Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo Inotsanangura Kushandiswa kweMafungu eElectromagnetic
Mafungu emagetsi chinhu chechisikigo chinoita basa rakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwemazuva ano, kubva pakutaurirana uye kunzwa kure kusvika kumashandisirwo ekurapa. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora matambudziko akasiyana-siyana emuenzaniso nehurukuro dzine chekuita nekushandiswa kwemafungu emagetsi. Nzira iyi inotarisirwa kubatsira vadzidzi kunzwisisa mashandisirwo chaiwo epfungwa iyi.
1. Nheyo dzeMafungu eElectromagnetic
Tisati tapinda mumienzaniso yezvinetso, ngationgororei kuti mafungu emagetsi chii. Mafungu emagetsi emagetsi kutenderera kweminda yemagetsi nemagetsi inotenderera muchadenga. Mafungu aya haadi medium kuti apararire uye anogona kufamba nekumhanya kwechiedza mu vacuum (~299,792,458 m/s).
Ma electromagnetic spectrum anosanganisira marudzi akasiyana-siyana emafungu zvichienderana nefrequency yawo, kubva kumafungu ane frequency yakaderera sema radio waves kusvika kumafungu ane frequency yakakwirira se gamma rays. Heano mamwe marudzi emafungu ari mu electromagnetic spectrum, pamwe chete nema wavelengths awo akajairika:
– Mafungu eredhiyo (λ > 1 m)
– Microwaves (1 mm < λ < 1 m) - Infrared rays (700 nm < λ < 1 mm) - Chiedza chinooneka (400 nm < λ < 700 nm) - Ultraviolet rays (10 nm < λ < 400 nm) - X-rays (0.01 nm <mλ0 Gamma < λ0 Gamma < λ0 Gamma 10. 2. Muenzaniso weMibvunzo neKukurukurirana Mubvunzo 1: Mubvunzo weKutaurirana neRedhiyo: Nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yeFM inotepfenyura pafrequency ye100 MHz. Verenga urefu hwewavelength yenhepfenyuro iyi yeFM.
Kukurukurirana: Tinogona kushandisa equation yekutanga yekumhanya kwemafungu emagetsi (c = λf), apo: - c = kumhanya kwechiedza (~3 x 10^8 m/s) - λ = kureba kwemvura (mumamita) - f = frequency yemafungu (muHertz) Kuti uwane λ: λ = c / f = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (100 x 10^6 Hz) = mamita matatu Saka, kureba kwemhepo yeredhiyo yeFM pa frequency ye100 MHz i3 mamita.
Mubvunzo 2: Kudziisa Chikafu neMaikorowevhi Mubvunzo: Ovheni yemuikorowevhi inoshanda nefrequency ye2.45 GHz. Verengai kureba kwewavelength motsanangura kuti rinopisa sei chikafu.
Kukurukurirana: Kutanga, tinoverenga urefu hwewavelength tichishandisa equation imwechete: λ = c / f = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (2.45 x 10^9 Hz) = 0.122 metres kana 12.2 cm Ma microwave pawavelength iyi anoshandiswa mumaovheni ema microwave. Ma microwave anopisa chikafu nekupinda mukati mechikafu uye zvichiita kuti mamorekuru emvura ari muchikafu adengenyeke. Kudengenyeka uku kunounza kupisa kuburikidza nekukakavadzana pakati pemamorekuru kuitira kuti chikafu chive chinodziya.
Mubvunzo 3: MaX-rays muMishonga Mubvunzo: MaX-rays ane urefu hwemarefu hunosvika 0.1 nm. Verenga kuti X-ray idzi dzinoitwa kakawanda sei uye tsanangura kuti dzinoshandiswa sei mukurapa.
Kukurukurirana: Kuwanda kunogona kuverengerwa kubva muequation: f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (0.1 x 10^-9 m) = 3 x 10^18 Hz MaX-ray ane mafrequency akakwira kwazvo uye simba rakakwana rekupinda muzvinhu zvakawanda. Mukurapa, maX-ray anoshandiswa kutora mifananidzo muchimiro cheX-ray, izvo zvinoita kuti vanachiremba vagone kuona mapfupa nezvimwe zvinyama zvemukati pasina chikonzero chekuvhiyiwa.
