Chinyorwa Zvishandiso zvemaziso ziso remunhu
Zvikamu zveziso
Kornea iganda rakajeka, rakaomarara rinofukidza kumberi kweziso. Kornea inodzivisa chiedza chinopinda muziso.
Mbeu iyi inhengo nhema yeziso. Mbeu iyi idema, saka inonwisa chiedza chose. Mbeu iyi iburi rinopinda chiedza muziso. Kana dhayamita yembeu yakakura, chiedza chinopinda muziso zvakanyanya uye saizi yembeu idiki, chiedza chinopinda muziso zvishoma.
Iris ndiyo inodzora saizi yepupi. Kana nzvimbo yakatenderedza ziso yakajeka zvikuru, iris inoderedza pupi. Kusiyana neizvi, kana nzvimbo yakatenderedza maziso isina kupenya zvakanyanya, iris inowedzera pupi zvekuti huwandu hwechiedza chinopinda muziso hwakakura. Kana wakaona musiyano uripo pakati peziso rekatsi masikati neusiku, unogona kunzwisisa zviri nyore mashandiro eiris.
Tsandanyama dzemudumbu dzinoshanda kuchinja kukombama kwelenzi yeziso. Kuchinja kwelenzi yeziso kunokanganisa kureba kwelenzi yeziso. Kana ziso rikaona zvinhu zviri kure, tsandanyama dzemudumbu dzinozorora kuitira kuti radius yelenzi iwedzere uye kureba kwelenzi kuwedzere.
Kana ziso rikatarisa zvinhu zviri pedyo, tsandanyama dzeciliary dzinogumburwa zvekuti radius ye lens curvature inoderera uye urefu hwe focal hwe lens hunoderera. Saka, zvisina kunanga, basa re ciliary tsandanyama nderekudzora urefu hwe focal hwe lens yeziso kuitira kuti ziso rigone kutarisa mufananidzo wechinhu nemazvo. Kuchinja kwe focal length ye eyepiece kunonzi eye accommodation.
Lenzi yeziso igirazi rinotenderera kana kuti lenzi ine convex kana kuti lenzi yakanaka. Kunyange zvazvo chiedza chichiwanda mu cornea, lenzi yeziso inodzokorora uye inotarisisa chiedza kuitira kuti mufananidzo uumbwe pa retina. Mufananidzo unofanirwa kuumbwa pa retina kuitira kuti zvinhu zvionekwe zvakajeka. Retina inoshanda kushandura mafungu echiedza kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi, izvo zvinozopfuura nemutsinga we optic zvichienda kuuropi.
Kugara neziso rakajairika
Kugadzika kwemaziso ndiko kugadzirisa urefu hwe focal (f) ye lenzi yeziso nedaro rechinhu kubva paziso kuitira kuti mufananidzo ugone kutariswa pa retina. Kureba kwe focal ye lenzi yeziso ndiko kureba kuri pakati pe lenzi yeziso nenzvimbo ye focal ye lenzi (F). Kana ziso rikapinda, kutenderera kwe lenzi yeziso kunochinja, zvichiita kuti radius yekukombama kwe eyepiece ichinje uye nokudaro kureba kwe focal ye lenzi yeziso kunochinjawo.
Kana ziso rikaona chinhu chiri kure, tsandanyama yeciliary inozorora, zvichiita kuti lenzi yeziso iite seyakatsetseka zvekuti radius yekukombama uye urefu hwefocal yelenzi inowedzera. Nzvimbo iri kure ndiyo daro riri kure iro ziso rinogona kutarisa pariri, uko nzvimbo iri kure yeziso rakajairika isingaperi. Kana tsandanyama dzeciliary dzichizorora kuitira kuti urefu hwefocal yelenzi yeziso huve hwakareba uye hugone kutarisa pachinhu chiri kure, ziso harina nzvimbo yakawanda yekuisa pfungwa.
Kana ziso rikatarisa zvinhu zviri pedyo, tsandanyama dzemudumbu dzinobonderana, zvichiita kuti lenzi yeziso iite seyakakombama zvakanyanya zvekuti radius yekukombama uye urefu hwelenzi hunodzikira. Daro rechinhu kusvika kuziso riri pedyo iro rinogona kutariswa neziso rinonzi pedo point. Munhu wepakati ane pedo point ye25 cm. Kana tsandanyama dzemudumbu dzichibonderana zvekuti urefu hwelenzi yeziso hunopfupika uye hunogona kutarisa pane chinhu chiri pedyo (25 cm), ziso rinowana pekugara pakakwirira.
Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo
Nzvimbo iri kure
Kana chinhu chacho chisina muganho, ziso rinotenderera rakatsetseka kusvika urefu hwefocal (f) hwelenzi hwaenzana nedaro remufananidzo (di). Daro remufananidzo idaro riri pakati pelenzi nenzvimbo apo chiedza chinodzorwa neziso chinopindirana. Nzvimbo apo mwaranzi yechiedza inopindirana, inoenderana neretina. Saka zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kana ziso rikaona chinhu chisina muganho, kutenderera kwelenzi yeziso kunotenderera kwakatsetseka kusvika urefu hwefocal hwelenzi (f) hwaenzana nedaro riri pakati pelenzi neretina. Daro rechiedza rinofanira kupindirana muretina kuitira kuti chiedza chigone kushandurwa kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi muretina.
Zvinotevera humbowo hwemasvomhu hwekuti nei kana chinhu chiri pakusingaperi, kureba kwelenzi (f) kwakaenzana nedaro remufananidzo (di). Hukama huripo pakati perefu refocal (f), daro rechinhu (do) uye daro remufananidzo (di) hunoratidzwa kuburikidza ne equation inotevera.
1/f = 1/do + 1/di —– Equation 1
Lenzi yeziso igirazi rinobatana. Saka, urefu hwefocal (f) hwakanaka. Distance yechinhu (do) haina magumo, saka tsiva distance yechinhu (do) mu equation 1 nechiratidzo che infinity.
1/f = 1/~ + 1/di
1/f = 0 + 1/di
1/f = 1/di
di = f —– Equation 2
Equation 2 inoratidza kuti pamalenzi anobatana kana chinhu chacho chiri pakusingaperi, urefu hwefocal (f) hwakaenzana nedaro remufananidzo (di).
Nzvimbo iri pedyo
Ko kana chinhu chiri pedyo neziso? Kare, zvaitsanangurwa kuti nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika kana daro rechinhu chiri pedyo rinogona kutariswa zvakanaka neziso rakajairika i25 cm. Saka, kureba kwefocal (f) kwelenzi yeziso kunofanira kunge kuri kudiki pane daro rechinhu (do) 25 cm. Kureba kwefocal kwelenzi yeziso kunofanira kunge kuri kudiki pane daro re25 cm kuitira kuti lenzi yeziso ibudise mufananidzo chaiwo. Lenzi yeziso i lenzi yakakombama inogona kuumba mufananidzo chaiwo uye mufananidzo chaiwo. Mufananidzo chaiwo unogadzirwa ne lenzi yakakombama kana kureba kwefocal (f) kuri kudiki pane daro rechinhu (do). Izvi zvakakurukurwa munyaya yekuumbwa kwemufananidzo we lenzi yakakombama.
Fungidzira hurefu hwe focal (f) hwe system ye eye lens:
Nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika i25 cm zvekuti daro rechinhu chiri pedyo i25 cm. Daro riri pakati pe cornea ne retina rinenge 2.5 cm. Mufananidzo wacho wakajeka kana chiedza chikawira pa retina kuitira kuti daro riri pakati pe cornea ne retina rionekwe sedaro remufananidzo (di). Saka, daro remufananidzo (in) i2.5 cm.
1/f = 1/do + 1/di
1/f = 1/25 + 1/2.5 = 1/25 + 10/25 = 11/25
f = 25/11
f = 2.27 cm
Zvichibva pamhedzisiro yekuverenga kuri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti urefu hwefocal (f) hudiki pane daro remufananidzo (di). Musiyano uripo pakati pedaro remufananidzo (di) nehurefu hwefocal (f) i2.5 cm - 2.27 cm = 0.23 cm. Nzvimbo yefocal ye cornea-eye lens system i0.23 cm kuruboshwe rwemufananidzo kana retina.
Sisitimu yelenzi ye cornea-eye i lenzi yakatenderedza kuitira kuti mufananidzo uumbwe pa retina kunyangwe uri wechokwadi asi wakapinduka. Kunyangwe mufananidzo uri pa retina wakapinduka, tsinga dzeuropi dzinoita kuti umire.
