Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo yeKukurukura nezveHistograms
Histogram inomiririra kugoverwa kwedata renhamba. Histogram yakafanana nebhara chati, asi inomiririra data rakakamurwa kuita mativi chaiwo (mabhini) uye inowanzoshandiswa muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwedata kuratidza kugoverwa kwenhamba.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nehurukuro pamusoro pemahistogram kuti tivandudze kunzwisisa kwedu maitiro ekugadzira nekuongorora mahistogram.
Chii chinonzi Histogram?
Histogram chishandiso chekuona chinoratidza kugoverwa kwedata kakawanda. Huwandu hwezvinhu hwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvinonzi "mabhini," uye huwandu hwemapoinzi edata mubhini rega rega hunoverengerwa kuti zvive nyore kuongorora. Izvi zvinobatsira kunzwisisa kugoverwa uye mapatani ari mukati medata.
Kune matanho anoverengeka ekutanga ekugadzira histogram:
1. Kuunganidza Data: Kuwana muunganidzwa wedata rinofanira kuongororwa.
2. Sarudza Rudzi rweData: Sarudza huwandu hwezvinhu kubva padiki kusvika pakuru.
3. Sarudza Nhamba yeMabhini: Sarudza kuti unoda mabhini mangani.
4. Kuverenga Kakawanda: Verenga kuti data ringani rinowira mubhini rega rega.
5. Dhirowa Histogram: Gadzira girafu yebhara inomiririra kuwanda kwedata mubhini rega rega.
Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo yeKukurukura nezveHistograms
Ngatitangei nemienzaniso iri nyore towedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika kune yakaoma kunzwisisa.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1
Sarudza histogram yedata rinotevera:
``
1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7
``
1. Unganidza Data
Ruzivo rwuri pamusoro apa rwapihwa.
2. Sarudza Rudzi rweData
Data rinobva pa1 kusvika ku8.
3. Sarudza Nhamba yeMabhini
Kuti zvive nyore, tichashandisa mabhini mana:
– Bhodhoro rekutanga: 1 – 2
– Bhodhoro rechipiri: 3 – 4
– Bhodhoro rechitatu: 5 – 6
– Bhodhoro rechina: 7 – 8
4. Verengai Kuwanda Kwenguva
– Bhani rekutanga (1 – 2): Kune data 3 (1, 2, 2)
– Bhani rechipiri (3 – 4): Kune data shanu (3, 3, 3, 4, 4)
– Bhani rechitatu (5 – 6): Kune data 9 (5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6)
– Chirongo chechina (7 – 8): Kune data nhatu (7, 7, 8)
5. Dhirowa Histogram
– Bhini 1-2: (3)
– Bin 3-4: (5)
– Bhini 5-6: (9)
– Bhini 7-8: (3)
Girafu iyi inoratidza kugoverwa kwedata zvichibva pane range yebhini yakasarudzwa.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2
Sarudza histogram yedata rinotevera nenhamba dzakasiyana dzemabhini:
``
12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40
``
1. Unganidza Data
Ruzivo rwuri pamusoro apa rwapihwa.
2. Sarudza Rudzi rweData
Data iri pakati pe12 ne45.
3. Sarudza Nhamba yeMabhini
Tichashandisa mabhini mashanu panguva ino:
– Bhodhoro rekutanga: 12 – 17
– Bhodhoro rechipiri: 18 – 23
– Bhodhoro rechitatu: 24 – 29
– Bhodhoro rechina: 30 – 35
– Bhini rechishanu: 36 – 45
4. Verengai Kuwanda Kwenguva
– Bhani rekutanga (12 – 17): Kune data 3 (12, 15, 16)
– Bhani rechipiri (18 – 23): Kune data shanu (18, 20, 21, 22, 23)
– Bhani rechitatu (24 - 29): Kune data mbiri (25, 27, 29)
– Chirongo chechina (30 - 35): Kune data ina (30, 32, 34, 35)
– Bhani rechishanu (36 - 45): Kune data 8 (36, 38, 40, 42, 45)
5. Dhirowa Histogram
– Bhini 12-17: (3)
– Bin 18-23: (5)
– Bhini 24-29: (3)
– Bhini 30-35: (4)
– Bhini 36-45: (8)
Girafu iyi inoratidza kugoverwa kwedata kwakasiyana zvishoma nemuenzaniso wapfuura.
Kukurukurirana Kwakawedzerwa
Mahistogram anobatsira kuratidza kugoverwa kwema frequency nemaziso, asi dzimwe nguva mhedzisiro yacho inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemabhini akasarudzwa. Kuchinja huwandu hwemabhini kunogona kuita kuti kugoverwa kutaridzike kwakasiyana, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kududzirwa kwedata.
Zvinhu Zvakakosha Pakugadzira Histogram
1. Kusarudzwa kweHuwandu hweMabhini
Mabhini mashoma anogona kuvharidzira ruzivo rwuri mudata, nepo mabhini akawanda achigona kukonzera kuti histogram ive yakakamurwa zvakanyanya uye yakaoma kunzwisisa.
2. Kududzirwa kweData
MaHistogram anotibvumira kuona mapatani ekugoverwa, akadai sekuti data racho rinowanzo kugoverwa here, rakanamirwa kuruboshwe, kana kuti rakanamirwa kurudyi. Izvi zvinobatsira mukuongorora kwakawedzerwa kwenhamba.
3. Chiyero Chinoenderana
Iva nechokwadi chekuti upamhi hwebhini hwakaenzana kuitira kuti histogram isatsause.
4. Kuwanda kana Kuwanda kwehuwandu
Kana data iri rehukuru hwakasiyana, zvingave nani kushandisa density pane pure frequency kuenzanisa data sets dzakasiyana.
Mhedziso
MaHistogram zvishandiso zvine simba zvekufungidzira kugoverwa kwedata renhamba. Muchinyorwa chino, takurukura matanho ekutanga ekugadzira histogram uye takatarisa mienzaniso yematambudziko ekusarudza histogram kubva padata rakapihwa. Kunzwisisa kwakanaka kwehistograms kuchatibatsira kuongorora data zvinobudirira uye kuita sarudzo dziri nani zvichibva pairi.
Kugara tichidzidzira kugadzira nekuongorora mahistogram nemarudzi akasiyana edata uye huwandu hwakasiyana hwemabhini kuchasimbisa kugona kwedu kushandisa chishandiso ichi chakakosha chekuverenga. Ramba uchiedza uye uchiongorora mativi akasiyana-siyana emahistogram kuti uongorore data rako zvinobudirira.
