Zvidzidzo zveFizikisi zveBasic

Lenzi inobatana (yakatenderedzwa)

Chinyorwa nezve malenzi eConverging (convex)

Tsanangudzo ye lenzi ine convex

Rumwe rudzi rwemalenzi anoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva i lenzi ine convex. Lenzi ine convex i lenzi ine pakati pakakora nepo mipendero yakatetepa. Malenzi ane convex anowanzova akaita denderedzwa uye akagadzirwa negirazi kuitira kuti lenzi ive ne refractive index yakakwira kupfuura refractive index yemhepo.

Mhando dzema lenses e convex

Kazhinji, kune mhando nhatu dzema lenzi ane convex, umo chimiro che lenzi ine convex chakafanana nezviri kuratidzwa pazasi (side view).

Hunhu hwemufananidzo hunoumbwa ne lenzi yakasiyana-siyana

Chinyorwa nezve Hunhu hwemufananidzo hunoumbwa ne lenzi yakasiyana-siyana

Kureba kwechinhu kudiki pane kureba kwefocal ye lens yakakombama (do > f)

Zvichibva pakuverenga kuumbwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi yakakombama, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kana daro rechinhu (do) riri diki pane urefu hwe focal (f), saka hunhu hwemufananidzo ndeihu:

- Virtual zvinoreva kuti chiedza hachipfuuri nepamufananidzo

- Wakarurama

Equation yemalenzi akasiyana-siyana (concave)

Chinyorwa nezve Equation yema lenses akasiyana (concave)

Usati wawana equation ye lenzi yakakombama, tanga wanzwisisa mitemo yezviratidzo zve lenzi yakakombama.

Zviratidzo zvemitemo ye lenzi yakakombama

Inotevera ndiyo mitemo yezviratidzo zve lenzi yakakombama.

- Kureba kwechinhu (do)

Kana chinhu chiri parutivi rwelenzi chakafanana nekwakananga chiedza, saka daro rechinhu chacho rakanaka.

Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi yakatsauka (lenzi yakatetepa)

Chinyorwa pamusoro pekuumbwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi inochinja-chinja (lenzi yakatetepa)

Kuti unzwisise kuumbwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi yakakombama, tarisa mienzaniso inotevera yematambudziko nemhinduro. Muchiitiko ichi, chinhu chinofungidzirwa kuti chiri kure ne lenzi yakakombama,

wobva wadhirowa mufananidzo uchishandisa lenzi yakakombama, daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi yakakombama uye kukura kwemufananidzo uchishandisa lenzi yakakombama.

Kureba kwegirazi rakatetepa (diverging lens) i20 cm. Zvinhu zvine urefu hwe10 cm zviri kuruboshwe rwegirazi. Sarudza daro remufananidzo, kukura kwemufananidzo uye kukwirira kwemufananidzo, kana:

Madhayagiramu emiranzi emalenzi akapatsanurwa (akakombama)

Chinyorwa nezve madhayagiramu eRay emalenzi akasiyana-siyana (akaita seakakombama)

Kana chinhu chiri kudivi rimwe chete relenzi yakakombama, lenzi yakakombama inogona kuumba mufananidzo wechinhu chacho. Kana nzvimbo yechinhu iri kudivi rimwe chete relenzi yakakombama ichizivikanwa, ungadhirowa sei mufananidzo wechinhu chacho? Ngatitii chinhu chiri kuruboshwe rwelenzi yakakombama, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.

Madhayagiramu emiranzi emalenzi akasiyana-siyana 1 Mutsetse weorenji = lenzi yakakombama

Mutsetse webhuruu = mutsetse mukuru

Museve (girini) = chinhu

F₁ = kureba kwefocal 1 na F₂ = kureba kwefocal 2

Lenzi yakatetepa (yakasiyana-siyana)

Chinyorwa nezve malenzi akasiyana-siyana (akakombama)

Tsanangudzo yemalenzi akakombama

Rumwe rudzi rwemalenzi anoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva i lenzi yakakombama. Lenzi yakakombama i lenzi ine pakati pakatetepa nepo mipendero yakakora. Malenzi akakombama anowanzova akaita denderedzwa, kunyangwe painewo malenzi asina kutenderera. Malenzi akakombama, semalenzi akakombama, akagadzirwa negirazi kuitira kuti lenzi ive ne refractive index yakakura kupfuura refractive index yemhepo.

Mhando dzema lenzi akakombama

Kazhinji, kune marudzi matatu emalenzi akakombama, uko chimiro chelenzi chinoratidzika semufananidzo uri pazasi (maonero epadivi).

Hunhu hwemufananidzo hwakagadzirwa negirazi re convex

Chinyorwa pamusoro peZvimiro zvemufananidzo zvakagadzirwa negirazi re convex

Daro rechinhu diki pane kureba kwegirazi re convex (do < f)

Zvichibva pakuverenga kwe kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi re convex, Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kana daro rechinhu (do) riri diki pane urefu hwefocal (f), hunhu hwemufananidzo ndehwekuti:

– Virtual zvinoreva kuti chiedza hachipfuuri nemufananidzo nekuti mufananidzo uri kuseri kwegirazi rakatenderedza musoro

- Wakarurama

- Chinhu chiri kure negirazi rakatenderedzwa, saizi yemufananidzo inoderera.

Equation yegirazi rakajeka

Chinyorwa nezve Iyo convex mirror equation

Kutanga, nzwisisa mitemo yezviratidzo zvegirazi rakapinza.

Chiratidzo chinotonga girazi rakapinza

- Kureba kwechinhu (ita)

Kana chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rinotaridza chiedza, uko chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pechinhu chacho, saka daro rechinhu (ita) ari positive.

- Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)

Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakapfava

Chinyorwa pamusoro pekuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakatenderedza musoro

Kuti unzwisise kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi rakamonana, dzidza mienzaniso yematambudziko nemhinduro dziri pazasi. Muchiitiko ichi, chinhu chinofungidzirwa kuti chiri kure negirazi rakamonana,

wobva wadhirowa mufananidzo wacho uchishandisa girazi rakamonana, daro remufananidzo kubva pagirazi rakamonana uye kukura kwemufananidzo negirazi rakamonana.

Ngatitii girazi rakamonana rine dhayamita ye30 cm. Dhirowa kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wobva waona daro remufananidzo uye kukura kwemufananidzo, kana:

a) Daro rechinhu diki pane urefu hwefocal (do < f)

b) Kureba kwechinhu kwakafanana nehurefu hwefocal (do = f)

Madhayagiramu emirazvo egirazi rakatenderera

Chinyorwa pamusoro peRay diagrams yegirazi re convex

Kana chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rakamonana rinoburitsa chiedza, girazi rakamonana rinozoumba mufananidzo wechinhu chacho. Kana daro rechinhu kubva pagirazi rakamonana richizivikanwa, ungadhirowa sei mufananidzo wechinhu chacho? Ngatitii chinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rakamonana, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.

Madhayagiramu emiranzi yegirazi rakatenderedza girazi 1 Mutsetse weorenji = girazi rakatenderedza

Mutsetse webhuruu = mutsetse mukuru

Museve wegirini = chinhu

R = pakati pekukombama kwegirazi rakatenderedzwa

f = kutarisa kwegirazi rakatenderedza