Magnetic Fields: Zviitiko uye Mashandisirwo Azvo Munyika Yemazuva Ano
Masimba emagineti ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvechisikigo uye ine basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwedu, kubva pakufamba nyore uchishandisa kambasi kusvika kumashandisirwo akasimba mu tekinoroji yemazuva ano senge mushonga nekutaurirana. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora kuti simba remagineti chii, mashandiro aro, uye mashandisirwo aro akasiyana-siyana munyika yanhasi.
Chii chinonzi Magnetic Field?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, simba remagineti inzvimbo yakatenderedza magineti uko masimba emagineti anogona kunzwikwa. Magineti pachayo chinhu chinogona kukwezva kana kudzinga zvimwe zvinhu zvine hunhu hwemagineti. Kana magineti akaiswa mukati mesimba remagineti, inoratidza simba rinonzi simba remagineti. Simba remagineti rinowanzo kuratidzwa nemitsara yesimba remagineti inobva kumucheto wekuchamhembe ichipinda mumucheto wekumaodzanyemba kwegineti.
Simba remagineti rinotsanangurwa nehuwandu uchishandisa vector yesimba remagineti, iro rine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: simba resimba remagineti (H) uye magnetic induction (B). Maequations aMaxwell iequations dzakasiyana dzinotsanangura hukama huripo pakati pemagetsi nemagetsi uye kuti anosiyana sei munzvimbo nenguva.
Manyuko eMagineti eMunda
1. Magineti Anogara Aripo: Magineti anoramba aripo zvinhu zvinogadzira simba remagineti pasina kushandisa chinhu chekunze kana simba. Magineti aya anogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita sesimbi, cobalt, nickel, kana mamwe masimbi alloys. Mienzaniso yakajairika inosanganisira magineti anoshandiswa mumafiriji nemakompasi.
2. Magetsi: Magetsi imagneti inogadzirwa nemagetsi. Kana magetsi emagetsi achifamba nepawaya, anogadzira simba remagineti rakatenderedza waya. Magetsi anogona kudzorwa nekuti simba rawo remagineti rinogona kuchinjwa nekugadzirisa simba remagetsi rinopfuura nepaari, zvichiita kuti ashande zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.
3. Simba reMagineti rePasi: Pasi redu pacharo isimba guru remagineti. Pakati pePasi, pakagadzirwa nesimbi inofamba uye nickel, panogadzira simba remagineti rinozivikanwa sesimba remagineti rePasi. Simba iri rinokosha pakufamba uye rinotidzivirira kubva kuzvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinobva kuzuva nenzvimbo dzekunze.
Mashandisirwo eMagineti Munda
1. Kufamba-famba
Makore anopfuura zviuru zviviri apfuura, vafambisi vengarava vekuChina vaishandisa macompass emagnetic pakufamba. Macompass anoshanda nepfungwa yekuti tsono yemagineti inogara ichinongedzera kumucheto wekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kwePasi. Izvi zvakabvumira vafambisi vengarava nevagari vemo kuti vaone kwavanoenda mugungwa risina zviratidzo zvakajeka zvenzvimbo.
2. Kuchengetedza Data
Tekinoroji yekuchengetedza data yafambira mberi nekukurumidza, uye magineti ndiwo hwaro hwemazhinji ematekinoroji aya ekuchengetedza, akadai semadhisiki edhisiki (HDDs). MumaHDD, data rinochengetwa muchimiro chemagineti pasimbi. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chedata chinomiririrwa nekutarisa kwesimba remagineti rezvikamu zviri pamusoro pedhisiki.
3. Zvekurapa
Munyika yezvekurapa, simba remagineti rinoita basa rakakosha. Kuongororwa kwemifananidzo uchishandisa Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tekinoroji imwe inoshandisa simba remagineti. MRI inoshandisa simba remagineti rakasimba nemafungu eredhiyo kugadzira mifananidzo yakadzama yenhengo nematishu ari mumuviri, zvichibatsira vanachiremba kuongorora nemazvo uye kuronga kurapwa.
4. Maindasitiri neKugadzira
Masimba emagineti anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya muindasitiri nekugadzira. Semuenzaniso, mukuita kwewelding, masimba emagineti anoshandiswa kutungamira kufamba kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Mukugadzirisa simbi, masimba emagineti anogona kushandiswa kuparadzanisa ferromagnetic nezvinhu zvisiri zveferromagnetic, kana kupisa simbi uchishandisa electromagnetic induction.
