Mienzaniso 7 yeMibvunzo Uchishandisa Girazi Rinokudza Kana Loupe
1. Kureba kwechinhu kana chikaonekwa zvakananga kubva padyo neziso remunhuwo zvake i2 mm. Chinhu chacho chinozoonekwa uchishandisa girazi rinokudza . Kana daro rechinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rinokudza riri 10 cm, daro remufananidzo wechinhu chakagadzirwa negirazi rinokudza riri 25 cm rakaita sei?
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kureba kwechinhu (h) = 2 mm
Pedyo nepaziso remazuva ose (N) = 25 cm
Kureba kwechinhu = 10 cm
Akabvunzwa: Kona yekuwedzera ye loupe (M)
Mhinduro:
M = N / s
M = 25 cm / 10 cm
M = katatu
Kureba kwemufananidzo wechinhu chakagadzirwa nerupu ndeye 2,5 x 2 mm = 5 mm.
2. Munhu ane maziso akajairwa anoshandisa girazi rinokudza rine urefu hwe25 cm kuverenga zvakanyorwa zvidiki. Sarudza kukura kwegirazi rinokudza kana: (a) ziso riri panzvimbo yepamusoro, (b) ziso riri panzvimbo yepamusoro.
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Pedyo nepaziso (N) = 25 cm
Kureba kwegirazi rinokudza (f) = 25 cm (kwakanaka nekuti girazi rinokudza riri lenzi yakamoneredzwa)
Mhinduro:
(a) Kukura kwekona (M) kwegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yakakwana
Nzira yekukudza kona yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro yepamusoro:
M = (N/f) + 1
M = (25 cm / 25 cm) + 1
M = 1 + 1
M = katatu
Kana ziso riri panzvimbo yepamusoro, zvinhu zvinoonekwa zvakakura kaviri. Semuenzaniso, kureba kwechinhu kana chikaonekwa zvakananga kubva panzvimbo iri pedyo neziso i1 cm. Kana chikaonekwa kuburikidza negirazi rinokudza ziso riri panzvimbo yepamusoro, kureba kwemufananidzo wechinhu i2 x 1 cm = 2 cm.
(b) Kukura kwekona (M) kwegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yakaderera
Nzira yekuwedzera angle yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yakaderera:
M = N / f
M = (25 cm / 25 cm)
M = 1
M = katatu
Saizi yechinhu kana chikaonekwa kuburikidza negirazi rinokudza ziso apo ziso riri panzvimbo yaro yakaenzana nehukuru hwechinhu kana chikaonekwa zvakananga kubva pedyo neziso.
3. Kureba kwechinhu kana chikaonekwa kubva pedyo neziso rakajairika i1 cm. Verengai kukwirira kwemufananidzo kana muchionekwa kuburikidza negirazi rinokudza rine urefu hwe10 cm kana: (a) ziso riri panzvimbo yepamusoro, (b) ziso riri panzvimbo yepamusoro.
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kureba kwechinhu (h) = 1 cm
Kureba kwegirazi rinokudza (f) = 10 cm
Pedyo nepaziso remazuva ose (N) = 25 cm
Mhinduro:
(a) Kureba kwemumvuri wechinhu kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro yepamusoro
Nzira yekukudza kona yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro yepamusoro:
M = (N/f) + 1
M = (25 cm / 10 cm) + 1
M = 2,5 + 1
M = katatu
Kureba kwemumvuri wechinhu kana kuchionekwa uchishandisa girazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yepamusoro = 3,5 x 1 cm = 3,5 cm
(b) Kureba kwemumvuri wechinhu kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro
Nzira yekuwedzera angle yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yakaderera:
M = N/f
M = 25 cm / 10 cm
M = katatu
Kureba kwemumvuri wechinhu kana kuchionekwa uchishandisa girazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro = 2,5 x 1 cm = 2,5 cm
4. Mudzidzi anoshandisa girazi rinokudza zvinhu kuti aone chinhu. Kana ziso remudzidzi rakaenzana, chinhu chacho chinokura ne5x angular. Kana nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika iri 25 cm, kureba kwegirazi rinokudza zvinhu ndekupi?
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kukura kwekona (M) = kashanu
Pedyo nepaziso remazuva ose (N) = 25 cm
Akabvunzwa: Kureba kwegirazi rinokudza
Mhinduro:
Nzira yekuwedzera angle yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yakaderera:
M = N/f
5 = 25 cm / f
f = 25 cm / 5
f = 5 cm
Kureba kwegirazi rinokudza zvinhu i5 cm.
5. Utunga hunoonekwa nemunhu ane girazi rinokudza zvinhu rine urefu hwe15 cm. Kana daro rekuverenga remunhu wacho riri 30 cm, saka kukura kwakanyanya kwegirazi rinokudza zvinhu...
A. ka1,5
B. ka2,0
C. ka3,0
D. ka4,0
E. ka4,5
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Pedyo nepaziso remazuva ose (N) = 30 cm
Kureba kwegirazi rinokudza (f) = 15 cm (kwakanaka nekuti girazi rinokudza igirazi rakamonana)
Akabvunzwa: Kukwidziridzwa kwakanyanya kwegirazi rinokudza
Mhinduro:
Kukura kwepamusoro kunoitika kana ziso riri panzvimbo yepamusoro. Kukura kwekona yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yepamusoro:
M = (N/f) + 1
M = (30 cm / 15 cm) + 1
M = 2 + 1
M = katatu
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.
