11 Mienzaniso yemibvunzo pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics kune akasiyana maitiro ethermodynamic (isobaric, isothermal, isochoric)
1. Girafu riri pazasi rinoratidza kutenderera kwethermodynamic kunoitika negasi. Basa rinoitwa negasi riri kuitwa ABCD…
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Kumanikidzwa 1 (P)1) = 2 x 105 Pa
Kumanikidzwa 2 (P)2) = 4 x 105 Pa
Vhoriyamu 1 (V)1) = 1 m3
Vhoriyamu 2 (V)2) = 3 m3
Akabvunzwa : Basa rinoitwa negasi mumaitiro eABCD cycle
Jawab :
Basa rinoitwa negasi = nzvimbo ye rectangle ABCD.
W = (P)2 - P1)(V)2 - V1)
W = (4 x 10)5 - 2 x 105)(3 – 1)
W = (2 x 10)5)(2)
W = 4 x 105 Joule
Basa rinoitwa negasi mu ABCD cycle process i4 x 105 Joule.
2. Basa rinoitwa negasi muABC cycle process nderiri…
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Kumanikidzwa 1 (P)1) = 3 x 105 Pa
Kumanikidzwa 2 (P)2) = 6 x 105 Pa
Vhoriyamu 1 (V)1) = 20 cm3 = 20 x gumi-6 m3
Vhoriyamu 2 (V)2) = 60 cm3 = 60 x gumi-6 m3
Akabvunzwa : Basa rinoitwa negasi muABC cycle process
Jawab :
Basa rinoitwa negasi = nzvimbo yetriangle ABCD.
W = ½ (P)2 - P1)(V)2 - V1)
W = ½ (6 x 10)5 - 3 x 105)(60 x 10-6 - 20 x 10-6)
W = ½ (3 x 10)5)(40 x 10-6)
W = ½ (120 x 10)-1 Joule)
W = ½ (12 Joules)
W = 6 Joule
Basa rinoitwa negasi muABC cycle process i6 Joules.
3. Girafu yekumanikidzwa (P) zvichienzaniswa nevhoriyamu (V) yegesi iri munzvimbo yakavharwa. Chikamu chegirafu chinoratidza gasi riri kushanda nharaunda ndeche…
Kukurukurirana
Maitiro AB nemaitiro DC maitiro e-isobaric. Maitiro AD nemaitiro BC maitiro e-isochoric.
Gasi rinoshanda panzvimbo yakakomberedza kana gasi rikawedzera zvekuti huwandu hwenzvimbo inogarwa negasi hunowedzera (DC process). Nzvimbo yakakomberedza inoshanda pagasi kana gasi rikadzikira zvekuti huwandu hwenzvimbo inogarwa negasi huderera (BC process).
4. Magasi ese akakodzera anofambiswa nenzira ye isochoric saka...
A. mamorekuru ese ane kumhanya kwakafanana
B. pakupisa kwakanyanya, avhareji yekumhanya kwemamorekuru yakakura
C. kumanikidzwa kwegasi kunoramba kuripo
D. gasi richashanda
E. haina simba remukati
Kukurukurirana
Isochoric = vhoriyamu isingachinji.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
5. Huwandu hwegasi rakakodzera hunomanikidzwa kuburikidza nemaitiro ethermodynamic kubva padunhu 1 kusvika padunhu 2 sezvakaratidzwa muPV graph inotevera. Basa rinoitwa negasi iri…
A. -180 J
B. -90 J
C. -30 J
D. 30 J
E. 90 J
Kukurukurirana
1 litre = 0,001 m3
Zvinozivikanwa kuti :
Kumanikidzwa 1 (P 1 ) = 10 kPa = 10.000 Pa = 10.000 N/m 2
Kumanikidzwa 2 (P 2 ) = 20 kPa = 20.000 Pa = 20.000 N/m 2
Vhoriyamu 1 (V 1 ) = marita 4 = 4 (0,001 m 3 ) = 0,004 m 3
Vhoriyamu 2 (V 2 ) = marita gumi = 10 (0,001 m 3 ) = 0,010 m 3
Akabvunzwa : Basa (W) rinoitwa negasi
Mhinduro:
W = P (V 2 – V 1 ) + 1/2 (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )
W = 10.000 ( 0,010-0,004) + 1/2 (20.000-10.000) (0,010-0,004)
W = 10.000 (0,006) + 1/2 (10.000) (0,006)
W = 10 (6) + 1/2 (10) (6)
W = 60 + 1/2 (60)
W = 60 + 30
W = 90 Joule
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiE.
