Chinyorwa nezve madhayagiramu eRay emalenzi anobatana (convex)
Kana chinhu chiri kudivi rimwe chete regirazi re convex, iro girazi re convex rinogona kuumba mufananidzo wechinhu chacho. Kana nzvimbo yechinhu iri kudivi rimwe chete regirazi re convex ichizivikanwa, ungadhirowa sei mufananidzo wechinhu chacho? Ngatitii chinhu chiri kuruboshwe rwegirazi re convex, sezvakaratidzwa pazasi.
Mutsetse weorenji = lenzi yakakomberedzwa
Mutsetse webhuruu = axis huru
Museve (girini) = chinhu
F1 = kureba kwefocal 1 na F2 = kureba kwefocal 2
Mufananidzo wemufananidzo wechinhu unowanikwa nekudhirowa mwenje yese yechiedza inopfuura nepakati pechinhu, asi izvi hazvishande zvakanyanya nekuti pachava nemitsetse yakawanda inomiririra mwenje yechiedza. Kuti zvive nyore, mwenje mishoma chete yechiedza inosarudzwa kumiririra mwenje yese yechiedza inopfuura nepakati pechinhu. Sezvo chiitiko ichi chinosanganisira kudzorwa kwechiedza, mutemo wekudzorwa kwechiedza unofanirwa kutevedzwa pakudhirowa kuumbwa kwemufananidzo.
Marara matatu echiedza kana marara matatu
Ray 1:
Ray 1 kana mwenje wechiedza 1 unouya kune lenzi yakatenderedzwa unodhonzwa wakafanana ne axis huru yelenzi uye unobata mugumo wepamusoro wechinhu chacho,
yobva yadzorwa negirazi re convex, uko mwenje wechiedza wakadzorwa unofanira kupfuura nepakati penzvimbo yekutarisa 2. Marara anouya nemwaranzi inodzorwa inofanira kuzadzisa mutemo wekudzorwa kwechiedza.
Ray 2:
Ray 2 kana mwenje wechiedza 2 unouya kune lenzi ine convex unodhonzwa kuti upfuure nepakati penzvimbo yekutanga uye ubate mugumo wepamusoro wechinhu,
yobva yadzorwa negirazi re convex, uko chiedza chakadzorwa chinofanira kunge chakafanana ne axis huru. Mwaranzi inouya nemwaranzi inodzorwa inofanira kuzadzisa mutemo wekudzorwa kwechiedza.
Ray 3:
Ranzi 3 kana kuti mwenje 2 unouya kune lenzi yakatenderedzwa unodhonzwa kuti upfuure nepanosangana lenzi yakatenderedzwa nechikamu chikuru uye unobata mugumo wechinhu chacho; ipapo mwenje unoendeswa mberi.
Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo (miranzi miviri)
Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo kunogona kudhirowa uchishandisa maranzi maviri chete, sezvakaratidzwa pazasi. Kana ukashandisa maranzi maviri, pane mifananidzo mitatu inogona kuumbwa.
Ray 1 ne2
Ray 1 ne3
Ray 2 ne3
Mufananidzo wekuumbwa kwemufananidzo uchishandisa mwenje miviri chete yechiedza unofanirwawo kugadziriswa nedaro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yakapinza. Kana daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yakapinza riri seriri pamufananidzo uri pamusoro, pane nzira nhatu dzekudhirowa mufananidzo uchishandisa maranzi maviri chete. Kana daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yakapinza rakasiyana nemufananidzo uri pamusoro, semuenzaniso, chinhu chiri pakati penzvimbo yekutarisa nepakati pekukombama,
saka hapana chikonzero chenzira nhatu dzekudhirowa mufananidzo, pamwe pane nzira mbiri chete dzekudhirowa.
Kana ukadhirowa mufananidzo uchishandisa lenzi ine convex, unogona kusarudza nzira imwe chete.
Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo (marara matatu)
Kuumbwa kwechinhu kunogona kudhirowa uchishandisa marara matatu, sezvakaratidzwa pazasi.
Kana daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi ye convex risina kufanana nemufananidzo uri pamusoro, semuenzaniso, chinhu chiri pakati pe lenzi ye convex nenzvimbo yekutarisa, kana chinhu chiri pakati penzvimbo yekutarisa nepakati pekombama ye lenzi ye convex, saka hapana chikonzero chekudhirowa mufananidzo uchishandisa nzira nhatu semufananidzo uri pamusoro. Panogona kuva nenzira mbiri chete dzekudhirowa mufananidzo.