6. Girazi rinokudza rine simba rema diopters makumi maviri rinoshandiswa nemunhu anocherechedza ane daro rekuverenga remasendimita makumi maviri nemashanu (25 cm). Kana kucherechedza kwacho kukaitwa ziso risingakwanise, kukura kwacho kunobva kwaitika…
A. ka2
B. ka4
C. ka5
D. ka6
E. ka8
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Pedyo nepaziso remazuva ose (N) = 25 cm
Simba regirazi rinokudza (P) = 20 diopters
Akabvunzwa: Kukura kudiki kwegirazi rinokudza
Mhinduro:
Kureba kwechinhu chinosimudzira maginifa:
P = 1/f
20 = 1/f
f = 1/20 = 0,05 metres = 5 cm
Kukura kwekona yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yakaderera:
M = N / f
M = (25 cm / 5 cm)
M = katatu
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.
7. Kana tikaona chinhu chichishandisa girazi rinokudza ziso, ziso racho riine nzvimbo chaiyo yechinhu chacho...
Kukurukurirana
Akomodasi maziso acho kugadziriswa kwehurefu hwe lenzi Maziso. Kuti aone zvinhu zviri kure nemaziso zvakajeka, tsandanyama dzemaziso (tsandanyama dzeciliary) dzinochinja kukombama kwelenzi, zvichichinja kureba kwelenzi. Kureba kwelenzi kunochinja zvichienderana nekureba kwechinhu kubva kuziso. Kuti aone zvinhu zviri kure, tsandanyama dzemaziso dzinozorora, dzichitetepa lenzi uye dzichigadzira mufananidzo wechinhu zvakananga pa retina. Kana tsandanyama dzemaziso dzakasununguka kana kuti dzakasununguka, maziso haapindi zvakanyanya.
Kusiyana neizvi, kuona zvinhu zviri pedyo, tsandanyama dzemaziso dzinobonderana, dzichiita kuti lenzi ikure, dzichipfupisa urefu hwefocal, uye dzichiisa mufananidzo kumashure kwefocal point (retina). Daro riri pedyo neziso iro ziso rinogona kutarisa pariri rinonzi near point. Munhu wepakati ane near point ye25 cm. Kana ziso rikatarisa pane chinhu chiri pedyo (25 cm), ziso rinokwana zvakakwana.
Kukura kwechinhu chatinoona kunoenderana nekona inoumbwa nechinhu ichi nemaziso edu. Zvinhu zviri kure zvinoumba kona diki nemaziso edu, zvichiita kuti zviite sezvidiki, kunyangwe zvazvo zviri zvikuru. Kusiyana neizvi, zvinhu zviri pedyo nemaziso edu zvinoumba kona yakakura, zvichiita kuti zviite sezvikuru. Semuenzaniso, kune matombo maviri ane saizi imwe chete, rimwe rawo riri 50 cm kubva kumaziso edu uye rimwe riri 100 cm kubva kumaziso edu. Matombo aya ane saizi imwe chete, asi nekuda kwekuti daro riri pakati pawo rakasiyana, dombo riri 50 cm kubva kumaziso edu rakakura kaviri kupfuura dombo riri 100 cm kubva kumaziso edu. Kana tichida kuona chinhu zvakajeka, tinofanira kuchiswededza pedyo nemaziso edu, uye daro riri pedyo iro maziso edu achiri kuona zvakajeka i25 cm. Ko kana, mushure mekuswededza chinhu pedyo nemaziso edu kure ne25 cm, maziso edu achiri kusakwanisa kuchiona zvakajeka? Semuenzaniso, mavara madiki kwazvo, kunyangwe akaswededzwa pedyo ne25 cm, maziso edu asingakwanise kuaona zvakajeka. Kuti dambudziko iri rigadziriswe, girazi rinokudza zvinhu kana kuti loupe rinodiwa.
Girazi rinokudza kana kuti rinokudza rinoumbwa nemagirazi maviri akatenderedza maziso, anozivikanwawo semagirazi anotenderera, pamusoro pese. Rudzi urwu rwegirazi runonzi lenzi ine mativi maviri akatenderedza maziso. Girazi rinokudza rinotibvumira kuisa zvinhu pedyo nemaziso edu, nokudaro tichigadzira kona yakakura yekuona. Kuti ziso rigone kupindira zvishoma kana kuti kuzorora, mufananidzo wechinhu unofanira kunge uri pausingaperi. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana chinhu chiri panzvimbo yakatarisana negirazi rinokudza, sezvakaratidzwa mumhinduro C. Kusiyana neizvi, kana ziso richikwanisa kupindira zvakanyanya, mufananidzo unofanirwa kunge uri padaro rinenge 25 cm kubva paziso. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana chinhu chiri mukati menzvimbo yakatarisana negirazi rinokudza, sezvakaratidzwa mumhinduro D.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
Kwakabva mubvunzo:
Mibvunzo yeNational Examination Physics yeChikoro Chesekondari/Chikoro Chepamusoro Chebasa
