Tsanangudzo yegirazi rakatetepa
Rumwe rudzi rwegirazi rinoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva igirazi rakakombama. Girazi rakakombama igirazi rine chimiro chakakombama, apo pamusoro pegirazi rinoratidza chiedza chakakombama kumashure.
Mashandisirwo egirazi rakakombama
Kana uchida kuona ganda rako rechiso zvakajeka uye zvakadzama, vhara chiso chako pamusoro pegirazi rakakombama iro
inoburitsa chiedza kuitira kuti mufananidzo wechiso chako utaridzike wakakura uye maburi eganda rechiso aonekwe zvakajeka. Mufananidzo wechiso chako unotaridzika wakakura kupfuura chiso chako nekuti girazi rinokudza mufananidzo, apo izvi zvinoitika kana mufambo Chiso chako kubva pagirazi rakakombama chidiki pane kureba kwegirazi. Nekuti rinogona kuwedzera mifananidzo, magirazi akakombama anowanzo shandiswa nevakadzi kupfekedza uye kushandisa nevarume pavanenge vachigera ndebvu.
Magirazi aya anoshandiswawo mumarambi emoto uye magirazi emotokari. Kushandisa girazi patochi, magirazi emotokari, kana mamwe magirazi emoto kunoenderana nechiedza kuitira kuti mwenje yese ifambe yakananga mberi. Kana ukavhura chifukidziro chegirazi chetochi wosunungura girazi rakakombama, tochi inobuda ichave yakafara kumativi ese uye haigone kuvhenekera zvinhu kana nzvimbo dzemugwagwa dziri kure.
Kunze kwekushandiswa muma tochi kana mamwe ma lightlight, magirazi anoshandiswawo muma solar power plants. Mu solar power plant, girazi rakakombama rinounganidza chiedza chezuva, uye chiedza chose chinonangidzirwa kunzvimbo yepakati pegirazi, uko panzvimbo yepakati girazi rakakombama rinoiswa mumudziyo. Chiedza chezuva chinoshandiswa kupwanya mvura mumudziyo, uko mhute inoshandiswa kufambisa ma turbine anogadzira simba remagetsi.
Nzvimbo inonyanya kukosha yegirazi rakakombama
Kana pamusoro pegirazi rakakombama rinoratidza chiedza rikaratidzwa kune chinhu chiri kure zvikuru senge zuva, ipapo chiedza chinoburitswa nezuva chichaenderana nechikamu chikuru chegirazi rakakombama, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Chikamu chikuru mutsetse wakatwasuka wekufungidzira wakatarisana nepakati pepamusoro pegirazi rakakombama. Mumufananidzo uri pazasi, mitsetse mikuru yechikamu inoenderana nenzvimbo yekusangana kwemwaranzi yechiedza inoratidzwa.
Kana ikarova pamusoro pegirazi rakakombama, rambi rega rega rechiedza rinoteerera mutemo wekuratidzira chiedza. Pakati pemwaranzi yechiedza inoitika nemwaranzi yechiedza inoratidzwa, pane mutsetse wakajairika wakatarisana nepamusoro pegirazi unopfuudzwa nemwaranzi yechiedza, asi mutsetse wakajairika hauratidzwe.
Kona iri pakati pemwaranzi yechiedza inoitika nemutsetse wakajairika yakafanana nekona iri pakati pemwaranzi yechiedza inodzorwa nemutsetse wakajairika. Kusiyana negirazi replane rine nzvimbo yakati sandara zvekuti mitsetse yese yakajairika iri munzira imwe chete, mutsetse wakajairika wegirazi rakakombama hauna divi rimwe chete nekuti pamusoro pegirazi rakakombama rakakombama uye harina kutsetseka. Mwaranzi yese inodzorwa inopindirana pane imwe nzvimbo inoenderana ne axis huru, inonzi focal point (F). Nemamwe mashoko, focal point inzvimbo yemufananidzo wechinhu chiri kure zvikuru nepamusoro pegirazi rakakombama, senge zuva nenyeredzi.
Zvichibva pamutemo wekuratidzira chiedza, divi rechiedza kana kuti rambi rechiedza rinogona kudzoserwa shure, kusiyana nemufananidzo wekare. Kana zvikafungidzirwa kuti chiedza chiri panzvimbo yegirazi rakakombama, rambi rechiedza rinoburitswa nechinhu chacho rinoratidzwa nepamusoro pegirazi rakakombama. Kutungamira kwerambi rechiedza rinoratidzwa kwakafanana nechikamu chikuru chegirazi rakakombama. Iyi ndiyo nheyo huru iri shure kwekushandiswa kwemagirazi akakombama pamatochi, mwenje yemotokari, kana mamwe magirazi echiedza, kushandiswa kwemagirazi akakombama muzviteshi zvemagetsi ezuva.