5. Kutaurirana neMagetsi
Masimba emagineti anoshandiswa mukutaurirana nefoni uye muzvishandiso zvemagetsi, zvakaita sema microchips. Semuenzaniso, ma transformer anoshandiswa mukuparadzira simba anoshanda nepfungwa ye magnetic induction. Ma loudspeaker nema microphone anoshandisawo magineti kushandura masaini emagetsi kuita ruzha uye zvinopesana.
6. Zvitima zveMaglev
Tekinoroji dzemazuva ano dzekufambisa dzakadai semagineti levitation (maglev) dzinoshandisawo magineti. Mumagineti, magineti anoshandiswa kusimudza chitima pamusoro penjanji uye kuchifambisa mberi. Izvi zvinoita kuti chifambe zvakanaka uye nekukurumidza nekuti chitima hachibatani zvakananga nenjanji, zvichideredza kukweshana uye kupera simba.
Mashandiro anoita Magnetic Fields
Mitemo yaBiot-Savart naAmpère
Mitemo yeBiot-Savart neAmpère ndiyo mitemo mikuru inoshandiswa kuverenga simba remagineti rinogadzirwa nemagetsi. Mutemo weBiot-Savart unoti simba remagineti panzvimbo inogadzirwa nechinhu chemagetsi chisingaperi rinoenderana zvakananga nemagetsi nehurefu hwechinhu chemagetsi uye rinoenderana nechikamu chedaro kubva kuchinhu.
Mutemo waFaraday
Mutemo waFaraday we magnetic induction unotsanangura kuti simba remagineti rinoshanduka rinogona sei kugadzira magetsi. Iyi ndiyo nheyo huru iri shure kwemajenareta emagetsi akawanda nematransformer. Kana simba remagineti rakatenderedza kondakita richichinja, kondakita inogadzira magetsi asina kunaka mudenderedzwa rakavharwa.
Mutemo waLenz
Mutemo waLenz ipfungwa inozadzisa Mutemo waFaraday. Mutemo uyu unoti kutungamira kwesimba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nesimba remagetsi rinoshanduka kunogara kuri kwekuti simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nesimba iri rinopikisa shanduko yekutanga mumunda wemagetsi.
Nheyo yeKugadzirwa kweElectromagnetic
Kupinza simba remagetsi (electromagnetic induction) chiitiko umo simba remagineti rinoshanduka muconductor rinoburitsa simba remagetsi (electromotive force - EMF). Chiitiko ichi ndicho hwaro hwekushanda kwematransformer, mota dzemagetsi, uye majenareta. Iyi nheyo inoshandiswawo muzvishandiso zvakawanda zvemagetsi zvatinoshandisa zuva nezuva.
Chidzidzo Chemuenzaniso: Kushandiswa Kwemagineti MuTekinoroji Yemazuva Ano
MRI munyika yezvekurapa
MRI inoshandisa simba remagineti rakasimba kugadzira simba remagineti rakafanana rakatenderedza muviri wemurwere. Mafungu eredhiyo anobva ashandiswa kukanganisa simba remagineti iri, zvichiita kuti mapurotoni ari mumuviri wemurwere atore simba uye achinje nzira yaanotarisa. Kana mafungu eredhiyo amira, mapurotoni anodzokera panzvimbo dzawo dzepakutanga oburitsa simba rinotorwa muchimiro chechiratidzo, icho chinozogadziriswa kuita mufananidzo.
Chitima cheMaglev muJapan
Zvitima zveMaglev ndeimwe yenzira dzekufambisa dzepamusoro-soro, dzinoshandisa simba remagineti kusimudza nekusundidzira zvitima pasina kusangana zvakananga nenjanji. Sisitimu iyi inoderedza kukweshana uye inobvumira zvitima kusvika kumhanya kunosvika 600 km/awa. Simba remagineti rinoshandiswa muzvitima zveMaglev rinogadzirwa nemagineti makuru akaiswa munjanji nechitima pachacho.
Mhedziso
Simba remagineti ipfungwa huru mufizikisi neinjiniya, uye rinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Kubva pakufamba kwekare nekambasi kusvika kumatekinoroji emazuva ano akadai seMRI neMaglev trains, simba remagineti rinoramba richiita basa rakakosha mukukura kwetekinoroji uye hupenyu hwevanhu. Nekunzwisisa kwakadzama uye kutsvagurudza kwakawedzerwa, simba remagineti rinogona kuvhura zvimwe zvinhu zvitsva zvichashandura mararamiro edu uye kudyidzana kwedu nenyika.
