Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo Inotsanangura Kushandiswa kweMafungu eElectromagnetic
Mafungu emagetsi chinhu chechisikigo chinoita basa rakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwemazuva ano, kubva pakutaurirana uye kunzwa kure kusvika kumashandisirwo ekurapa. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora matambudziko akasiyana-siyana emuenzaniso nehurukuro dzine chekuita nekushandiswa kwemafungu emagetsi. Nzira iyi inotarisirwa kubatsira vadzidzi kunzwisisa mashandisirwo chaiwo epfungwa iyi.
1. Nheyo dzeMafungu eElectromagnetic
Tisati tapinda mumienzaniso yezvinetso, ngationgororei kuti mafungu emagetsi chii. Mafungu emagetsi emagetsi kutenderera kweminda yemagetsi nemagetsi inotenderera muchadenga. Mafungu aya haadi medium kuti apararire uye anogona kufamba nekumhanya kwechiedza mu vacuum (~299,792,458 m/s).
Ma electromagnetic spectrum anosanganisira marudzi akasiyana-siyana emafungu zvichienderana nefrequency yawo, kubva kumafungu ane frequency yakaderera sema radio waves kusvika kumafungu ane frequency yakakwirira se gamma rays. Heano mamwe marudzi emafungu ari mu electromagnetic spectrum, pamwe chete nema wavelengths awo akajairika:
– Mafungu eredhiyo (λ > 1 m)
– Ma microwave (1 mm < λ < 1 m) - Mwaranzi ye infrared (700 nm < λ < 1 mm) - Chiedza chinoonekwa (400 nm < λ < 700 nm) - Mwaranzi ye ultraviolet (10 nm < λ < 400 nm) - Ma X-ray (0.01 nm < λ < 10 nm) - Mwaranzi ye gamma (λ < 0.01 nm) 2. Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nehurukuro Mubvunzo 1: Kutaurirana ne redhiyo Mubvunzo: Nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo ye FM inotepfenyura pa frequency ye 100 MHz. Verenga urefu hwe wavelength yeredhiyo iyi ye FM.
Kukurukurirana: Tinogona kushandisa equation yekutanga yekumhanya kwemafungu emagetsi (c = λf), apo: - c = kumhanya kwechiedza (~3 x 10^8 m/s) - λ = kureba kwemvura (mumamita) - f = frequency yemafungu (muHertz) Kuti uwane λ: λ = c / f = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (100 x 10^6 Hz) = mamita matatu Saka, kureba kwemhepo kwenhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yeFM pa frequency ye100 MHz mamita matatu. Mubvunzo 2: Kupisa Chikafu neMicrowaves Mubvunzo: Ovheni ye microwave inoshanda pa frequency ye 2.45 GHz. Verenga kureba kwayo kwemvura uye tsanangura kuti inodziya sei chikafu. Kukurukurirana: Kutanga, tinoverenga kureba kwemvura tichishandisa equation imwechete: λ = c / f = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (2.45 x 10^9 Hz) = 0.122 metres kana 12.2 cm Ma microwave pakukwirira uku anoshandiswa mumaovheni e microwave. Ma microwave anopisa chikafu nekupinda kunze kwechikafu uye zvichiita kuti mamorekuru emvura ari muchikafu adedere. Kudedera uku kunounza kupisa kuburikidza nekukakavadzana pakati pemamorekuru, zvichidziisa chikafu. Mubvunzo 3: X-Rays muMishonga Mubvunzo: Ma X-ray ane urefu hwewavelength hunosvika 0.1 nm. Verenga frequency ye ma X-ray aya uye tsanangura mashandisirwo awo mukurapa. Kukurukurirana: Kudedera kunogona kuverengerwa kubva mu equation: f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (0.1 x 10^-9 m) = 3 x 10^18 Hz Ma X-ray ane frequency yakanyanya uye simba rakakwana rekupinda muzvinhu zvakawanda. Mukurapa, ma X-ray anoshandiswa kutora mifananidzo muchimiro che radiographs, izvo zvinobvumira vanachiremba kuona mapfupa nezvimwe zvinyama zvemukati pasina chikonzero chekuvhiyiwa.
