Muenzaniso weMubvunzo weKukurukurirana paBond Energy
Pendauluan
Simba reBond ipfungwa huru mukemikari inotibatsira kunzwisisa simba rinodiwa kuti pave nekutyora chisungo chiri mukati memorekuru. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, simba reBond huwandu hwesimba rinodiwa kuti pave nekupatsanura maatomu maviri akabatana mumorekuru kuita maatomu akasiyana. Muchinyorwa chino, tichanzwisisa pfungwa yesimba reBond kuburikidza nematambudziko akati wandei emuenzaniso uye hurukuro yavo.
Pfungwa yeBond Energy
Simba remabond rinoratidzwa mumakilojoules pa mole (kJ/mol), uye mhando yega yega yekemikari bond ine simba remabond rakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, simba remabond reC-H imwe chete (carbon-hydrogen) bond rakasiyana nesimba remabond reC=O kaviri (carbon-oxygen) bond.
Equation inowanzo shandiswa kuverenga shanduko ye enthalpy ye reaction (\(\Delta H\)) tichifunga nezve bond energies ndeiyi:
\[
\Delta H = \Sigma D_{\text{reactants}} – \Sigma D_{\text{products}}
\]
Apo \(D_{\text{reactants}}\) uye \(D_{\text{products}}\) ari masimba ezvisungo anobatanidzwa muzvisungo nezvigadzirwa. Nemamwe mashoko, huwandu hwesimba rezvisungo muzvisungo hunobva pahuwandu hwesimba rezvisungo muzvigadzirwa.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Mubvunzo 1
Zvinozivikanwa kuti avhareji yesimba rezvisungo zvezvisungo zvinotevera ndeiyi:
– HH bond: 436 kJ/mol
– O=O chisungo: 498 kJ/mol
– HO bond: 463 kJ/mol
Verenga shanduko ye enthalpy (\(\Delta H\)) yemhinduro inotevera:
\[
2H_2(g) + O_2(g) \museve wekurudyi 2H_2O(g)
\]
Kukurukurirana:
Danho rekutanga nderekunyora reaction uye kuverenga huwandu hwema bond aripo mu reactants nezvigadzirwa.
Kune reactants:
– mamorekuru maviri e \(H_2\) zvinoreva kuti kune maHH bonds maviri
– 1 molecule ye \(O_2\) zvinoreva kuti pane 1 O=O bond
Zvezvigadzirwa:
– 2 \(H_2O\) mamorekuru zvinoreva 4 HO bonds
Simba rese rezvisungo mu reactants:
\[
2 \nguva \chinyorwa{Simba reBond HH} + 1 \nguva \chinyorwa{Simba reBond O=O}
\]
\[
= 2 \kawa 436 + 1 \kawa 498
\]
\[
= 872 + 498
\]
\[
= 1370 \chinyorwa{kJ/mol}
\]
Simba rose rezvisungo riri muchigadzirwa:
\[
4 \nguva \chinyorwa{HO bond energy}
\]
\[
= 4 \kawa 463
\]
\[
= 1852 \chinyorwa{kJ/mol}
\]
Kuchinja kwe enthalpy (\(\Delta H\)):
\[
\Delta H = \Sigma D_{\text{reactants}} – \Sigma D_{\text{products}}
\]
\[
= 1370 \zvinyorwa{ kJ/mol} - 1852 \zvinyorwa{ kJ/mol}
\]
\[
= -482 \chinyorwa{kJ/mol}
\]
Saka, shanduko ye enthalpy ye reaction ndeye \(-482\) kJ/mol.
Mubvunzo 2
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinotevera zvinozivikanwa semasimba ezvisungo:
– CH chisungo: 414 kJ/mol
– C=C chisungo: 612 kJ/mol
– HH bond: 436 kJ/mol
Verenga shanduko ye enthalpy (\(\Delta H\)) yemhinduro inotevera:
\[
C_2H_4(g) + H_2(g) \museve wekurudyi C_2H_6(g)
\]
Kukurukurirana:
Danho rekutanga nderekunyora reaction uye kuverenga huwandu hwema bond aripo mu reactants nezvigadzirwa.
Kune reactants:
– Morekuru 1 ye \(C_2H_4\) (ethylene) ine zvisungo 4 zveCH uye 1 C=C bond
– Morekuru imwe ye \(H_2\) ine chisungo chimwe chete cheHH
Zvezvigadzirwa:
– 1 molecule ye \(C_2H_6\) (ethane) ine 6 CH bonds uye 1 CC bond
Simba rese rezvisungo mu reactants:
\[
4 \nguva \chinyorwa{simba reBond CH} + 1 \nguva \chinyorwa{simba reBond C=C} + 1 \nguva \chinyorwa{simba reBond HH}
\]
\[
= 4 \kawa 414 + 1 \kawa 612 + 1 \kawa 436
\]
\[
= 1656 + 612 + 436
\]
\[
= 2704 \chinyorwa{kJ/mol}
\]
Simba rose rezvisungo riri muchigadzirwa:
\[
6 \nguva \chinyorwa{CH simba rekubatanidza} + 1 \nguva \chinyorwa{CC simba rekubatanidza}
\]
\[
= 6 \kawa 414 + 1 \kawa 348
\]
\[
= 2484 + 348
\]
\[
= 2832 \chinyorwa{kJ/mol}
\]
Kuchinja kwe enthalpy (\(\Delta H\)):
\[
\Delta H = \Sigma D_{\text{reactants}} – \Sigma D_{\text{products}}
\]
\[
= 2704 \zvinyorwa{ kJ/mol} - 2832 \zvinyorwa{ kJ/mol}
\]
\[
= -128 \chinyorwa{kJ/mol}
\]
Saka, shanduko ye enthalpy ye reaction ndeye \(-128\) kJ/mol.
Mhedziso
Pfungwa yesimba remabond chinhu chakakosha pakudzidza maitiro emakemikari uye shanduko dzawo mu enthalpy. Muchinyorwa chino, takurukura mienzaniso miviri yezvinetso zvinoratidza maitiro ekuverenga shanduko dze enthalpy dzemaitiro uchishandisa simba remabond. Kunzwisisa uku kwakakosha mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemakemikari, kubva pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasanganiswa kusvika pakugadzirwa kwemafuta. Kunzwisisa kwakadzama kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekudzidzira nguva dzose uye kuongorora mhando dzakasiyana dzemaitiro emakemikari.
Ndokumbirawo mushandise matekiniki anotsanangurwa muchinyorwa chino senzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko esimba remabhondi mune ramangwana, uye fungai nezvezvimwe zvekushandisa pakudzidza kuti muwedzere ruzivo rwenyu nezvemakemikari esimba remabhondi.
