Zvidzidzo zveFizikisi zveBasic

Tsanangudzo yegirazi re convex

Imwe mhando yegirazi rinoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva igirazi rakamonana. Girazi rakamonana rine maumbirwo akakombama, uko pamusoro pegirazi, iro rinoratidza chiedza, rinokombama mberi.

Mashandisirwo egirazi rinotenderera

Kana wakamboona girazi remudhudhudhu kana remotokari, zvechokwadi, unoziva kare kushandiswa kwemagirazi akajeka muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Magirazi aya anoshandiswa semagirazi ekutarisa kumashure nekuti mifananidzo inogadzirwa nemagirazi akajeka yakamira, uye mifananidzo yacho midiki pane zvinhu zvekuti ine maonero akasiyana-siyana. Kuwedzera pahukuru hwemufananidzo mudiki, mifananidzo yese inogadzirwa nemagirazi akajeka ndeyechokwadi.

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Chinyorwa pamusoro peZvimiro zvemufananidzo zvakagadzirwa negirazi rakatetepa

Kureba kwechinhu kudiki pane kureba kwegirazi rakakombama (do < f)

Zvichibva pakuverenga kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakatetepa, zvakagumiswa kuti kana daro rechinhu (do) riri diki pane urefu hwefocal (f), saka hunhu hwemufananidzo ndeihu:

- Virtual zvinoreva kuti chiedza hachipfuuri nepamufananidzo

- Wakarurama

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Chinyorwa nezve The concave mirror equation

Usati wawana equation yegirazi rakakombama, tanga waverenga mitemo yezviratidzo zvegirazi rakakombama riri pazasi.

Chiratidzo chinotonga girazi rakakombama

- Kureba kwechinhu (ita)

Kana chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rinotaridza chiedza, daro rechinhu (do) rakanaka.

- Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)

Kana mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rinotaridza chiedza, uko chiedza chinopfuura nepamufananidzo, ipapo daro remufananidzo (di) nderekuti (mufananidzo chaiwo). Kana mufananidzo uri kuseri kwegirazi rinotaridza chiedza, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo, ipapo daro remufananidzo nderekuti (mufananidzo chaiwo).

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Kuti unzwisise mufananidzo wechinhu chakagadzirwa negirazi rakakombama, dzidza mienzaniso yematambudziko nemhinduro dziri pazasi. Munyaya ino, chinhu chacho chinofungidzirwa chiri kure negirazi rakakombama, wobva wadhirowa mufananidzo wacho negirazi rakakombama,

daro remufananidzo kubva pagirazi rakakombama uye kukura kwemufananidzo wakagadzirwa negirazi rakakombama.

Funga nezvegirazi rakakombama rine urefu hwemasendimita makumi maviri. Dhirowa kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wobva waona daro remufananidzo uye kukura kwemufananidzo kana:

a) daro rezvinhu diki pane daro rehurefu hwefocal (ita

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Chinyorwa nezve madhayagiramu eRay emagirazi akakombama

Kana chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama rinoratidza chiedza, girazi rakakombama rinozoumba mufananidzo wechinhu chacho. Kana nzvimbo yechinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama ichizivikanwa, ungadhirowa sei mufananidzo wechinhu chacho? Kuti izvi zvijekeswe, ngatitii chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama , sezvakaratidzwa pazasi.

Mutsetse weorenji = girazi rakatetepa

Mitsetse yebhuruu = axis huru

Museve (girini) = chinhu

R = pakati pekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama

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Tsanangudzo yegirazi rakatetepa

Rumwe rudzi rwegirazi rinoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva igirazi rakakombama. Girazi rakakombama igirazi rine chimiro chakakombama, apo pamusoro pegirazi rinoratidza chiedza chakakombama kumashure.

Mashandisirwo egirazi rakakombama

Kana uchida kuona ganda rako rechiso zvakajeka uye zvakadzama, vhara chiso chako pamusoro pegirazi rakakombama iro

Chiedza chinopenya kuitira kuti mufananidzo wechiso chako utaridzike wakakura uye maburi eganda rechiso aonekwe zvakajeka. Mufananidzo wechiso chako unotaridzika wakakura kupfuura chiso chako nekuti girazi rinokudza mufananidzo, uko izvi zvinoitika kana daro rechiso chako kubva pagirazi rakakombama riri diki pane kureba kwegirazi. Nekuti rinogona kukura mifananidzo, magirazi akakombama anowanzo shandiswa nevakadzi kupfeka zvakanaka uye kushandiswa nevarume pavanenge vachigera ndebvu.