- mubvunzo: Ndeapi marara matatu makuru anoshandiswa pakudhirowa madhayagiramu emurazvo we lenzi inoungana? mhinduro: Maranzi matatu makuru ndeaya: (1) mwaranzi inofanana inopinda nepakati pema "principal axis" uye inopinda nepakati pe "far focal point" mushure mekudzima; (2) mwaranzi yepakati inopfuura yakananga nepakati pe "lens" isina kutsauka; (3) mwaranzi inonanga pa "focal ray" ichipinda nepakati pe "near focal point" uye inosiya lenzi yakabatana nepakati pema "principal axis".
- mubvunzo: Mwaranzi unopfuura nepakati pe optical ye lenzi unoshanda sei mu ray diagram ye lenzi inoungana? mhinduro: Mwaranzi inopfuura nepakati pe optical ye lens inoramba ichienda nenzira imwe chete isina kukotama. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nzvimbo mbiri dze lens dziri pakati pe optical dzakafanana uye nokudaro, hapana kutsauka kwakakosha.
- mubvunzo: Mudhayagiramu yemwaranzi yelenzi inoungana, mwaranzi inotanga kufamba yakabatana ne axis huru inodzokera kupi? mhinduro: Mwaranzi unotanga kufamba wakafanana nechikamu chikuru chegirazi unodzokera shure nepagirazi wopfuura nepanzvimbo iri kune rimwe divi regirazi.
- mubvunzo: Mwaranzi unopfuura nepanzvimbo iri pedyo nepfungwa unoshanda sei mudhayagiramu yemwaranzi yelenzi inoungana? mhinduro: Mwaranzi unopfuura nepanzvimbo iri pedyo, kana wangoerekana waonekwa, unobuda mugirazi wofamba wakatarisana nechikamu chikuru.
- mubvunzo: Mudhayagiramu yemwaranzi yelenzi inoungana, mwaranzi inodzorwa inosanganikirana papi kana chinhu chiri kupfuura nzvimbo yekutarisa? mhinduro: Kana chinhu chacho chikapfuura nzvimbo yekutarisa, mwaranzi inodzorwa inopindirana kune rimwe divi regirazi, ichiumba mufananidzo chaiwo uye wakadzorwa.
- mubvunzo: Kusangana kwemwaranzi dzakadzorwa kunomiririrei mudhayagiramu yemwaranzi yelenzi inoungana? mhinduro: Kusangana kwemwaranzi inodzorwa kunomiririra nzvimbo yemufananidzo wakaumbwa nelenzi. Uyu unogona kuva mufananidzo chaiwo kana kuti chaiwo, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yechinhu chacho.
- mubvunzo: Nzvimbo yemufananidzo inochinja sei mudhayagiramu yemwaranzi sezvo chinhu chichifamba kubva pakusaguma kuenda kune lenzi? mhinduro: Sezvo chinhu chichifamba kubva pakusingapere kuenda kune lenzi, mufananidzo unofamba kubva panzvimbo yakatarisana nelenzi kuenda kunzvimbo isingapere. Kana chinhu chikayambuka nzvimbo yakatarisana yopinda mairi, mufananidzo unova chaiwo, wakatwasuka, uye wakakudzwa, uye unoita seuri padivi rimwechete nechinhu chacho.
- mubvunzo: Mudhayagiramu yemwaranzi yelenzi inoungana, mwaranzi inodzorwa inooneka seinosiyana kubva kupi kana chinhu chiri mukati menzvimbo yakatarisana? mhinduro: Kana chinhu chiri mukati menzvimbo inotarisa, mwaranzi inodzorwa inoita seinosiyana kubva pane imwe nzvimbo iri kudivi rimwe chete relenzi nechinhu chacho, zvichiratidza nzvimbo yemufananidzo chaiwo, wakamira, uye wakakudzwa.
- mubvunzo: Zvinorevei kana mwaranzi inodzorwa mudhayagiramu yemwaranzi yelenzi inoungana isingasangani? mhinduro: Kana mwaranzi yakadzorwa isingasangani, zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo wakagadzirwa uri wechokwadi. Izvi zvinoitika kana chinhu chacho chikaiswa mukati mehurefu hwelenzi. Muchiitiko ichi, mwaranzi yacho inoita seinosiyana kubva panzvimbo iri kumashure kwelenzi iri kudivi rechinhu chacho.
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mubvunzo: Zvinhu zviri mu lenzi zvinopesvedzera sei dhayagiramu yemwaranzi ye lenzi inoungana? mhinduro: Zvinhu zviri mu lenzi zvinokanganisa refractive index yayo. Refractive index yakakwira inoita kuti mwaranzi ikotame zvakanyanya painopinda mu lenzi, zvichichinja nzvimbo dze focus points uye nokudaro zvichikanganisa ray diagram inobva yavapo. Zvisinei, mitemo yekutanga yekudhirowa ray diagram inoramba yakafanana.
