Muenzaniso weMibvunzo yeKukurukurirana yeKugoverwa Kwakafanana
Kugoverwa kweyunifomu ndeimwe yemhando dziri nyore dzekugoverwa kwezvingangoitika muhuwandu. Yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri huru: kugoverwa kweyunifomu kwakasiyana uye kugoverwa kweyunifomu kunoramba kuripo. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mhando dzese dziri mbiri dzekugoverwa kweyunifomu, kupa mienzaniso, uye kukurukura mhinduro dzematambudziko aya.
Kuparadzirwa Kwakafanana Kwakasiyana
Kugoverwa kwakafanana kwakasiyana idistribution yekugoverwa kwezvingangoitika umo mhedzisiro yega yega yekuedza kana chiitiko ine mukana wakaenzana wekuitika. Mienzaniso iri nyore ndeyekukanda fair die kana kusarudza kadhi kubva museti yemakadhi akafanana.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1
Mubvunzo:
Dhayi chaiyo ine mativi matanhatu ane nhamba kubva pa1 kusvika ku6. Tsvaga mukana wekuwana 4 padenderedzwa rimwe chete redhayi.
Kukurukurirana:
Sezvo divi rega rega re fair die rine mukana wakaenzana wekuonekwa, tinogona kutaura kuti mukana wedivi rega rega ndewekuti:
P(A) = 1/n
Apo n iri nhamba yese yemhedzisiro inogona kuitika. Muchiitiko ichi, n = 6.
Saka, mukana wekuwana nhamba 4 ndewekuti:
P(4) = 1/6 ≈ 0.167 kana 16.7%
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2
Mubvunzo:
Bhokisi rine mabhora gumi ane nhamba kubva pa1 kusvika pa10. Kana bhora rimwe chete rikatorwa zvisina tsarukano, tsvaga mukana wekuti bhora rakatorwa rine nhamba inopfuura 7.
Kukurukurirana:
Huwandu hwemabhora anokodzera ibhora rine nhamba 8, 9, uye 10. Saka, kune mabhora akakodzera matatu kubva pamabhora gumi ese.
P(B) = nhamba yemabhora anoenderana nemamiriro / mabhora ese
P(B) = 3 / 10 = 0.3 kana 30%
Kupararira Kwakafanana Kunoenderera Mberi
Kugoverwa kwakafanana kunoenderera mberi kugoverwa uko kukosha kwese mukati menguva yakatarwa kune mukana wakaenzana wekuitika. Kugoverwa uku kunowanzoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mhedzisiro yega yega mukati menguva yakatarwa inogona kunge yakafanana.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 3
Mubvunzo:
Ngatitii X ishanduko isina kurongeka inogoverwa zvakaenzana pakati pa0 na1. Tsvaga mukana wekuti X iri pakati pa0.25 na0.75.
Kukurukurirana:
Pakugoverwa kwakafanana kunoenderera mberi, huwandu hwehuwandu hunoramba huripo pakati penguva yese. Muchiitiko ichi, huwandu hunobva pa0 kusvika pa1, zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwehuwandu (f(x)) ndi1 nekuti huwandu hwehuwandu hunofanira kunge huine nzvimbo yese pasi pe curve ye1.
Mikana yekuti X iri pakati pe0.25 ne0.75 inogona kuverengerwa senzvimbo iri pasi pePDF (Probability Density Function) curve iri pakati pemiganhu miviri iyi.
P(0.25 ≤ X ≤ 0.75) = (b – a) / (d – c)
Apo a na b vari miganhu yepasi neyepamusoro yepakati yatiri kutsvaga, uye c na d vari miganhu yekugoverwa kwakafanana. Muchiitiko ichi, a = 0.25, b = 0.75, c = 0, uye d = 1.
P(0.25 ≤
Saka, mukana wekuti X iri pakati pe0.25 ne0.75 i0.5 kana 50%.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 4
Mubvunzo:
Kuyerwa kunoitwa nechishandiso chine kugoverwa kwakaenzana kwekururama mukati menguva [2, 5]. Tsvaga mukana wekuti kuyerwa kunounza kukosha kuri pakati pe3 ne4.
Kukurukurirana:
Pakugoverwa kwakafanana pachikamu [2, 5], huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hunoramba huripo uye nzvimbo yese iri pasi pekongiri i1. Saka, huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu (f(x)) i1/(5-2) = 1/3.
Mikana yekuti chiyero chiri pakati pe3 ne4 ndeiyi:
P(3 ≤ X ≤ 4) = (b – a) / (d – c)
Apo a na b vari miganhu yepakati yatiri kutsvaga, uye c na d vari miganhu yekugoverwa kwakafanana. Muchiitiko ichi, a = 3, b = 4, c = 2, uye d = 5.
P(3 ≤ X ≤ 4) = (4 – 3) / (5 – 2) = 1/3 ≈ 0.333 kana 33.3%
Mhedziso
Kugoverwa kwakafanana chishandiso chinobatsira zvikuru mukuongorora mikana uye nhamba nekuda kwekureruka kwayo uye kunzwisisa zviri nyore. Mumhando dzakasiyana uye dzinoenderera mberi, kugoverwa kwakafanana kunovimbisa kuti mhedzisiro yega yega iri mukati mechikamu chakapihwa ine mukana wakafanana.
Pfungwa Huru
1. Kugoverwa Kwakafanana Kwakasiyana: Mikana yemhedzisiro yega yega mukati mechikamu chakati yakafanana. Muenzaniso: kukanda die chaiyo.
2. Kugoverwa Kwakafanana Kunoenderera Mberi: Kuwanda kwemukana wekuti zvinhu zviitike hakuchinji mukati menguva yese. Muenzaniso: kuyera hurefu kana huremu uchishandisa chishandiso chakarurama mukati menguva yakati.
Nekunzwisisa pfungwa iyi uye kuburikidza nemienzaniso nehurukuro, tinogona kushandisa zviri nyore kugoverwa kwakafanana mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana echokwadi uye kutsvagurudza. Izvi zvinobatsira kujekesa zviitiko zvine mhedzisiro yakafanana, ingave iri muchimiro chakasiyana kana chinoenderera mberi.
Kugoverwa kwakafanana hakungobatsiri chete muhuwandu hwezviverengero, asiwo mune zvesainzi yemakombiyuta, mainjiniya, ehupfumi, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda uko kunodiwa kuita sarudzo kana kuongorora data. Semuenzaniso, muMonte Carlo simulations, kugoverwa kwakafanana kunowanzo shandiswa kugadzira mavector asina kurongeka mukati mechikamu chakati, ayo anozoshandiswa kuongorora mamiriro akasiyana-siyana nemigumisiro.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa chino chakubatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani kugoverwa kwakafanana uye maitiro ekugadzirisa matambudziko nacho. Ramba uchidzidzira kuti uve nyanzvi yepfungwa iyi uye uishandise muzviitiko zvechokwadi zvine chekuita nebasa rako.
