Kusarudza Murume/Mukadzi
Kusarudza bonde inyaya yave ichinyanya kutariswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvesainzi, zvakaita sebiology, mushonga, uye kunyange sociology. Kunzwisisa kuti bonde rinoonekwa sei hakungokoshi chete kune sainzi pachayo asiwo kune zvakunoreva kuhutano, kodzero dzevanhu, uye mutemo wemagariro evanhu. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekusarudza bonde, kubva pahwaro hwaro hwebiological kusvika pamhedzisiro yaro munharaunda.
Hwaro hweBiological hweKusarudza Bonde
Panyaya yehupenyu, bonde remunhu rinowanzo tsanangurwa nekusanganiswa kwemachromosomes ebonde aanogara nhaka kubva kuvabereki vake. Mumhuka zhinji dzinoyamwisa, kusanganisira vanhu, nzira inonyanya kuzivikanwa yebonde ndiyo XY system. Munzira iyi, vanhu vane machromosomes maviri eX (XX) vanowanzo shanduka kuita vakadzi, nepo vanhu vane X chromosome imwe chete neY chromosome imwe (XY) vanowanzo shanduka kuita varume.
Kuziva bonde kunotanga pakusangana kwemurume nemukadzi, apo mbeu ine chromosome X kana Y inosanganisa zai rinogara riine chromosome X. Iyi spectrum inoonekwa pakutanga kwekukura, uye majini ari pamachromosome ebonde ndiwo anosarudza kukura kwehunhu hwebonde hwekutanga nehwechipiri.
Zvisinei, kuvapo kweY chromosome hakunyatso ratidza kukura kwemurume. Izvi zvinosanganisira majini akawanda nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoita basa mukukura kwepabonde. Semuenzaniso, SRY gene iri paY chromosome inokonzera kukura kwematestes, ayo anobva agadzira mahormone akaita se testosterone kukurudzira kukura kwehunhu hwemurume. Pasina SRY activity, gonadal tissue inokura kuita ovaries.
Kusiyana muKusarudza Bonde
Kunyangwe XY system iriyo inozivikanwa zvakanyanya, pane musiyano mukuru mukusarudza bonde muzvisikwa. Mamwe marudzi, akadai seshiri, anoshandisa ZW system, apo musanganiswa weZW unosarudza hadzi uye musanganiswa weZZ unosarudza hono. Mamwe marudzi anogona kushandisa zvinhu zvakaita sekupisa, kuti aone bonde. Semuenzaniso, mune zvimwe zvinokambaira, tembiricha yekufukidzwa kwemazai inogona kuziva bonde remwana.
Muvanhu, mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anogonawo kukanganisa kusarudza bonde, akadai se androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), umo munhu anenge ari murume (XY) asi asingapindure mahormone e androgen, nokudaro achikura hunhu hwemuviri hwechikadzi. Kunewo mamiriro ezvinhu akadai seTurner syndrome, umo munhu ane X chromosome imwe chete uye anowanzo gadzira hunhu hunogona kusiyana neXX norm.
Zvinokonzera Hunhu neTsika
Kusarudza bonde kune zvakunoreva zvakanyanya kwete chete pahutano asiwo pamagariro evanhu netsika. Pachivanhu, nzanga dzakawanda dzaiona bonde senyaya mbiri: murume nemukadzi. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa kuri nani kwekuchinja kwekusarudza bonde kunovhiringidza maonero aya uye kunotsigira kunzwisisa kwakazara kwebonde.
Tsika dzakawanda dzakagara dzichiziva vanhurume nevanhukadzi vanopfuura vaviri, uye sainzi yemazuva ano iri kuramba ichitsigira maonero ekuti vanhurume nevanhukadzi imhando dzakasiyana. Izvi zvinopesvedzera mitemo inoremekedza kodzero dzevanhu vangave vasina kukodzera muzvikamu zvechinyakare zvemabinary.
Kubva pamaonero evanhu, kupiwa basa repabonde kwakabatanawo zvakanyanya nekuzivikanwa kwemurume kana mukadzi, izvo zvisingawanzoenderana nebonde remuzvarirwo. Munhu akazvarwa ari murume anogona kuzviti mukadzi, kana kuti zvinopesana. Chiitiko chekuchinja hunhu hwepabonde chinoda kunzwisisa netsitsi padanho remunhu uye remutemo kudzivirira rusarura nekukurudzira kubatanidzwa.
Kusarudza Vanhurume Nevakadzi MuTekinoroji Yekurapa
Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekurapa kwakavhura nzira yekuziva zvepabonde mushure mekusununguka, kazhinji kuburikidza ne ultrasound kana kuongororwa kwemajini. Izvi zvinobatsira kune vakaroorana vari kuronga mhuri uye vari kugadzirira kurapwa kwevana vane mamwe majini asina kunaka kana ma chromosome.
Zvisinei, nzira iyi yakakonzerawo gakava rezvetsika. Chinhu chinowanzo netsa ndechekuti tekinoroji iyi inoshandiswa pakusarudza bonde, kunyanya munyika umo tsika dzinodiwa nevanhurume nevanhukadzi dzinogona kukonzera kusawirirana pakati pevanhurume nevanhukadzi uye kukanganisa magariro evanhu.
Remangwana rekusarudza bonde
Sezvo kunzwisisa kwedu nezve biology yemamorekuru uye majini kuchikura, remangwana rekusarudza bonde rinosanganisira kutsvakurudza kwakadzama padanho remajini kuti tione zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kukura kwebonde.
Kutsvaga ruzivo rwevanhu vane pabonde uye kusiyana kwaro kunogona kutungamira mukuvandudzwa kwemishonga inoshanda uye nzira dzekurapa dzine chekuita nekuona pabonde. Uyezve, dzidzo neruzivo rweveruzhinji nezvekusiyana kwepabonde uye kuzivikanwa kwepabonde zvinogona kubatsira kusimudzira nzanga inosanganisirwa vanhu vose uye yakaenzana.
Munzanga, kune kurudziro iri kukura yekuziva nekupemberera kusiyana kwevanhurume nevanhukadzi. Izvi zvinoonekwa mukuwedzera kwekutsigira kodzero dzevanhukadzi nevanhukadzi pamwe nekufamba kwekubvisa mafungiro asina kunaka evanhukadzi nevanhurume.
Mhedziso
Kusarudza bonde chinhu chakaoma chine hwaro hwakajeka hwechisikigo, asi chine zvazvinoreva zvakawanda muhupenyu hwevanhu. Kuvandudza kunzwisisa kwedu maitiro aya kunogona kutibatsira kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo rwakadzama uye kugadzira mitemo inoremekedza kusiyana kwevanhu. Nekuramba tichiongorora nekunzwisisa mativi akasiyana ebonde nebonde, tinogadzirira nzira yenzanga inonzwisisa uye inokoshesa misiyano iyi zviri nani.
