Kuti unzwisise mufananidzo wechinhu chakagadzirwa negirazi rakakombama, dzidza mienzaniso yematambudziko nemhinduro dziri pazasi. Munyaya ino, chinhu chacho chinofungidzirwa chiri kure negirazi rakakombama, wobva wadhirowa mufananidzo wacho negirazi rakakombama,
daro remufananidzo kubva pagirazi rakakombama uye kukura kwemufananidzo wakagadzirwa negirazi rakakombama.
Funga nezvegirazi rakakombama rine urefu hwemasendimita makumi maviri. Dhirowa kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wobva waona daro remufananidzo uye kukura kwemufananidzo kana:
a) daro rezvinhu diki pane daro rehurefu hwefocal (ita
b) zvinhu zviri panzvimbo yakatarisana negirazi (do = f)
c) zvinhu zviri pakati penzvimbo dzinotariswa nepakati penzvimbo inotenderera girazi (f < do
d) zvinhu zviri pakati pegirazi rakakombama (do = R)
e) daro rezvinhu rakakura kupfuura dhayamita yekukombama kwegirazi (do > R)
Anozivikanwa:
Kureba kwegirazi rakakombama (f) = 20 cm
Kureba kwegirazi rakakombama kwakanaka nekuti chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pegirazi rakakombama.
Nharaunda yekukombama (R) = 2 f = 2 (20) = 40 cm
Solution:
Kureba kwechinhu kudiki pane kureba kwegirazi rakakombama (do <f)
Ngatitii daro rezvinhu kubva pagirazi i5 cm, 10 cm, uye 15 cm.
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Kureba kwefocal (f) = 20 cm uye kana chinhu chiri kure (do) = 5 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) :
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/5 = 1/20 – 4/20 = -3/20
di = -20/3 = -6.7 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) ine chiratidzo chekuramba chinoreva kuti mumvuri uri pakombiyuta, kana kuti mufananidzo uri kuseri kwegirazi rakakombama uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) 6.7 cm yakakura kupfuura daro rechinhu (do) 5cm
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) :
M = -di / do = -(-6.7)/5 = 6.7 / 5 = 1.3 kanomwe
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kunodarika 1 zvichireva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu chacho.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kune chiratidzo chakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wakamira.
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Kureba kwefocal (f) = 20 cm uye kana chinhu chiri kure (do) = 10 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) :
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/10 = 1/20 – 2/20 = -1/20
di = -20/1 = -20 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) ine chiratidzo chekuramba chinoreva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta, kana kuti mufananidzo uri kuseri kwegirazi rakakombama uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) 20 cm yakakura kupfuura daro rechinhu (do) 10cm
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) :
M = -di / do = -(-20)/10 = 20/10 = kaviri
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kwakapfuura 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu chacho
Kukura kwemumvuri (M) kune chiratidzo chakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wakamira.
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Kureba kwefocal (f) = 20 cm uye kana chinhu chiri kure (do) = 15 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) :
1/di= 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/15 = 3/60 – 4/60 = -1/60
di = -60/1 = -60 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) ine chiratidzo chekuramba chinoreva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta, kana kuti mufananidzo uri kuseri kwegirazi rakakombama uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) 60 cm yakakura kupfuura daro rechinhu (do) 15cm
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) :
M = -di / do = -(-60)/15 = 60/15 = kaviri
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kunodarika 1 zvichireva kuti saizi yemumvuri yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu chacho.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kune chiratidzo chakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wakamira.
Zvinhu zviri panzvimbo yepakati pegirazi rakakombama (do = f)
Zvinhu zviri panzvimbo yekutarisa girazi rakakombama, saka daro rechinhu (do) = kureba kwekutarisa (f) = 20 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di):
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/20 = 0
pa = 0
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M):
M = di / do = 0
Kana chinhu chiri kure (do) yakaenzana nehurefu hwegirazi (f) saka hapana mufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi.
Chinhu chiri pakati penzvimbo inotarisa nepakati pegirazi rakakombama (f) do <R)
Ngatitii daro rechinhu kubva pagirazi i25 cm, 30 cm, uye 35 cm.
