Maitiro uye Pakati: Tsananguro uye Mashandisirwo muStatistics
Statistics ibazi remasvomhu rinobata nekuunganidza, kuongorora, kududzira, kuratidzwa, uye kurongeka kwedata. Mustatistics, zviyero zvakasiyana-siyana zvekupararira uye zvinoumba data pakati zvinoshandiswa kuongorora nekunzwisisa. Zviviri zvezvinonyanya kukosha ndezvokuti mode ne median. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura kuti mode ne median chii, maitiro ekuzviita, uye kukosha kwazvo mukuongorora data.
Chii chinonzi Mode?
Modhi ndiyo kukosha kunowanzoitika mudata. Zviri pachena kuti modhi ndiyo kukosha kana chikamu chine frequency yakanyanya mukugoverwa kwedata. Mamodhi anogona kushandiswa padata re categorical, ordinal, interval, uye ratio. Kusiyana ne mean ne median, modhi haisi nguva dzose yakasiyana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, data rinogona kunge riine nzira dzinopfuura imwe chete (bimodal kana multimodal) kana kusava nemodhi zvachose kana zvese zvikaitika nefrequency yakaenzana.
Maitiro Ekuverenga Mode
Kuverenga modhi kuri nyore kwazvo. Unongoda kuona kukosha kunowanikwa kakawanda mudata. Heino muenzaniso uri nyore:
Ngatitii tine seti yedata inotevera: 3, 7, 5, 9, 7, 6, 7, 2.
Museti iyi yedata, kukosha 7 kunoonekwa katatu, kupfuura chero imwe kukosha. Saka, maitiro eseti iyi yedata i7.
Kuti uwane data rakaomarara kana data remapoka, ungangoda kuronga mafrequency echinhu chimwe nechimwe kuti uzvione zviri nyore.
Muenzaniso weRuzivo rweZvikamu:
Ongororo yakaitwa kuti iwane mavara emota anonyanya kufarirwa: Dzvuku, Bhuruu, Dema, Chena, Dema, Bhuruu, Bhuruu.
Mumuenzaniso uyu:
- Tsvuku inoonekwa kamwe chete
- Bhuruu rinoonekwa katatu
- Nhema inoonekwa kaviri
- Chena inoonekwa kamwe chete
Nzira yedata iri ndeyeBhuruu, nekuti iri ndiro ruvara runonyanya kutaurwa (katatu).
Kana Mode Isina Kujairika Kana Kuti Isipo
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, data rinogona kunge riine nzira dzinopfuura imwe chete kana kusatombova nemodhi zvachose. Muenzaniso:
Nzira mbiri kana dzakawanda:
Seti yedata: 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7
Mumuenzaniso uyu, kukosha 4, 5, uye 6 chimwe nechimwe chinoonekwa kaviri. Nokudaro, seti iyi yedata ine modal yakawanda ine modes dze 4, 5, uye 6.
Hapana Modhi:
Seti yeData: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Kukosha kwega kwega kunoonekwa kamwe chete, saka hapana modhi mudataseti iyi.
Chii chinonzi Median?
Iyo median ndiyo kukosha kwepakati mu data rakarongeka. Inokamura data rakagadzirwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvakaenzana, hafu yemitengo iri pasi pe median uye imwe hafu iri pamusoro pe median. Iyo median inowanzoshandiswa nekuti haikanganisike nemitengo yakanyanyisa kana kuti zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki sepakati, nokudaro ichipa chiratidzo chiri nani chepakati pekugoverwa kwedata kana data racho riine kutsauka kukuru.