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Tsanangudzo yegirazi remundege

Girazi replane igirazi rine nzvimbo yakati sandara, apo imwe yenzvimbo dzaro dzakaputirwa nesimbi inopenya kuitira kuti pamusoro pegirazi replane rigone kuratidza chiedza chinodarika 95 muzana chinoribata. Kana ukavheneka tochi uchienda pamusoro pegirazi replane, girazi replane rinoratidza chiedza kuitira kuti maziso ako apenye kana girazi rikatarisa tochi kumaziso ako. Kusiyana neizvi, kana ukamira pamberi pegirazi masikati, chiso chako chinoratidza chiedza chezuva uchienda pamusoro pegirazi, uye panguva imwe chete, girazi rinoratidza chiedza kwauri. Kana ukamira pamberi pegirazi replane usiku, chiso chako chinoratidza chiedza chemwenje wemagetsi.

yakananga pamusoro pegirazi replane, uye panguva imwe chete, girazi replane rinodzosera chiedza chemwenje wemagetsi kwauri.

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Chinyorwa pamusoro peSpecular reflection uye diffuse reflection

Kana ukamira pamberi pegirazi remudenga, unogona kuona mufananidzo wechiso chako uchiratidzwa negirazi remudenga. Kana ukamira pamucheto wegirazi remudenga, uchiri kuona chiso chako chiri kuseri kwegirazi remudenga here? Unogona kuferefeta izvi nekuvheneka tochi pamusoro pegirazi rakati sandara. Kana tochi yakanangidzirwa yakatarisana nepamusoro pegirazi remudenga, tochi inoonekwa negirazi remudenga inogona kuonekwa. Asi kana ukamira pamucheto wegirazi remudenga, wobva wabatidza tochi uchienda pakati pegirazi rakati sandara, haugone kuona kuratidzwa kwetochi!

Zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinoitika kana uchiona chinhu masikati. Zvinhu zvakaita semabhuku, matombo, kana matafura zvinogona kuonekwa masikati nekuti zvinoratidzira chiedza chezuva. Zvinhu izvi, zvakaita segirazi mudambudziko rapfuura. Kana chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi replane, chinhu chinoratidza chiedza chezuva chichienda pamusoro pegirazi replane. Chiedza chezuva chinoratidzwa nechinhu chichienda pamusoro pegirazi replane chinozoratidzwa negirazi replane richienda kuziso kuitira kuti tigone kuona mumvuri wechinhu chiri kuseri kwegirazi replane. Zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinoitika kumabhuku, matombo, kana matafura. Masikati, chiedza chezuva chinoburitswa mubhuku, uye bhuku rinoburitsa chiedza chezuva mumaziso, kuti tigone kuona bhuku. Usiku, chiedza chinoburitswa mubhuku, uye bhuku rinoburitsa chiedza cherambi chichienda kuziso, kuti tigone kuona bhuku.

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Chinyorwa pamusoro peMutemo wekuratidzira chiedza

Tsanangudzo yekufungisisa

Kufungisisa kunogona kutsanangurwa sechiitiko apo mafambiro echinhu anochinja nekuda kwekuti chinhu charova chipingamupinyi. Kana ukakanda bhora pamadziro, bhora rinoonekwa nekuti bhora rinorova madziro.

Kuratidzwa kwechiedza

Kana chiedza chikaburitswa nezuva kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semagetsi, chiedza chinobva kuchiedza chichienda kumativi ese. Kana chiedza chikarova chipingamupinyi chakaita sebhuku, madziro kana girazi, chiedza chinoonekwa nechipingamupinyi ichocho. Kutungamira kwechiedza mushure mekunge charova chinhu chinopingamupinyi kwakasiyana nekutungamira kwekufamba kwechiedza chisati charova chipingamupinyi. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kuratidzwa kwechiedza chiitiko apo chiedza chinorova chipingamupinyi kuitira kuti gwara rechiedza richinje; gwara rekufamba kwechiedza mushure mekurova chinhu chinopingamupinyi rakasiyana negwara rekufamba kwechiedza chisati charova chipingamupinyi.

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Chinyorwa cheWavefront Ray Rain yechiedza

Tsanangudzo yewavefront

Kana ukakanda dombo mudziva remvura, mafungu emvura akatenderera anotama kubva pakati pedenderedzwa. Mumafungu emvura, mune maburi nematafura. Makomo emafungu kana mipata yemafungu inotama kubva pakati pedenderedzwa inogona kunzi iri pamberi pemafungu.

Mawavefront maviri ari pedyo zvikamu zviviri zvemafungu ane chikamu chimwe chete uye akaparadzaniswa newavelength imwe chete. Mawave peaks kana mawave valleys ane chikamu chimwe chete uye akaparadzaniswa newavelength imwe kana kupfuura anonzi wavefront. Kuwedzera kumafungu emvura, mafungu eruzha kana mafungu echiedza anewo wavefront. Kusiyana nemafungu emvura anofamba mundege kana nzvimbo chete, mafungu eruzha nemafungu echiedza anofamba muchadenga.

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