Mubvunzo 4: Kushandiswa kweInfrared Rays Mubvunzo: Chinodzora kure cheterevhizheni chinoshandisa infrared rays ine urefu hwemafungu e950 nm. Verenga kuwanda kwemwaranzi ye infrared.
Kukurukurirana: Kushandisa equation imwechete: f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (950 x 10^-9 m) = 3.16 x 10^14 Hz Maremote control eTerevhizheni anoshandisa infrared mwaranzi isingaonekwe neziso remunhu kutumira masaini kuterevhizheni. Kana bhatani riri kure rikadzvanywa, mudziyo unotumira ma "infrared pulses" anotorwa nemasensa ari paterevhizheni semirairo chaiyo, yakadai sekuchinja chiteshi kana vhoriyamu.
Mubvunzo 5: Visible Light Spectrum Mubvunzo: Kana chiedza chitsvuku chine urefu hwemafungu hunosvika 700 nm uye chiedza chebhuruu chine urefu hwemafungu hunosvika 450 nm, verengai huwandu hwemhando yega yega yechiedza.
Kukurukurirana: Kune chiedza chitsvuku: f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (700 x 10^-9 m) = 4.29 x 10^14 Hz Kune chiedza chebhuruu: f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (450 x 10^-9 m) = 6.67 x 10^14 Hz Chiedza chinoonekwa chine marefu akasiyana-siyana, chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinoonekwa seruvara rwakasiyana nemaziso emunhu. Chiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu mienzaniso yemiganhu yehurefu hwechiedza chinoonekwa. Marefu mapfupi akaita sebhuruu ane simba rakawanda kupfuura marefu marefu akadai setsvuku.
3. Mashandisirwo eMafungu eElectromagnetic Mafungu eElectromagnetic ane mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva: Kutaurirana neWireless Masisitimu ekutaurirana emazuva ano akadai seWiFi, Bluetooth, uye network dzenharembozha anoshandisa mafrequency akasiyana-siyana eredhiyo ne microwave kutumira ruzivo pasina waya. Tekinoroji yega yega ine mafrequency chaiwo akagadzirirwa kuderedza kupindira uye kuona kuti kutaurirana kunoshanda.
Zvekurapa Kunze kwemaX-ray, ma ultrasound rays anoshandiswawo mukuongorora chirwere, kunyanya mukuongorora kwakadai se ultrasound. Kurapa nemwaranzi uchishandisa gamma rays kana X-rays kunoshandiswa kurapa kenza, zvichiparadza masero ekenza nemagetsi akawanda.
Matekinoroji ekufambisa nekuona zviri kure akadai se radar, LIDAR, uye kuona zviri kure anoshandisa mawavelength akasiyana-siyana kuona zvinhu nekuongorora zviri kure. GPS inoshandisa masateliti anotumira mafungu eredhiyo kuti aone nzvimbo yemushandisi chero kupi zvako panyika.
Nyeredzi Mafungu emagetsi anobva kumativi ese emuchadenga anoshandiswa mukuongorora nyeredzi kudzidza zvisikwa zvose. Materesikopu anoongorora marefu emvura akadai seredhiyo, infrared, uye gamma rays anoratidza ruzivo rusingaonekwe neteresikopu dzemaziso dzakajairika.
Mhedziso Kunzwisisa mafungu emagetsi uye mashandisirwo awo kunoda kunzwisisa kwakakosha kwekuti anoshanda sei uye kuti angashandiswa sei muminda yakasiyana-siyana. Kuburikidza nematambudziko emuenzaniso nehurukuro dziri muchinyorwa chino, takaongorora mamwe mashandisirwo ekutanga anogona kukonzera kufarira kwakanyanya munyaya iyi.
Mafungu emagetsi anoramba achiita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza tekinoroji nesainzi. Nekunzwisisa misimboti iyi yekutanga, tinogona kuinzwisisa zviri nani nekushandisa muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva pamwe nekutsvagurudza kwakadzama kwesainzi.
