Chinyorwa pamusoro peZvimiro zvemufananidzo zvakagadzirwa negirazi rakatetepa
Kureba kwechinhu kudiki pane kureba kwegirazi rakakombama (do < f)
Zvichibva pakuverenga kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakatetepa, zvakagumiswa kuti kana daro rechinhu (do) riri diki pane urefu hwefocal (f), saka hunhu hwemufananidzo ndeihu:
- Virtual zvinoreva kuti chiedza hachipfuuri nepamufananidzo
- Wakarurama
- Chinhu chiri kure negirazi rakakombama, saizi yemufananidzo inowedzera kukura.
– Chinhu chiri kure negirazi rakakombama, mufananidzo uri kure negirazi rakakombama
Zvinhu zviri panzvimbo yepakati pegirazi rakakombama (do = f)
Zvichibva pakuverenga kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakamonana, zvinogumiswa kuti kana chinhu chiri panzvimbo yepakati pegirazi rakamonana, hunhu hwemufananidzo ndeihu:
- Virtual zvinoreva kuti chiedza hachipfuuri nepamufananidzo
- Wakarurama
- Mufananidzo uri kure zvishoma
Chinhu chiri pakati penzvimbo inotarisisa nepakati pekukombama (f < do
Zvichibva pakuverenga kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakatetepa, zvakagumiswa kuti kana chinhu chiri pakati penzvimbo yakatarisana nedhayasi yegirazi rakakombama, hunhu hwemufananidzo ndehwekuti:
- Chaizvo zvinoreva kuti chiedza chinopfuura nepamufananidzo
- Yakapindurwa
- Kureba kwechinhu kubva pagirazi rakakombama, saizi yemufananidzo inoderera
– Chinhu chiri kure negirazi rakakombama, mufananidzo uri pedyo negirazi rakakombama
Zvinhu zviri pakati pekukombama (do = R)
Zvichibva pakuverenga kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakamonana, zvinogumiswa kuti kana chinhu chiri pakati pegirazi rakamonana, hunhu hwemufananidzo ndeihu:
- Chaizvo zvinoreva kuti chiedza chinopfuura nepamufananidzo
- Yakapindurwa
– Saizi yemufananidzo = saizi yechinhu
– Kureba kwemufananidzo = kureba kwechinhu
Kureba kwechinhu kwakakura kupfuura radius yekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama (do > R)
Zvichibva pakuverenga kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakakombama, zvakagumiswa kuti kana daro rechinhu rakakura kupfuura radius yekukombama kwegirazi, hunhu hwemufananidzo ndehwekuti:
- Chaizvo zvinoreva kuti chiedza chinopfuura nepamufananidzo
- Yakapindurwa
- Kureba kwechinhu kubva pagirazi rakakombama, saizi yemufananidzo inoderera
– Chinhu chiri kure negirazi rakakombama, mufananidzo uri pedyo negirazi rakakombama.
- Chii chinonzi mufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi rakakombama kana chinhu chacho chikaiswa panzvimbo isingaperi?
Mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi, wakapinduka, uye wakaderera zvikuru. Unoumbwa pagirazi rakakombama.
- Tsanangura hunhu hwemufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi rakakombama kana chinhu chacho chikaiswa pamusoro pepakati pekukombama.
Mufananidzo wakagadzirwa ndewechokwadi, wakapinduka, uye wakaderera. Unoumbwa pakati pechinhu chakatarisana nepakati pechinotenderera.
- Chii chinoitika kumufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi rakakombama kana chinhu chacho chikaiswa pakati pekukombama?
Kana chinhu chiri pakati pekukombama, mufananidzo wacho unenge uri wechokwadi, wakapinduka uye une saizi yakafanana nechinhu chacho. Mufananidzo wacho unoumbwawo pakati pekukombama.
- Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoumba mufananidzo kana chinhu chacho chikaiswa pakati pepakati pekona nepakati pechitarisiko mugirazi rakakombama?
Muchiitiko ichi, mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi, wakapindurwa uye wakakudzwa. Unoumbwa kupfuura pakati pekukombama.
- Mufananidzo unoumbwa chii kana chinhu chacho chikaiswa panzvimbo yakatarisana negirazi rakakombama?
Mufananidzo wacho unoumbwa panguva isingaperi uye ndewechokwadi, wakachinja-chinja, uye wakakudzwa zvikuru.
- Mufananidzo unogadzirwa negirazi rakatetepa unoshanduka sei kana chinhu chikaiswa pakati pedanda nechinhu chinotariswa?
Kana chinhu chacho chikaiswa pakati pedanda negirazi rakakombama, mufananidzo wacho unenge wakagadzirwa uri chaiwo, wakamira, uye wakakudzwa. Mufananidzo wacho unoumbwa seri kwegirazi.
- Saizi yemufananidzo inoenzaniswa sei nehukuru hwechinhu kana chinhu chacho chikaiswa panzvimbo yakatarisana negirazi rakakombama?
Kana chinhu chacho chikaiswa panzvimbo yachinotarisa, saizi yemufananidzo yakakura zvikuru kana tichienzanisa nehukuru hwechinhu chacho, sezvo mufananidzo wacho uchiumbwa panguva isingaverengeki.
- Girazi rakachekwa rinogona kugadzira mifananidzo chaiyo uye chaiyo here? Tsanangura chikonzero.
Ehe, girazi rakakombama rinogona kuumba mifananidzo chaiyo neyechokwadi. Kana chinhu chikaiswa pakati pedanda nechinhu chakatarisana nacho, mufananidzo wacho unenge uri chaiwo, wakamira, uye wakakudzwa. Kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzese dzechinhu chacho, mufananidzo wacho unenge uri chaiwo uye wakapindurwa.
- Ko equation yegirazi ine hukama sei nehunhu hwemifananidzo inoumbwa negirazi rakakombama?
Equation yegirazi 1/f = 1/v + 1/u inobatanidza daro rechinhu (u), daro remufananidzo (v), uye urefu hwefocal (f). Equation iyi inobatsira mukufanotaura nzvimbo, hunhu, uye saizi yemufananidzo. Pano, girazi rakakombama rine urefu hwefocal husina kunaka, chinhu chaicho chine daro rechinhu chisina kunaka, uye mufananidzo chaiwo une daro remufananidzo risina kunaka.
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Chii chinorehwa nekukudza mufananidzo wakagadzirwa negirazi rakakombama?
Kukura (m) kunotsanangurwa sechiyero chekukwirira kwemufananidzo (h₂) kusvika pakukwirira kwechinhu (h₁), kureva kuti, m = -v/u = h₂/h₁. Chiratidzo chekuramba chinoratidza kuti mufananidzo wapindurwa. Kana |m| > 1, mufananidzo wacho wakawedzerwa; kana |m| = 1, mufananidzo wacho wakaenzana nechinhu chacho; uye kana |m| < 1, mufananidzo wacho waderedzwa.
