Muenzaniso weinjini yekupisa (kushandiswa kwemutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics)

9 Mienzaniso yezvinetso zveinjini yekupisa (kushandiswa kwemutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics)

1. Muchikamu chimwe chete, injini inotora maJoules 3000 ekupisa kubva mudura rinopisa zvakanyanya uye inoramba maJoules 1000 ekupisa kuenda kudura rinopisa zvishoma. Sarudza mashandiro einjini inopisa!

Kukurukurirana
Injini yekupisa Izwi rekuti "carnot" mumibvunzo iri papeji rino harina kufanana neinjini yeCarnot. Injini yeCarnot injini yekupisa yakakodzera uye iripo chete mudzidziso. Kusiyana neizvi, injini yekupisa inotaurwa mumubvunzo uyu injini yekupisa chaiyo, kwete injini yekupisa yedzidziso (injini yeCarnot).
Zvinozivikanwa :
Kupisa kunonyudzwa (Q)_H) = 3000 Joule
Kupisa kwaburitswa (Q)_L) = 1000 Joule
Basa rakagadzirwa nemuchina (W) = 3000 – 1000 = 2000 Joules
Akabvunzwa : Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yekupisa (e)
Jawab :

2. Injini yekupisa inogadzira maJoules maviri ekushanda uye inoramba maJoules mazana mashanu ekupisa mudenderedzwa rimwe chete. Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini ndiko…

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Basa rakagadzirwa nemuchina (W) = 2000 Joules
Kupisa kwaburitswa (Q)_L) = 5000 Joule
Kupisa kunonyudzwa (Q)_H) = 2000 + 5000 = 7000 Joule
Akabvunzwa : Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yekupisa (e)
Jawab :

3. Injini yemota ine simba re30%. Kana injini ikaburitsa maJoules zviuru gumi ebasa padenderedzwa, injini inorambwa kupisa kwakadini padenderedzwa?
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Kushanda zvakanaka (e) = 30% = 30/100 = 0,3
Basa rakagadzirwa nemuchina (W) = 3000 Joules
Akabvunzwa : Kupisa kunodzimwa neinjini pakufamba kwega kwega (Q_L)
Jawab :
Verengai kupisa kwakabatwa (Q)_H) uchishandisa fomura yekushanda zvakanaka (e) yeinjini yekupisa:
Kupisa kunonyangarika padanho rega rega (Q)_L) = kunyudzwa nekupisa (Q)_H) – basa rakagadzirwa (W)
Q_L = MaJoules 10.000 – MaJoules 3000
Q_L = 7000 Joule

Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini dzinopisa, Injini dzeCarnot

4. Injini inodziya inotora maJoules 3.000 ekupisa kubva mudura rinopisa zvakanyanya uye inoramba maJoules 2.400 kuenda mudura rinopisa zvishoma. Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini ndiko ....
A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 20%
D. 30%
E. 40%
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
Q_H = 3000 Joules, Q_L = 2400 maJoules.
Akabvunzwa :
Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yekupisa (e)?
Jawab :
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

5. Injini yeCarnot ine simba rekupisa rinosvika 300 ^oC uye dziva remvura rinodziya zvishoma 80 ^oC. Kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina uyu…
A. 38%
B. 45%
C. 50%
D. 58%
E. 67%
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
T_L = 80^oC = (80 + 273) K = 353 K
T_H = 300^oC = (300 + 273) K = 573 K
Kana tembiricha ichizivikanwa mumayuniti eCelsius, inofanira kuchinjwa kuita mayuniti eKelvin (Kelvin ndiyo International System yemayuniti etembiricha).
Akabvunzwa :
Kushanda zvakanaka (e) kweinjini yeCarnot?
Jawab :

Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.

6. Kupisa kwakanyanya kweCarnot engine reservoir i600 K uye kushanda kwayo zvakanaka i60%. Kuti ibudirire ne70%, kupisa kwakanyanya kweCarnot engine reservoir kunofanira...
A. 500 K
B. 800 K
C. 1000 K
D. 1200 K
E. 1500 K
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
Data 1: T_H = 600 K, e = 60%
Data 2: T_H = …. K ?, e = 70%
Akabvunzwa :
Tembiricha yepamusoro (T)_H)
Jawab :
Shandisa data 1 kuti uverenge tembiricha yakaderera (T)_L).
Shandisa T_L uye data 2 kuti uverenge tembiricha yakakwira (T)_H):
Kuti uwane kushanda zvakanaka kwe70%, tembiricha yepamusoro = 800 Kelvin.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

7. Tarisa girafu yePV yeinjini yeCarnot iri pazasi. Kana W = 5000 Joules, zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwekupisa hunoburitswa neinjini padenderedzwa rega rega...
A. 2.315 Joule
B. 3.475 Joule
C. 3.750 Joule
D. 5.000 Joule
E. 5.600 Joules

Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
W = 5000 Joule
T_H = 780K
T_L = 320K
Akabvunzwa :
Q₂ ?
Jawab :
Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yeCarnot:
e = 1 – (T_L/T_H) = 1 – (320/780) = 1 – 0,41 = 0,59
59% chete yekupisa inoshandiswa kuita basa. Shandisa iyi data kuverenga kupisa kunotorwa neinjini yeCarnot (Q₁).
(0,59)(Q)₁) = 5000 Joule
Q₁ = 5000 Joules/0,59 = 8475 Joules
Huwandu hwekupisa hunotorwa neinjini i8475 Joules.
Huwandu hwekupisa kunoburitswa neinjini padanho rega rega:
W = Q₁ -Q₂
MaJoules 5000 = MaJoules 8475 – Q₂
Q₂ = MaJoules 8475 – MaJoules 5000
Q₂ = 3475 Joule
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

8. Tarisa dhayagiramu yePV yeinjini yeCarnot iri pazasi! Kana kupisa kwakanyanyiswa (Q₁) = 8000 Joules saka basa rinoitwa neinjini yeCarnot ndere…
A. 1640 J
B. 4720 J
C. 5640 J
D. 6270 J
E. 8840 J

Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
Q₁ = 8000 J
T_H = 820K
T_L = 380K
Akabvunzwa :
W?
Jawab :
Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yeCarnot:
e = 1 – (T_L/T_H) = 1 – (380/820) = 1 – 0,46 = 0,54
54% chete yekupisa inoshandiswa kuita basa. Shandisa iyi data kuverenga basa rinoitwa neCarnot engine (W).
(0,59)(8000) = 4720 maJoules
Basa rinoitwa neinjini yeCarnot i4720 Joules.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

9. Injini yeCarnot inoshanda pakati penzvimbo inodziya ye520 ^oC nedura remvura rinotonhora 110 ^oC. Kana muchina ukatora maJoules mazana matatu ekupisa kubva mudura rinopisa, zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwekupisa hunorambwa kubva mumuchina hu...
A. 450 joules
B. 800 joules
C. Maminitsi chiuru
D. 1200 majoules
E. 1440 majoules
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
T_H = 520 + 273 = 793 K
T_L = 110 + 273 = 383 K
Q₁ = 3000 J
Akabvunzwa :
Q₂ = … ?
Jawab :
Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yeCarnot:
e = 1 – (383/793) = 1 – 0,48 = 0,52
Shandisa iyi data kuverenga basa rinoitwa neinjini (W)
(0,52)(3000) = 1560 maJoules
Basa rinoitwa nemuchina uyu i1560 Joules.
Huwandu hwekupisa kunoburitswa neinjini:
Q₂ = MaJoules 3000 – MaJoules 1560
Q₂ = 1440 Joule
Kupisa kunoburitswa neinjini i1440 Joules.