1) Kureba kwefocal (f) = 20 cm uye kana chinhu chiri kure (do) = 25 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) :
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/25 = 5/100 – 4/100 = 1/100
di = 100/1 = 100 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) kwakasainwa zvakanaka zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi, kana kuti mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama apo chiedza chinopfuura nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) 100 cm kwakakura kupfuura daro rechinhu (do) 25 cm
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) :
M = -di / do = -(100)/25 = -4 kanomwe
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kunodarika 1 zvichireva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu chacho.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kune chiratidzo chekuramba zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.
2) Kureba kwefocal (f) = 20 cm uye kana chinhu chiri kure (do) = 30 cm
Daro remufananidzo (di) :
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = 1/60
di = 60/1 = 60 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) kwakasainwa zvakanaka zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi, kana kuti mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama apo chiedza chinopfuura nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) 60 cm kwakakura kupfuura daro rechinhu (do) 30 cm
Kukura kwemutsetse yemufananidzo (M) :
M = -di / do = -60/30 = -2 kanomwe
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kwakapfuura 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu chacho
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kune chiratidzo chekuramba zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.
3) Kureba kwefocal (f) = 20 cm uye kana chinhu chiri kure (do) = 35 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) :
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/35 = 7/140 – 4/140 = 3/140
di = 140/3 = 46.7 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) kwakasainwa zvakanaka zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi, kana kuti mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama apo chiedza chinopfuura nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) 46.7 cm kwakakura kupfuura daro rechinhu (do) 35 cm
Kukura kwemufananidzo kwakarongeka (M) :
M = -di / do = -46.7 / 35 = -1.3 kanomwe
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kunodarika 1 zvichireva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu chacho.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kune chiratidzo chekuramba zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.
Chinhu chiri pakati pegirazi rakakombama (do = R)
Chinhu chiri pakati pegirazi rakakombama saka daro rechinhu (s) = radius yekukombama kwegirazi (R) = 40 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di):
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/40 = 2/40 – 1/40 = 1/40
di = 40/1 = 40 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) kwakasainwa zvakanaka zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi, kana kuti mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama apo chiedza chinopfuura nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) 40 cm kwakaenzana nedaro rechinhu (do) 40 cm
Kukura kwemufananidzo kwakarongeka (M):
M = -di / do = -40/40 = -1
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kwakaenzana ne1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakaenzana nehukuru hwechinhu chacho.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kune chiratidzo chekuramba zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.
Kureba kwechinhu kwakakura kupfuura dhayamita yekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama (do > R)
Ngatitii daro rezvinhu kubva pagirazi i45 cm, 50 cm uye 60 cm.
1) Kureba kwefocal (f) = 20 cm uye kana chinhu chiri kure (do) = 45 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) :
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/45 = 9/180 – 4/180 = 5/180
di = 180/5 = 36 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) kwakasainwa zvakanaka zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi, kana kuti mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama apo chiedza chinopfuura nepamufananidzo.
Daro remufananidzo (di) 36 cm diki pane dariro rechinhu (do) 45 cm
Kukura kwemufananidzo kwakarongeka (M) :
M = -di / do = -(36)/45 = -0.8 kanomwe
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kwakakura kupfuura 1 zvichireva kuti saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu chacho.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kune chiratidzo chekuramba zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.
2) Kureba kwefocal (f) = 20 cm uye kana chinhu chiri kure (do) = 50 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) :
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/50 = 5/100 – 2/100 = 3/100
di = 100/3 = 33.3 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) kwakasainwa zvakanaka zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi, kana kuti mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama apo chiedza chinopfuura nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) 33 cm kudiki pane kureba kwechinhu (do) 50 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo kwakarongeka (M) :
M = -di / do = -33/50 = -0.7 kanomwe
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kwakakura pane 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu chacho.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kune chiratidzo chekuramba, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.
3) Kureba kwefocal (f) = 20 cm uye kana chinhu chiri kure (do) = 60 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) :
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/60 = 3/60 – 1/60 = 2/60
di = 60/2 = 30 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di) kwakasainwa zvakanaka zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi, kana kuti mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama apo chiedza chinopfuura nepamufananidzo.
Daro remufananidzo (di) 30 cm diki pane dariro rechinhu (do) 60 cm
Kukura kwemufananidzo kwakarongeka (M) :
M = -di / do = -30/60 = -0.5 kanomwe
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kwakakura kupfuura 1 zvichireva kuti saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu chacho.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) kune chiratidzo chekuramba, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.