Mubvunzo 4: Kushandiswa kweInfrared Rays Mubvunzo: Chinodzora chiri kure cheterevhizheni chinoshandisa infrared rays ine wavelength ye950 nm. Verenga frequency yeinfrared rays. Mhinduro: Uchishandisa equation imwechete: f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (950 x 10^-9 m) = 3.16 x 10^14 Hz Chinodzora chiri kure cheterevhizheni chinoshandisa infrared rays isingaonekwe neziso remunhu kutumira masaini kuterevhizheni. Kana bhatani riri paremote rikadzvanywa, mudziyo unotumira nhevedzano yeinfrared pulses inodudzirwa nemasensa ari paterevhizheni semirairo chaiyo, senge kushandura chiteshi kana vhoriyamu. Mubvunzo 5: Visible Light Spectrum Mubvunzo: Kana chiedza chitsvuku chine wavelength yeinenge 700 nm uye chiedza chebhuruu chine wavelength yeinenge 450 nm, verenga frequency yerudzi rwese rwechiedza. Kukurukurirana: Kune chiedza chitsvuku: f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (700 x 10^-9 m) = 4.29 x 10^14 Hz Kune chiedza chebhuruu: f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (450 x 10^-9 m) = 6.67 x 10^14 Hz Chiedza chinoonekwa chine mawavelength akasiyana-siyana, chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinoonekwa seruvara rwakasiyana neziso remunhu. Chiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu mienzaniso yemiganhu yewavelength yechiedza chinoonekwa. Mawavelength mapfupi akadai sebhuruu ane simba rakawanda kupfuura mawavelength akareba akadai setsvuku. 3. Mashandisirwo eMawavelength eElectromagnetic Mawavelength eElectromagnetic ane mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva:
Kutaurirana Pasina Waya Masisitimu ekutaurirana emazuva ano akadai seWiFi, Bluetooth, uye nharembozha anoshandisa mafrequency akasiyana-siyana eredhiyo ne microwave kutumira ruzivo pasina waya. Tekinoroji yega yega ine mafrequency chaiwo akagadzirirwa kuderedza kupindira uye kuona kuti kutaurirana kunoshanda. Zvekurapa: Pamusoro peX-rays, ultrasonrary inoshandiswawo mukuongorora kenza, kunyanya muongororo dzakadai se ultrasounds. Radiation therapy inoshandisa gamma rays, kana X-rays, inoshandiswa mukurapa kenza, ichiparadza masero ekenza nemagetsi akawanda. Navigation uye Remote Sensing: Matekinoroji akadai se radar, LIDAR, uye remote sensing anoshandisa ma wavelength akasiyana-siyana kuona zvinhu uye kuongorora daro refu. GPS inoshandisa masateliti anotumira mawavelength kuti aone nzvimbo yemushandisi chero kupi zvako paNyika. Astronomy: Mawavelength e electromagnetic kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo anoshandiswa mu astronomy kudzidza muchadenga. Materesikopu anocherechedza ma wavelength chaiwo akadai seredhiyo, infrared, uye gamma rays anoratidza ruzivo rusingaonekwe neteresikopu dze optical. Mhedziso: Kunzwisisa mawavelength e electromagnetic uye mashandisirwo awo kunoda kunzwisisa kwakakosha kwekuti anoshanda sei uye kuti anogona kushandiswa sei muminda yakasiyana-siyana. Kuburikidza nematambudziko emuenzaniso nehurukuro dziri muchinyorwa chino, takaongorora mamwe mashandisirwo ekutanga anogona kukonzera kufarira kwakanyanya munyaya iyi. Mafungu emagetsi anoramba achiita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza tekinoroji nesainzi. Nekunzwisisa misimboti iyi yekutanga, tinogona kuinzwisisa zviri nani nekushandisa muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva pamwe nekutsvagisa kwakadzama kwesainzi.
