Phagocytes: Mutsetse wekutanga wekudzivirira muviri
MaPhagocyte masero ekudzivirira muviri anoita basa guru mukudzivirira muviri kwemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Zita rekuti "phagocyte" rinobva muchiGiriki, apo "phago" zvinoreva "kudya" uye "cyte" zvinoreva "sero." Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, basa guru remaphagocyte nderekudya kana kudya zvidimbu zvekunze zvakaita semabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaora mumasero, izvo zvinozoparadzwa. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura zvakadzama mhando, mashandiro ekuita, uye mabasa emaphagocyte mukudzivirira kwemuviri.
Mhando dzePhagocytes
Ma phagocyte ane marudzi akasiyana-siyana emasero, rimwe nerimwe riine basa rakakosha mukudzivirira muviri. Heano mamwe emhando huru dzema phagocyte:
1. MaNeutrophils: Rudzi rwemaphagocyte rwakajairika mumuviri, maNeutrophils ndiwo anotanga kudzivirira hutachiona. Ane simba rekufamba nekukurumidza kunzvimbo dzine utachiona uye ozorwisa hutachiona kuburikidza nephagocytosis.
2. MaMonocytes nemaMacrophages: MaMonocytes masero machena eropa anotenderera muropa. Kana asvika munyama yemuviri inoda dziviriro yakasimba, anoshanduka kuita macrophages. MaMacrophages ane simba guru rephagocytic uye anogara kwenguva yakareba kupfuura ma neutrophils.
3. MaEosinophils neBasophils: Kunyange zvazvo asingashande zvakanaka semaNeutrophils mu phagocytosis, maEosinophils neBasophils anoita basa rakakosha mukurwisa tupukanana uye allergies. Anoburitsa magranules ane ma enzymes anogona kuparadza tupukanana.
4. Masero eDendritic: Pamusoro pekubatanidzwa mu phagocytosis, masero edendritic anoshandawo semasero anounza antigen (APCs). Anogadzira utachiona hwakadyiwa uye anopa maantigen kumasero eT, zvichikonzera mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri inochinjika.
Maitiro Ekushanda kwePhagocyte
Maitiro e phagocytosis anotanga kana phagocyte yaziva uye yakabatana nechinhu chekunze. Kuzivikanwa uku kunowanzo tungamirirwa nema receptors anoziva mapatani emamorekuru pamusoro pezvirwere, anozivikanwa se pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
1. Chemotaxis: Ma phagocyte anofamba achienda kunzvimbo ine hutachiona kana kuzvimba. Maitiro aya anotungamirirwa nezviratidzo zvemakemikari zvinogadzirwa nemasero akakuvara, utachiona, kana mamwe masero ekudzivirira muviri anoshanda.
2. Kusunga uye Kutakurwa: Pakusvika pachinangwa, phagocyte inozvibatanidza nechinhu ichi kuburikidza nemareceptor chaiwo ari pamusoro payo. Mareceptor aya anoziva zvikamu zvakananga zvepathogen kana kuti opsonins (mapuroteni anotara mapathogens kuti ane phagocytosis).
3. Kureba kweMembrane uye Kuumbwa kwePhagosome: Membrane yemasero ephagocyte inozobva yafukidza utachiona, yogadzira chimiro chinozivikanwa sephagosome.
4. Kusanganiswa neLysosomes: Phagosome inobva yabatana nelysosome, ine ma enzymes ekugaya chikafu. Iyi nzira itsva inozivikanwa sephagolysosome.
5. Kugaya uye Kuparadza: Ma enzyme eLysosomal anoputsa utachiona kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, nokudaro achihuparadza.
6. Exocytosis: Zvasara zvezvidimbu zvisingagone kugayiwa zvinoburitswa nemaphagocytes ari kunze kwesero.
Basa rePhagocytes muImmune System
Ma phagocyte anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza homeostasis uye kudzivirira muviri kubva kuhutachiona. Heano mamwe emabasa akakosha ema phagocyte:
– Munhu Anotanga Kupindura Kutapukirwa: Sechikamu chemhinduro yemuviri yekudzivirira chirwere, ma phagocyte ndiwo mutsetse wepamberi unokurumidza kupindura kuutachiona kana utachiona hwapinda mumuviri.
– Kudzora Kupindura Kwemuviri Wemuviri: MaPhagocyte haangourayi utachiona chete asiwo anotaura nemamwe masero emuviri. Anoburitsa ma cytokine anogona kuunganidza masero akawanda emuviri kunzvimbo yehutachiona uye kuwedzera mashandiro emamwe masero.
– Kuratidzwa kweAntigen: Macrophages nemasero edendritic anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa nekupa zvikamu zvehutachiona (antigens) kumasero eT, ayo anotanga mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri inochinjika.
– Kubviswa kweMasero Akafa: Pamusoro pekubvisa hutachiona, ma phagocyte ane basa rekubvisa masero emuviri akafa kana akakuvara, zvichiita kuti pasave nekuunganidzwa kwemarara emasero anogona kukonzera kuzvimba.
Phagocytes uye Zvirwere
Pasinei nebasa rawo rekudzivirira, dzimwe nguva ma phagocytes anogona kukonzera chirwere. Mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu ayo ma phagocytes anogona kunge achibatanidzwa mukukura kwechirwere anosanganisira:
– Kuzvimba Kusingaperi: Kushanda kwenguva refu kwe phagocyte kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwenyama izvo zvinotungamira kuzvirwere zvisingaperi zvekuzvimba zvakaita se rheumatoid arthritis uye atherosclerosis.
– Kushomeka kweImmunodeficiency: Zvimwe zvirwere zvakaita sechirwere chegranulomatous chisingaperi (CGD) zvinosanganisira kusashanda zvakanaka kwe phagocyte, zvichikonzera kutadza kurwisa hutachiona zvinobudirira.
– Respiratory Syndrome: Kushanda zvakanyanya kwema macrophages mumapapu kunogona kukonzera chirwere che acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Mhedziso
Ma phagocyte anoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira muviri kubva kuzvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza ne phagocytosis nedzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira muviri. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro ema phagocyte, tinogona kunzwisisa kuti system yekudzivirira muviri yakaoma uye yakarongeka sei. Kutsvagurudza kwakawanda pamusoro pema phagocyte uye mashandiro aanoita kunogona kugadzira nzira yekuvandudza mishonga inoshanda yezvirwere zvinotapukira uye zvinozvimba. Ma phagocyte, kunyange zvazvo zvichiita sezviri nyore mubasa rawo rekumedza nekugaya zvidimbu zvekunze, anoita basa guru muzvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha zve response yekudzivirira muviri.