Maitiro Ekuverenga Median
Matanho ekuverenga medium ndeaya anotevera:
1. Ronga data nenzira iri kukwira.
2. Kana nhamba yedata (N) isina kuenzana, iyo yepakati ndiyo kukosha kuri pakati.
3. Kana nhamba yedata (N) yakaenzana, avhareji ndiyo avhareji yemitengo miviri iri pakati.
Muenzaniso:
Seti yedata ine nhamba dzisina kuenzana:
Seti yeData: 3, 7, 5, 9, 6
Ronga: 3, 5, 6, 7, 9
Pakati: 6 (kukosha kuri pakati)
Seti yedata ine nhamba yakaenzana:
Seti yedata: 3, 7, 5, 9, 6, 8
Ronga: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Pakati: (6 + 7) / 2 = 6.5
Pakati peData reCategorical
Kunyange zvazvo medium ichinyanya kushandiswa kune data rinoenderera mberi kana data re ordinal, inogonawo kushandiswa kune data re categorical rine kurongeka kwakajeka.
Mienzaniso yeRuzivo rweCategorical (Ordinal):
Kuongororwa kweVhidhiyo: Zvakanaka, Zvakanaka Kwazvo, Zvakanaka, Zvakanaka Kwazvo, Zvakanaka
Ronga nehurongwa: Zvakanaka, Zvakanaka, Zvakanaka, Zvakanaka Kwazvo, Zvakanaka Kwazvo
Pakati: Yakanaka (yechitatu yepakati)
Simba neUtera hweMedian
Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zvepakati ndechekuti inonzwa sei nezvezvinhu zvisingawanikwe. Semuenzaniso, ngatitii tine data remari inowanikwa uye CEO ane mari yakawanda zvikuru anosanganisirwa. Pakati pepakati pachave nemufananidzo chaiwo wemari inowanikwa pakati penyika kupfuura avhareji, izvo zvingakanganiswa nemitengo yakanyanyisa. Zvisinei, dambudziko repakati penyika nderekuti mumadata madiki, data risipo kana kuti risina kururama rinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mhedzisiro.
Mode vs Median vs Mean
Zvese zviri zviviri nzira, nzira yepakati, uye nzira yepakati zvinoyera tsika yepakati zvinopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvehunhu hwekugoverwa kwedata.
– Avhareji: Avhareji yemasvomhu yedata rese. Inonyanya kunzwisisika kune zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki.
– Pakati: Kukosha kwepakati kwedata rakarongeka. Hazvina kunzwisiswa nezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki.
– Modhi: Kukosha kunowanzoonekwa. Inobatsira padata rezvikamu.
Chimwe nechimwe chine mashandisirwo acho nezvachinokanganisa, uye dzimwe nguva chinoshandiswa pamwe chete kuti chipe mufananidzo wakakwana.
Kusarudza Saizi Yakakodzera
Kusarudza chiyero chakakodzera chepfungwa huru kunoenderana nerudzi rwedata uye chinangwa chekuongorora.
- Kana data racho riine zvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi kana kuti risingawanzo goverwa, nzira yepakati inogona kunge yakakodzera.
- Kana uchifarira kukosha kwakajairika kana chikamu chinotonga, modhi yacho ichave inobatsira zvikuru.
- Kana data racho richiwanzogoverwa pasina zvinhu zvisingawanikwe nevamwe, avhareji inogona kupa mufananidzo wakanaka.
Semuenzaniso, mukuongorora musika wezvivakwa, nzira yepakati inowanzo shandiswa kutsanangura mitengo yedzimba nekuda kwekusiyana kwakanyanya kwemitengo. Muongororo dzemaonero everuzhinji, nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa kuona sarudzo inonyanya kufarirwa.
Mhedziso
Nzira uye nzira yepakati zviyero zviviri zvinobatsira zvikuru zvetsika huru muhuwandu hwezviverengero. Kunyangwe zvichipa ruzivo rwakasiyana, zvinogona kurerutsa nekupfupisa hunhu hukuru hweseti yedata, zvichibatsira mukuita sarudzo zvichibva padata iroro. Kuvapo kwavo, pamwe chete neavhareji, kunobvumira vaongorori nevaongorori kuwana mufananidzo wakakwana wedata ravari kudzidza.
