Muenzaniso weMibvunzo yeKukurukurirana yePhagocyte
MaPhagocyte rudzi rwemasero machena eropa anoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira muviri. Masero aya ane basa rekuparadza hutachiona hunokuvadza, hwakadai semabhakitiriya nemavhairasi, kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi phagocytosis. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora pfungwa yephagocytosis zvakadzama uye tichapa mimwe mienzaniso yematambudziko ekukubatsira kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita maphagocyte.
Nhanganyaya kuPhagocytosis
Phagocytosis inzira iyo masero ephagocytic anomedza nekuparadza tupukanana kana zvidimbu zvekunze. Masero ephagocytic anozivikanwa zvikuru anosanganisira ma neutrophils nema macrophages. Nzira huru dzephagocytosis ndeyekuziva, kusunga, kuisa mukati, uye kuparadzwa pakupedzisira kuburikidza nema enzymes kana makemikari ari mu lysosomes.
Kune matanho akakosha mu phagocytosis:
1. Kuziva uye Kusunga: MaPhagocyte ane mareceptor anokwanisa kuziva utachiona kuburikidza nemamorekuru chaiwo ari pamusoro pehutachiona. Kana utachiona hwakabatana nereceptor, phagocyte inokomberedza chirwere chacho.
2. Kudya Utachiona: Mushure mekusungana, phagocyte inoumba pseudopodia inofukidza utachiona uye inoumba phagosome, vesicle inovhara utachiona.
3. Kuumbwa kwePhagolysosome: Phagosome inobva yabatana nelysosome ine ma enzymes anoparadza. Izvi zvinoumba phagolysosome, uko utachiona hunozoparadzwa.
4. Kuparadza neKuchenesa: Ma enzyme eLysosomal anoparadza utachiona, uye mamorekuru asina basa anoputswa obviswa musero.
Kukosha kwePhagocytes muImmune System
Ma phagocyte anoita basa guru mukudzivirira muviri kubva kuhutachiona. Pasina basa re phagocytic rinoshanda, miviri yedu inogona kubatwa nehutachiona hwakasiyana-siyana. Zvimwe zvirwere, zvakaita seChronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD), zvinoitika kana ma phagocyte akatadza kuita mabasa awo nemazvo.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Heano mimwe mienzaniso yemibvunzo ine chekuita ne phagocytosis pamwe chete nehurukuro dzavo.
Mubvunzo 1: Tsanangura basa remareceptor pamusoro pemaphagocytes mukuita kwephagocytosis.
Kukurukurirana:
MaReceptors ari pamusoro pemaphagocytes anoshanda senzvimbo dzekuzivikanwa, zvichivabvumira kuona nekusunga kune zvimwe zvirwere. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemareceptor, akadai sema pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), ayo anoona mamorekuru pamiviri. Rumwe rudzi rwePRR iToll-like receptors (TLRs), ayo anoita basa rakakosha muimmune system yekuzvarwa nayo. Kana mareceptors akaona pathogen, anotanga zviratidzo zvinoita kuti phagocyte itange phagocytosis, inova nzira yekuputira pathogen.
Mubvunzo 2: Ndeupi musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pemacrophages nema neutrophils mukuita kwephagocytosis?
Kukurukurirana:
Macrophage nema neutrophil ese ari maviri ma phagocytes, asi ane mabasa nemaitiro akasiyana zvishoma. Ma neutrophil ndiwo masero ekutanga e phagocytic kusvika panzvimbo yehutachiona uye ane simba asi ane simba re phagocytic. Anorarama kwenguva pfupi uye anofa nekukurumidza mushure me phagocytosis. Kusiyana neizvi, macrophage ane hupenyu hwakareba uye anoita basa rekugadzirisa maantigen uye kuratidza kuvapo kwehutachiona kune mamwe masero ekudzivirira muviri. Macrophages anoshandawo mukubvisa masero emuviri akakuvara kana akafa uye anoita basa rekugadzirisa tishu.
Mubvunzo 3: Hunhu hwe phagocytosis hunosiyana sei muma phagocytes anokonzereswa nehutachiona zvichienzaniswa nema non-activated phagocytes?
Kukurukurirana:
Ma phagocyte anokonzerwa nehutachiona anowanzova nekuwedzera kwemabasa e phagocytic uye kugona kugadzira reactive oxygen ne nitrogen species, izvo zvinoshanda zvakanyanya mukuuraya hutachiona. Kana ma phagocyte akabatwa, kazhinji nezviratidzo zvemakemikari zvinogadzirwa panguva yekuzvimba, anoratidza akawanda ma pattern recognition receptors uye anoshanda zvakanyanya mukubvisa hutachiona. Hunhu uhwu hwakasiyana nema phagocytes ari mumamiriro asina kushanda, ayo anogona kungoshanda chete mu normal phagocytosis pasina kuwedzera kukuru mukugadzirwa kwemamorekuru anoparadza.
Mubvunzo 4: Sei ma phagocytes achikosha mukukura kwekudzivirira muviri kunochinjika?
Kukurukurirana:
Ma phagocyte, kunyanya ma macrophage nemasero e dendritic, anoita basa guru mukuratidzwa kweantigen, danho guru mukukura kwe adaptive immunity. Mushure me phagocytosis, utachiona hunoparadzwa uye zvidimbu zvahwo zvinogadziriswa kuita ma antigen, ayo anobva aratidzwa nema Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules pamusoro pe phagocyte. Ma T-lymphocyte anogona kuziva ma antigen aya, zvichikonzera activation uye kuwanda kwemasero e T, uye kutanga mhinduro chaiyo yekudzivirira muviri kurwisa pathogen iri kutaurwa nezvayo. Saka, ma phagocyte anobatanidza masisitimu ekudzivirira muviri ekuzvarwa nawo uye adaptive.
Mubvunzo 5: Kurukurai kukosha kwemaphagosome nemaphagolysosomes muphagocytosis.
Kukurukurirana:
MaPhagosome nemaphagolysosome zvinhu zvakakosha mukuita kwephagocytosis. MaPhagosome mavesicle anoumbwa mushure mekunge phagocyte yaputira pathogen. MaPhagosome anoshanda kudzivirira sero kubva mukukuvadzwa kunogona kuitwa nepathogen. Mushure mekuumbwa kwephagosome, mavesicle aya anosangana nelysosomes dzine hydrolytic enzymes kuti dzigadzire maphagolysosomes. Mukati mephagolysosome, pathogen inoonekwa kune acidic environment uye maenzymes anoparadza anoputsa zvikamu zvepathogen. Maitiro aya haangodziviriri sero remugadziri kubva mukukuvadzwa asiwo anoita kuti pathogen iparadzwe zvinobudirira.
Mhedziso
Ma phagocyte chikamu chakakosha chemuviri wemuviri, achitidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro anoita ma phagocyte, tinogona kunzwisisa kuti miviri yedu yakaoma uye inoshanda sei mukurwisa njodzi dzekunze. Dambudziko iri remuenzaniso richakubatsira kunzwisisa zvakanyanya phagocytosis uye kukosha kwayo muimmune system. Neruzivo urwu, tinogona kuona kuti muviri unochengetedza sei homeostasis uye kurwisa hutachiona nenzira yakarongeka uye chaiyo.
