Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana kweReaction Rate Equations uye Reaction Order
Kunzwisisa nekudzidza mwero wekuita uye maerekitironi ekuita chinhu chakakosha pakudzidza nezvemakemikari. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura pfungwa huru, tichapa mienzaniso yematambudziko, uye tichapa hurukuro yekuenzanisa kwemuyero wekuita uye maerekitironi ekuita.
Nhanganyaya yeReaction Rate uye Reaction Order
Chiyero chekupindura
Chiyero chemhinduro (reaction rate) ndicho chiyero chekuchinja kwehuwandu hwe reactant kana chigadzirwa panguva imwe neimwe. Mukuenzanisa kwemitengo (rate equations), tinowanzoona chimiro chakajairika chinotevera:
\[ \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^m \cdot [B]^n \]
Di mana:
– \(\text{rate}\) ndiyo nhamba yemhinduro.
– \(k\) ndiyo nguva dzose yehuwandu hwemhinduro.
– \([A]\) uye \([B]\) ndiwo huwandu hwezvinhu zvinokonzeresa A naB.
– \(m\) uye \(n\) ndiwo maerekitiro ekuita maererano naA naB.
Kurongeka kweKuita
Kurongeka kwekuita kunotsanangura kuti huwandu hwe reactant hune simba rakadii pahuwandu hwekuita. Kurongeka kwekuita kwese ndiko huwandu hwemirairo ye reactant yega yega.
Mibvunzo yeMienzaniso neKukurukurirana kweReaction Rate neReaction Order
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1
Mubvunzo:
Maitiro ari pakati pechinhu A nechinhu B anopiwa ne chemical equation:
\[ A + 2B \museve wekurudyi C \]
Zvinozivikanwa kuti chiyero chekupindura kwemhinduro iyi ndeichi:
\[ \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^2 \cdot [B] \]
1. Sarudza kurongeka kwekuita maererano naA naB.
2. Sarudza kurongeka kwese kwekuita.
Kukurukurirana:
1. Kubva muchiyero chemutengo \( \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^2 \cdot [B] \), tinogona kuona kuti:
– Kurongeka kwekuita maererano naA ndi2 (nekuti chinoratidza \([A]\) ndi2).
– Kurongeka kwekuita maererano naB i1 (nekuti chinoratidza \([B]\) i1).
2. Kurongeka kwese kwekuita ndiko huwandu hwemirairo ye reactant yega yega:
– Odha yese = Odha A + Odha B = 2 + 1 = 3.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2
Mubvunzo:
Kubva mukuyedza, data rinotevera rehuwandu hwekuita rakawanikwa:
| [A] (mol/L) | [B] (mol/L) | Mwero wekuita (mol/L s) |
|———-|———-|——————————–|
| 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.08 |
1. Sarudza kurongeka kwemaitiro ezvinokonzera A naB.
2. Verenga chiyero chemhinduro (k) chinogara chiripo.
Kukurukurirana:
1. Kuti tione kurongeka kwekuita, tinofanira kutarisa kuti chiyero chekuita chinoshanduka sei kana huwandu hwezvinhu zvinogadzirisa huchinjwa:
- Sarudza kurongeka kwemhinduro maererano neA:
Enzanisa miedzo 2 ne3:
– \([A]\) inowedzera kubva pa0.1 M kusvika pa0.2 M (kaviri), nepo \([B]\) ichiramba iri 0.2 M.
– Kuwanda kwemhinduro kunowedzera kubva pa0.02 mol/L s kusvika pa0.08 mol/L s (kana).
Kurongeka kwekuita maererano neA kunogona kutsanangurwa ne equation:
\[ \left(\frac{0.2}{0.1}\right)^m = \frac{0.08}{0.02} \]
\[ 2^m = 4 \]
\[ m = 2 \]
- Sarudza kurongeka kwemhinduro maererano neB:
Enzanisa miedzo 1 ne2:
– \([B]\) inowedzera kubva pa0.1 M kusvika pa0.2 M (kaviri), nepo \([A]\) ichiramba iri 0.1 M.
– Kuwanda kwemhinduro kunowedzera kubva pa0.01 mol/L s kusvika pa0.02 mol/L s (kaviri).
Kurongeka kwekuita maererano neB kunogona kutsanangurwa ne equation:
\[ \left(\frac{0.2}{0.1}\right)^n = \frac{0.02}{0.01} \]
\[ 2^n = 2 \]
\[ n = 1 \]
2. Sarudza kuti chii chinoitika kana munhu achipindura (k)?
Shandisa data kubva kune imwe yemiedzo (semuenzaniso, kuedza 1):
\[ \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^2 \cdot [B] \]
\[ 0.01 = k \cdot (0.1)^2 \cdot 0.1 \]
\[ 0.01 = k \cdot 0.001 \]
\[ k = \frac{0.01}{0.001} = 10 \, \text{L}^2/(\text{mol}^2 \cdot \text{s}) \]
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 3
Mubvunzo:
Mhinduro inotevera chiyero chechiyero chinotevera:
\[ \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^{1/2} \cdot [B]^2 \]
Kana huwandu hwekutanga hweA naB huri 0.36 M uye 0.2 M, zvichiteerana, chii chiri reaction rate panguva ino kana \( k = 5 \, \text{L}^{5/2} / (\text{mol}^{5/2} \cdot \text{s}) \)?
Kukurukurirana:
Shandisa equation yemutengo yakapihwa:
\[ \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^{1/2} \cdot [B]^2 \]
Isa kukosha kwakapihwa:
\[ \text{rate} = 5 \cdot (0.36)^{1/2} \cdot (0.2)^2 \]
Verenga kukosha kwekuongororwa:
\[ (0.36)^{1/2} = 0.6 \]
\[ (0.2)^2 = 0.04 \]
Zvino, batanidzai tsika idzodzo mu equation:
\[ \text{rate} = 5 \cdot 0.6 \cdot 0.04 \]
\[ \text{rate} = 5 \cdot 0.024 \]
\[ \mutengo wemashoko} = 0.12 \, \mutengo wemashoko{mol/L\ s} \]
Chiyero che reaction pahuwandu uhwu i0.12 mol/L s.
Mhedziso
Kuenzanisa kwehuwandu hwemhinduro uye kurongeka kwemhinduro ipfungwa huru mumakemikari kinetics. Nekunzwisisa kuti huwandu hwezvinhu zvinokonzeresa mhinduro hunokanganisa sei huwandu hwemhinduro, tinogona kuverenga huwandu hwemhinduro uye kuona huwandu hwemhinduro hunogara huripo. Chinyorwa chino chinopa mienzaniso yezvinetso nemhinduro dzekubatsira kunzwisisa pfungwa idzi. Kunzwisisa zvakanaka misoro iyi kwakakosha pakushandiswa kwakakosha murabhoritari yemakemikari uye maitiro eindasitiri.
Nekudzidzira nguva nenguva uye kuongorora zvakanyatsonaka, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani maitirwo ekuona maitiro ekuita zvinhu uye kushandisa maequations ehuwandu hwekuita zvinhu mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana. Kudzidza kunofadza!
