Tsanangudzo yegirazi re convex
Imwe mhando yegirazi rinoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva igirazi rakamonana. Girazi rakamonana rine maumbirwo akakombama, uko pamusoro pegirazi, iro rinoratidza chiedza, rinokombama mberi.
Mashandisirwo egirazi rinotenderera
Kana wakamboona girazi remudhudhudhu kana remotokari, unoziva kare kushandiswa kwemagirazi akareba muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Magirazi aya anoshandiswa semagirazi ekutarisa kumashure nekuti mifananidzo yacho inoumbwa ne convex mirrors dzakamira, uye mifananidzo yacho midiki pane zvinhu zvekuti ine maonero akasiyana-siyana. Pamusoro pehukuru hwemufananidzo mudiki, zvese mufananidzo wakagadzirwa nemagirazi akajeka zviri paindaneti.
Nzvimbo inonyanya kukosha yegirazi re convex
Kana pamusoro pegirazi rinoburitsa chiedza pakatariswa chinhu chiri kure zvikuru senge mwaranzi yezuva, zvinoreva kuti chiedza chinoburitswa nezuva chinobuda.
ichaenderana nechikamu chikuru chegirazi, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Chikamu chikuru mutsetse wekufungidzira wakatarisana nepakati pechiso chegirazi. Mumufananidzo uri pazasi, chikamu chikuru chinoenderana nenzvimbo yekutarisa (F) yegirazi.
Kana ikarova pamusoro pegirazi, mwenje wega wega wechiedza unozadzisa mutemo wekuratidzira chiedza, uko kona yechiitiko yakafanana nekona yekuratidzira. Kana mutsetse wakakamurwa kubva pasi pechiedza chakakamurwa, mitsetse yese yakakamurwa inopindirana panzvimbo imwe chete, uye nzvimbo iyi inonzi focal point (F) yegirazi.
Ziso remunhu rinoona chiedza chichifamba munzira yakatwasuka uye chiedza chose chinoratidzwa sekunge chichibva panzvimbo yakatarisana negirazi. Nzvimbo yakatarisana ndiyo nzvimbo yemufananidzo wechinhu chiri kure kwazvo nepamusoro pegirazi, semuenzaniso, zuva nemufananidzo zviri paindaneti.
Kureba kwegirazi re convex
Kureba kwefocal (f) ndiko kureba kuri pakati pefocal point (F) nepamusoro pegirazi. Poindi C ndiyo poindi yepakati pegirazi rakakombama. Kureba kwefocal yegirazi rakakombama ndi f (focal length = f = FQ) uye radius yekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama ndi r (radius yekukombama = r = CQ = CP).
Ranzi rinopinda rinorova girazi paP robva raratidzwa negirazi re convex, uko chiedza chinoratidzwa chinoita sechinobva panzvimbo yekutarisa F. Mutsetse wakachekwa CP mutsetse wakajairika. Chiedza chinouya nechiedza chinoratidzwa zvinozadzisa mutemo wekuratidzira chiedza apo kona yechiitiko (θ) yakaenzana nekona yekuratidzira (θ), uye kona iyi yakaenzana nekona yetriangle PCQ (θ). Kona yetriangle PCQ yakafanana nekona yetriangle CPF, saka, triangle yePFC triangle yakaenzana. Nekuti triangle yePFC triangle yakaenzana, kureba kwePF kwakaenzana nehurefu hweCF. Tichifunga kuti upamhi hwegirazi hudiki pane radius yekukombama kwegirazi, hurefu hwePF hunoonekwa hwakaenzana nehurefu hweFQ. Nekuti CF = PF uye PF = FQ saka CQ = 2 CF = 2 FQ. CQ = r = radius yekukombama kwegirazi uye FQ = f = kureba kwegirazi. Saka, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti dhayamita yekukombama kwegirazi rakatenderedza (r) = 2x focal length (f) yegirazi rakatenderedza. Pamasvomhu:
r = 2f kana f = r / 2
Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakapfava
Magirazi akakombama anogona kuumba mifananidzo chaiyo neyechokwadi, nepo magirazi akakombama achingogadzira mifananidzo chaiyo. Nezvekuumbwa kwemufananidzo wechinhu nemagirazi akakombama, zvakatsanangurwa zvakadzama munyaya yekuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakakombama.
Virtual mufananidzo
Kana girazi rakatenderedzwa richiratidza chiedza chinouya pamusoro pegirazi rakatenderedzwa, divi rechiedza chakatenderedzwa rinoratidza chiedza.
Zvinoita sekuti zvinobva panzvimbo yepakati pegirazi rakamonana uye pakati penzvimbo yakamonana yegirazi rakamonana. Nekuti chiedza hachipfuuri kumashure kwegirazi rakamonana, mufananidzo unoumbwa mufananidzo chaiwo. Kana ukaisa skrini panzvimbo ine mufananidzo chaiwo, hapana mufananidzo uri pachidzitiro. Mufananidzo chaiwo uripo nekuti ziso remunhu rinoona mwaranzi yechiedza ichifamba yakatwasuka uye rinotaridzika sekunge mwenje iri kubva panzvimbo ine mufananidzo chaiwo.
