Chinyorwa nezve The concave mirror equation
Usati wawana equation yegirazi rakakombama, tanga waverenga mitemo yezviratidzo zvegirazi rakakombama riri pazasi.
Chiratidzo chinotonga girazi rakakombama
- Kureba kwechinhu (ita)
Kana chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rinotaridza chiedza, daro rechinhu (do) rakanaka.
- Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
Kana mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rinotaridza chiedza, uko chiedza chinopfuura nepamufananidzo, ipapo daro remufananidzo (di) nderekuti (mufananidzo chaiwo). Kana mufananidzo uri kuseri kwegirazi rinotaridza chiedza, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo, ipapo daro remufananidzo nderekuti (mufananidzo chaiwo).
– Nharaunda yekukombama (R)
Pakati pekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama pane pamberi pegirazi, iro rinoratidza chiedza. Nokudaro, radius yekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama iri yakanaka. Radius yekukombama iri yakanaka, saka urefu hwefocal (f) huriwo hwakanaka.
- Kureba kwechinhu (h)
Kana chinhu chiri pamusoro pe axis huru yegirazi rakakombama, kukwirira kwechinhu (h) kuri pachena (chinhu chakamira). Kusiyana neizvi, kana chinhu chiri pasi pe axis huru yegirazi rakakombama, kukwirira kwechinhu chacho kuri pachena (chinhu chakapindurwa).
– Kureba kwemufananidzo (h')
Kana mufananidzo uri pamusoro pe axis huru yegirazi rakakombama, kureba kwemufananidzo (h') kwakanaka (mufananidzo wakamira). Kana mufananidzo uri pasi pe axis huru yegirazi rakakombama, kureba kwemufananidzo kuri kure (mufananidzo wakapindurwa).
- Kukura kwemufananidzo (m)
Kana kukura kwemufananidzo > 1 saka saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu. Kana kukura kwemufananidzo = 1, saizi yemufananidzo yakafanana nehukuru hwechinhu. Kana kukura kwemufananidzo kuri < 1, saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu.
Kuenzanisa kwegirazi rakatetepa
Pamufananidzo uri pazasi, mwenje miviri yechiedza inokwezvwa kugirazi rakakombama, uye girazi rakakombama rinoratidza mwenje wechiedza.
s = do = chinhambwe chechinhu, s' = di = chinhambwe chemufananidzo, h = P P' = kureba kwechinhu, h' = Q Q' = kureba kwemufananidzo, F = nzvimbo inotarisa girazi rakakombama.
Mufananidzo uri pamusoro unoratidza maranzi maviri, P'BFQ' naP'AQ'. Ranzi reP'AQ rinozadzisa mutemo wekuratidzira chiedza. Saka, triangle yeP'AP yakafanana neQ'AQ. Saka:
Pa "ray" yeP'BFQ, triangle yeBFA yakafanana neQFQ' apo daro reAB = kureba kwechinhu (h) uye daro reFA = kureba kwefocal (f) kwegirazi rakakombama. Saka:
Kuruboshwe nekurudyi kwe equation 1 ne2 zvakafanana, saka equation yekurudyi yakaenzana:
Wedzera ma equation maviri nemufananidzo uri kure (mu):
do = daro rechinhu (zvakanaka kana chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama rinoratidza chiedza)
di = daro remufananidzo (rakanaka kana mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama unoratidza chiedza. Mufananidzo ndewechokwadi)
f = kureba kwefocal (kwakanaka nekuti nzvimbo yefocal yegirazi rakakombama iri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama rinoratidza chiedza)
Gara uchiyeuka mitemo yezviratidzo zvegirazi rakakombama paunenge uchishandisa equation iyi kugadzirisa matambudziko egirazi rakakombama.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (m)
Tarisa mufananidzo wekuumbwa kwemufananidzo uri pamusoro apa. Kufanana nematatu matatu ePAP 'neQAQ', tinogona kuderedza hukama huripo pakati pedaro rechinhu nedaro remufananidzo kusvika pakukwirira kwechinhu nekukwirira kwemufananidzo:
h = kureba kwechinhu (kwakanaka kana chinhu chiri pamusoro pe axis huru yegirazi rakakombama. Chinhu chacho chakamira. Kwakaipa kana chinhu chacho chakapindurwa)
h' = kureba kwemufananidzo (kwakanaka kana mufananidzo uri pamusoro pechikamu chikuru chegirazi rakakombama. Mufananidzo wacho wakamira. Wakaipa kana mufananidzo wacho wapindurwa)
do = chinhambwe chechinhu (chakanaka kana mwenje wechiedza ukapfuura nepakati pechinhu)
di = chinhambwe chemufananidzo (zvakanaka kana mwenje wechiedza uchipfuura nepamufananidzo. Mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi. Negative kana mwenje wechiedza uchipfuura nepamufananidzo. Mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta).
Equation iri pamusoro inogona kunyorwa zvakare sezviri pazasi nekuwedzera chiratidzo cha m:
m = kukura kwemufananidzo