Zvichibva patsananguro iri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kana paine chiedza chiri panzvimbo yepakati pegirazi rakakombama,
mwenje wechiedza unoburitswa nechinhu unoonekwa nepamusoro pegirazi rakakombama, uko mwenje unoonekwa wakaenzana nechikamu chikuru chegirazi rakakombama. Kusiyana neizvi, kana chinhu chiri kure kwazvo, mufananidzo wechinhu uri panzvimbo yakatarisana negirazi rakakombama. Kana chinhu chiri kure kwazvo chine mufananidzo panzvimbo yakatarisana, mufananidzo wechinhu uri kupi kana daro rechinhu kubva pamusoro pegirazi riri pamuganhu kana kuti riri pedyo? Kuti unzwisise izvi, ndapota dzidza nyaya ye kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakatetepa.
Kureba kwegirazi rakakombama
Kureba kwefocal (f) ndiko kureba kuri pakati pefocal point (F) nepamusoro pegirazi rakakombama. Zvinotevera zvinotsanangurwa kuti ungaziva sei kureba kwefocal girazi rakakombama uchishandisa mwaranzi yechiedza inoitika uye mwaranzi yechiedza inoratidzwa.
Poindi C ndiyo nzvimbo iri pakati pegirazi rakakombama. Hurefu hwegirazi rakakombama ndi f (focal length = f = FQ), uye radius yekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama ndi r (curvature radius = r = CQ = CP).
Mwenje wechiedza unorova girazi rakakombama paP wobva waratidzwa wakananga panzvimbo yekutarisa F. Mutsetse wakachekwa CP ndiwo mutsetse wakajairika. Mwenje wechiedza unouya nemwaranzi yechiedza inoratidzwa zvinozadzisa mutemo wekuratidzira chiedza, apo kona yechiitiko (θ) yakaenzana nekona yekuratidzira (θ) uye kona iyi yakaenzana nekona yetriangle PCQ (θ). Kona yetriangle yePCQ yakafanana nekona yetriangle CPF. Saka, triangle yePFC itriangle yakaenzana. Nekuti triangle yePFC itriangle yakaenzana, kureba kwePF kwakaenzana nehurefu hweCF. Tichifunga kuti upamhi hwegirazi hudiki pane radius yegirazi rakakombama, kureba kwePF kunoonekwa kwakaenzana nehurefu hweFQ. Nekuti CF = PF uye PF = FQ, saka CQ = 2 CF = 2 FQ. CQ = r = radius yekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama uye FQ = f = kureba kwegirazi rakakombama. Saka, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti nharaunda yekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama (r) = 2 x kureba kwefocal (f) kwegirazi rakakombama.
r = 2f kana f = r / 2
Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakatetepa
Magirazi eplane anogona kuumba mufananidzo chaiwo chete, nepo magirazi akakombama anogona kuumba mufananidzo chaiwo uye mufananidzo chaiwo. Mufananidzo wechinhu ndewechokwadi kana kuti uri chaiwo, zvichienderana nedaro rechinhu kubva pamusoro pegirazi rakakombama,
uye izvi zvakatsanangurwa zvakadzama munyaya ye kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakatetepa.
Mufananidzo chaiwo
Mufananidzo unongova wechokwadi kana mwenje wechiedza unoratidzwa ukayambuka nzvimbo iri mufananidzo. Kana skrini ikaiswa panzvimbo ine mufananidzo chaiwo, inoonekwa mwenje wechiedza pachikirini, uye mwenje uyu wechiedza une chimiro chechinhu. Kuvapo kwemifananidzo chaiyo inoumbwa nemagirazi akakombama ndicho chikonzero nei magirazi akakombama achishandiswa mumateresikopu emuchadenga. Nezve lenzi, uchaziva kuti kugona kwelenzi kugadzira mufananidzo chaiwo ndicho chikonzero chekushandiswa kwelenzi pateresikopu yemaziso.
Virtual mufananidzo
Mufananidzo unowanikwa uri paindaneti kana chiedza chinoratidzwa chikasapfuura nepanzvimbo ine mufananidzo. Kana skrini ikaiswa panzvimbo ine mufananidzo chaiwo, hapana chiedza chinoonekwa pachiratidziro. Mufananidzo chaiwo haupo, asi ziso remunhu rinoona chiedza chichifamba munzira yakatwasuka zvekuti zvinoita sekunge chiedza chiri kufamba chakananga kubva panzvimbo ine mufananidzo wacho.