6. Tarisa dhayagiramu yePV iri padivi!
Basa rinoitwa mukuita kwethermodynamic mudenderedzwa rimwe chete…
A. 100 kJ
B. 200 kJ
C. 300 kJ
D. 400 kJ
E. 600 kJ
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti :
Kumanikidzwa 1 (P 1 ) = 1 x 10 5 Pa = 1 x 10 5 N/m 2
Kumanikidzwa 2 (P 2 ) = 3 x 10 5 Pa = 3 x 10 5 N/m 2
Vhoriyamu 1 (V 1 ) = 2 m 3
Vhoriyamu 2 (V 2 ) = 4 m 3
Akabvunzwa : Basa (W) rakagadzirwa.
Mhinduro :
Basa raitwa = nzvimbo ye quadrilateral abcd.
W = (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )
W = (3 x 10 5 – 1 x 10 5 )(4 – 2)
W = (2 x 10 5 )(2)
W = 4 x 10 5 Joule
W = 400.000 Joule
W = 400 kilogiramu Joule
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
7. Gasi rakakodzera rinoitwa nenzira inoratidzwa pamufananidzo wePV kurudyi. Basa rinoitwa nenzira iyi…
A. 35 J
B. 24 J
C. 15 J
D. 12 J
E. 6 J
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti :
Kumanikidzwa 1 (P 1 ) = 1 N/m 2
Kumanikidzwa 2 (P 2 ) = 7 N/m 2
Vhoriyamu 1 (V 1 ) = 1 m 3
Vhoriyamu 2 (V 2 ) = 5 m 3
Akabvunzwa: Basa (W) rapera.
Mhinduro:
Basa raitwa = nzvimbo yetriangle ABC.
W = ½ (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )
W = ½ ( 7-1 ) ( 5-1 )
W = ½ ( 6 )( 4 )
W = ½ (24)
W = 12 Joule
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
8. 0,02 mol yegesi remonatomic pa350 K iri mumudziyo wakavharwa. Kupisa kwakadii kunodiwa kuti tembiricha yegesi iwedzere kusvika 400 K? Gasi risingaperi repasi rose, R = 8,31 J mol-1 K-1.
A. 10 Joule
B. 12,5 Joule
C. 14 Joule
D. 15,5 Joule
E. 17 Joules
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
n = 0,02 mol
T1 = 350K
T2 = 400K
R = 8,31 J/mol K
Akabvunzwa :
Kupisa (Q)?
Jawab :
Mukuita kwe isochoric (constant volume), Q = delta U
Tsananguro: Q = kupisa, delta U = shanduko musimba remukati, U = simba remukati
9. Mamoles maviri egasi remonatomic patembiricha ye20 oC nekumanikidzwa 2 × 105 Pa inopinda muitiro we isochoric kusvika kumanikidzwa kwava 4 × 105 Pa. Kana gasi risingachinji = 8,31 J/mol K, saka shanduko yesimba remukati megasi iri…
A. 7304 J
B. 6200 J
C. 2291 J
D. 2128 J
E. 1208 J
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
n = 2 mol
T1 = 20 + 273 = 293 K
P1 = 2 x gumi5 Pa
P2 = 4 x gumi5 Pa
R = 8,31 J/mol K
Akabvunzwa :
Kuchinja kwesimba remukati (delta U)?
Jawab :
delta U = 3/2 nR(T2-T1)
Nhamba T2 Tanga washandisa fomura yemutemo weGay-Lussac (vhoriyamu isingaperi)
10. Chikamu chegirafu yekumanikidzwa (P) - vhoriyamu (V) inoratidza basa rekunze rinogashira gasi ndicho...
A. AB
B. CD
C. BC
D. DA
E. AC
Kukurukurirana :
Kana basa rikaitwa pagasi, huwandu hwaro hunowedzera. Kusiyana neizvi, kana basa rikaitwa pagasi rinobva kune imwe nzvimbo, huwandu hwaro hunoderera. Maitiro anoratidzwa pagirafu iri pamusoro anoratidza kudzikira kwehuwandu hwegasi iprocess CD.
Saka mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
11. Magirafu ari pazasi anoratidza hukama huripo pakati pekumanikidzwa (P) nevhoriyamu (V) yegesi iri kuitika.
Maitiro anoita kuti pave nesimba guru anoratidzwa munhamba yegirafu ...
A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)
Kukurukurirana :
Basa raitwa = nzvimbo. Nzvimbo yakakura, basa raitwa rakakura. Nzvimbo yakakura inoratidzwa mugirafu 3.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.
