Zvidzidzo zveFizikisi zveBasic

Muedzo waPoiseuille

Chinyorwa pamusoro pePoiseuilles equation

Equation yaPoiseuille yakawanikwa naJean Louis Marie Poiseuille (1799-1869). Sezvakatsanangurwa, mvura yega yega inogona kutorwa semvura yakakwana. Mvura yakakodzera haina viscosity. Kana tikafungidzira kuti mvura yakakwana inoyerera mupombi, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chemvura chinofamba nemwero wakafanana (v). Kusiyana nemvura yakakodzera, mvura chaiyo yatinosangana nayo muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva ine viscosity. Nekuti ine viscosity, saka kana ichiyerera mupombi, semuenzaniso, mwero wechikamu chimwe nechimwe chemvura unosiyana. Rutivi rwemvura ruri pakati runofamba nekukurumidza (deep v), pane zvinopesana, rutivi rwemvura rwakabatana nepombi harufambi (v = 0). Saka kubva pakati kusvika kumucheto wepombi, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chemvura chinofamba nemwero wakasiyana. Kuti unzwisise zviri nyore, tarisa mufananidzo uri pazasi.

Viscocity

Mvura, zvinhu zvemvura negasi zvemhando dzakasiyana, zvine mwero wakasiyana wekupenya. Kupenya kupopotedzana pakati pemamorekuru anoumba mvura. Saka, mamorekuru anogadzira kupopotedzana kwemvura kana mvura yayerera. Muzvinwiwa, kupenya kunokonzerwa nemasimba ekubatana (anodhonza masimba pakati pemamorekuru akafanana). Asi muzvinhu zvegasi, kupenya kunokonzerwa nekusangana pakati pemamorekuru.

Mvura inoyerera iri nyore kuyerera, semuenzaniso, mvura. Kusiyana neizvi, mvura yakakora yakaoma kuyerera, semuenzaniso, mafuta anozorwa. Unogona kuratidza nekudurura mvura nemafuta panzvimbo yakakombama. Mvura inoyerera nekukurumidza kupfuura mafuta. Huremu hwemvura inoyererawo zvinoenderana nekupisa. Kana tembiricha yemvura yakakwira, mvura inotsvedza zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, kana amai vakakangwa hove mukicheni, mafuta ekubikisa ayo anotanga kukora anova mvura yakawanda kana apiswa. Kusiyana neizvi, tembiricha yechinhu chegasi yakakwira, ndipo panonyanya kukobvu mafuta egasi.

Capillarity

Simba reKubatana uye Kunamatira

Simba rekubatana isimba rinokwezva pakati pemamorekuru ari muchinhu chakafanana, nepo simba rinokwezva pakati pemamorekuru echinhu chisina kuenzana richinzi Simba rekubatana. Semuenzaniso, tinodurura mvura mugirazi. Kubatana kunoitika kana mamorekuru emvura achikwezvana, nepo kunamatira kunoitika kana mamorekuru emvura nemamorekuru egirazi achikwezvana.

Surface tension

Wakambotamba mabubbles esipo here? Mabubbles esipo akatenderera. Anonakidza. Anogona kuputirwa. Mushure mekubhururuka, mabubbles esipo anoputika. Wow, zvinonakidza, mutambo wehudiki. Sei mabubbles esipo akatenderera?

Ndapota mukai mangwanani, mobva maona mashizha akakomberedza imba. Tarisai madonhwe edova akabatana nemashizha. Zvinoshamisa; madonhwe edova akatenderera. Zvingaitika sei zvakadaro?

Kuomarara kwemvura kunoitika nekuti pamusoro pemvura panowanzo sungana zvekuti pamusoro payo panoita seganda rakatetepa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekubatana kwesimba pakati pemamorekuru emvura. Kuti unzwisise tsananguro iyi zviri nani, funga nezvemufananidzo unotevera. Tinoongorora mvura iri mumudziyo.

Archimedes musimboti

Chinyorwa pamusoro pemutemo weArchimedes

Ngarava ine huremu hwakakura hainyuri, asi dombo rine hudiki rinogona kunyura. Sei zvakadaro? Mhinduro yacho iri nyore kana uchinzwisisa pfungwa yekudzikama uye musimboti waArchimedes.

Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, tichaona kuti zvinhu zvinopinzwa mumvura, sedombo, zvine huremu hudiki pane zvinhu zvisiri mumvura. Ungawana zvakaoma kusimudza dombo kubva pasi, asi dombo rimwe chete rinosimudzwa nyore nyore kubva pasi pemvura yegungwa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nesimba rinoyerera. Kusimba kunoitika nekuda kwekusiyana kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura pakadzika kwakasiyana. Kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunowedzera nekudzika, ukobvu hwemvura, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunowedzera. Kana chinhu chikapinzwa mumvura, pachava nemusiyano mukumanikidzwa pakati pemvura iri pamusoro pechinhu nemvura iri pasi pechinhu. Mvura iri pasi pechinhu ine kumanikidzwa kwakakwira kupfuura mvura iri pamusoro pechinhu.

Pfungwa yaPascal

Chinyorwa pamusoro pemutemo wePascals

Nzira yekushanda kwe hydraulic lift inoshandiswa sei kusimudza mota? Ndeipi nzira yekushanda kwe hydraulic brakes kana ichishandiswa kuderedza kumhanya kwemotokari? Ndokumbirawo mudzidze Pascal's Principle kuti munzwisise izvi.

Mvura yega yega inogara ichimanikidza zvinhu zvese zviri mairi. Mvura yatinoisa mugirazi inomanikidza madziro egirazi. Saizvozvowo, kana tikageza mudziva rekushambira kana mumvura yegungwa, mvura yedziva kana mvura yegungwa inomanikidzawo muviri wedu wese.

Kumanikidzwa mumvura

Chinyorwa pamusoro pekumanikidzwa mumvura

Mufizikisi , kumanikidzwa kunotsanangurwa sesimba pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, uko kutungamira kwesimba kwakatarisana nenzvimbo yepamusoro. Pamasvomhu, kumanikidzwa kunoratidzwa ne equation P = F / A, apo P = kumanikidzwa, F = simba uye A = nzvimbo yepamusoro. Chikamu chesimba (F) ndiNewton (N), chikamu chenzvimbo i square meter (m ² ). Nekuti kumanikidzwa isimba pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, chikamu chesimba i N/m ^2. Rimwe zita reN/m ² ndiPascal (Pa). Pascal yakashandiswa sechikamu chesimba kukudza Blaise Pascal.

Density uye chaiyo giravhiti

Chinyorwa pamusoro peKuwanda uye simba regiravhiti

Density

Hunhu hunokosha hwechinhu ichi kuwanda. Kuwanda kwechinhu ndicho chiyero chehukuru nehukuru. Zvakanyorwa nemasvomhu:

ρ = m / V

ρ (rho) ibhii rechiGiriki rinowanzo shandiswa kuratidza density, m ihuremu uye V ivhoriyamu. Density yemvura yakafanana yakasiyana nedensity yechinhu chakasimba chakafanana. Semuenzaniso, simbi ine density yakafanana muchikamu chimwe nechimwe. Mumhepo yePasi, density yayo yakakura kubva pamusoro pePasi, density yayo idiki, nepo mumvura yegungwa, density yemvura yegungwa inowedzerawo. Density yemvura yakafanana inogona kutsamira pazvinhu zvakaita setembiricha nekumanikidzwa.

Mashandisirwo eBernoullis principle uye Bernoullis equation

Chinyorwa nezve Mashandisirwo eBernoullis principle uye Bernoullis equation

Dzidziso yaTorricelli

Kushandiswa kwemitemo yaBernoulli uye maequations aBernoulli 1 Imwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa naBernoulli ndeyekuverenga kumhanya kwekubuda kwemvura kubva pasi pemudziyo (ona mufananidzo).

Tinoshandisa equation yaBernoulli panzvimbo yekutanga (pamusoro pemudziyo) uye nzvimbo yechipiri (pamusoro pegomba). Nekuti dhayamita yegomba riri pasi pemudziyo idiki zvikuru pane dhayamita yemudziyo, kumhanya kwemvura iri pamusoro pemudziyo kunoonekwa se zero (v ₁= 0). Nzvimbo yepamusoro pemudziyo nepamusoro pegomba zvakavhurika kuitira kuti kumanikidzwa kwakaenzana nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo (P ₁= P ₂). Saka, equation yaBernoulli yenyaya iyi ndeiyi:

Mutemo weBernoullis uye equation yeBernoullis

Chinyorwa pamusoro peBernoullis principle uye Bernoullis equation

Patinotasva mudhudhudhu, mbatya dzatinopfeka dzinozvimba kumashure. Dzimwe nguva, kana mhepo ikavhuvhuta nesimba, gonhi rinogona kuvharika. Kunyange zvazvo mhepo ichivhuvhuta kunze kwemba, gonhi riri mukati memba.

Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa uchishandisa musimboti waBernoulli. Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782) akawana musimboti waigona kushandiswa kutsanangura chiitiko chiri pamusoro apa.

Mutemo waBernoulli