hunopihwa nefomura yelenzi 1/f = 1/v – 1/u, apo f iri urefu hwefocal, v iri daro remufananidzo, uye u iri daro rechinhu. Sezvo lenzi yakatsauka iine urefu hwefocal husina kunaka, daro remufananidzo harina kunakawo, zvichiratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakaumbwa kudivi rimwe chete relenzi nechinhu chacho.
9. Nzvimbo yemufananidzo ingafanotaurwa sei uchishandisa dhayagiramu yemwaranzi yegirazi rinopatsanurana?
Nzvimbo yemufananidzo inogona kufanotaurwa nekutambanudza mwaranzi yakadzorwa kumashure kudivi rechinhu kusvika yasangana. Panopindirana mwaranzi idzi ndiyo nzvimbo yemufananidzo.
10. Chii chinoitika kumufananidzo uri mudhayagiramu yemwaranzi sezvo chinhu chacho chichifamba pedyo negirazi rinopatsanuka?
Chinhu chacho pachinoswedera pedyo nelenzi inopatsanuka, mufananidzo wacho unoswederawo pedyo nelenzi asi unoramba uri parutivi rumwe chete. Uyezve, saizi yemufananidzo inova diki kana chinhu chacho chikaswedera pedyo nelenzi.
