Mienzaniso mitatu yemibvunzo yegirazi yakavharika
1. Girazi rakatetepa ine urefu hwemasendimita mashanu. Tsanangura kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wobva waona daro remufananidzo uye kukura kwemufananidzo kana daro rechinhu kubva pagirazi rakakombama riri 10 cm.
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kureba kwegirazi rakakombama (f) = 5 cm
Chinonyanya kutariswa negirazi rakakombama chakanaka nekuti nzvimbo inonyanya kutariswa negirazi rakakombama ndipo panopinda chiedza kana kuti chiri chechokwadi.
Kureba kwechinhu = 10 cm
Mhinduro:
Mufananidzo wekuumbwa kwemimvuri yezvinhu :
Kureba kwemumvuri:
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/5 – 1/10 = 2/10 – 1/10 = 1/10
s' = 10/1 = 10 cm
Kureba kwemumvuri i10 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo:
M = -s'/s = -10/10 = -1 kanomwe
Kukura kwe1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemumvuri yakafanana nehukuru hwechinhu chacho.
Kukwidziridza mufananidzo usina kunaka zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo wakapindurwa. Mufananidzo wacho wakamira kana kukwidziridza mufananidzo wacho kwakarurama.
2. Chinhu chakareba masendimita mashanu chinoiswa pamberi pegirazi rakakombama rine dhayamita yekukombama ye20 cm. Sarudza kukwirira kwemufananidzo kana daro kubva pachinhu chacho riri masendimita mashanu, gumi nemashanu, makumi maviri, makumi matatu.
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Nharaunda yekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama (R) = 20 cm
Kureba kwegirazi rakakombama (f) = R/2 = 20/2 = 10 cm
Chinonyanya kutariswa negirazi rakakombama chakanaka nekuti chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pechinotariswa.
Kureba kwechinhu (h) = 5 cm
Mhinduro:
a) Nharaunda yekutarisa (f) = 10 cm uye daro rechinhu (s) = 5 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/10 – 1/5 = 1/10 – 2/10 = -1/10
s' = -10/1 = -10 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kunoreva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta kana kuti mufananidzo uri kuseri kwegirazi rakakombama uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M):
M = -s'/s = -(-10)/5 = 10/5 = 2 kanomwe
Kukura kwemufananidzo kwakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.
Kureba kwemumvuri (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = h M = (5 cm)(2) = 10 cm
Mufananidzo (h') wakareba ne10 cm pane chinhu (h) chiri 5 cm.
b) Kureba kwenzvimbo (f) = 10 cm uye kureba kwechinhu (s) = 15 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/10 – 1/15 = 3/30 – 2/30 = 1/30
s' = 30/1 = 30 cm
Kureba kwemumvuri kunoreva kuti mumvuri ndewechokwadi kana kuti mumvuri uri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama apo chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pemumvuri.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M):
M = -s'/s = -30/15 = -2 kanomwe
Kukura kwemufananidzo nechiratidzo chekuramba zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo wacho wapindurwa.
Kukura kwemufananidzo kwakakura kupfuura 1, zvichireva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu chacho.
Kureba kwemumvuri (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = h M = (5 cm)(2) = 10 cm
Mufananidzo (h') wakareba ne10 cm pane chinhu (h) chiri 5 cm.
c) Nharaunda yekutarisa (f) = 10 cm uye daro rechinhu (s) = 20 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/10 – 1/20 = 2/20 – 1/20 = 1/20
s' = 20/1 = 20 cm
Kureba kwemumvuri kunoreva kuti mumvuri ndewechokwadi kana kuti mumvuri uri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama apo chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pemumvuri.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M):
M = -s'/s = -20/20 = -1 kanomwe
Kukura kwemufananidzo nechiratidzo chekuramba zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo wacho wapindurwa.
Kukura kwe1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakafanana nehukuru hwechinhu chacho.
Kureba kwemumvuri (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = h M = (5 cm)(1) = 5 cm
Mufananidzo (h') 5 cm wakaenzana nechinhu (h) 5 cm.
d) Kureba kwenzvimbo (f) = 10 cm uye kureba kwechinhu (s) = 30 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/10 – 1/30 = 3/30 – 1/30 = 2/30
s' = 30/2 = 15 cm
Kureba kwemumvuri kunoreva kuti mumvuri ndewechokwadi kana kuti mumvuri uri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama apo chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pemumvuri.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M):
M = -s'/s = -15/30 = -0,5 kanomwe
Kukura kwemufananidzo nechiratidzo chekuramba zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo wacho wapindurwa.
Kukosha kwekukudza mufananidzo kuri pasi pe1, zvichireva kuti saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu chacho.
Kureba kwemumvuri (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = h M = (5 cm)(0,5) = 2,5 cm
Mufananidzo (h') wakaderera ne2,5 cm pane chinhu (h) 5 cm.
3. Mufananidzo chaiwo unoumbwa negirazi rakakombama wakakura zvakapetwa kana kupfuura chinhu chacho. Kana dhayamita yegirazi iri 20 cm, saka daro rechinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi…
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M) = 4
Nharaunda yekukombama kwegirazi (R) = 20 cm
Kureba kwenzvimbo (f) = R/2 = 20/2 = 10 cm
Akabvunzwa : Kureba kwechinhu (s)
Jawab :
M = – s' / s
4 = – s' / s
– s' = 4 s
s' = – masekondi mana
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/10 = 1/s + 1/4s
4/40 = 4/4s + 1/4s
4/40 = 5/4s
(4)(4s) = (5)(40)
masekondi makumi maviri = makumi mashanu
s = 12,5 cm
Kureba kwechinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi i12,5 cm.
Mibvunzo yegirazi yakavharika
1. Chinhu chakareba masendimita matatu chiri pachinhambwe chemakiromita matatu pamberi pegirazi rakakombama rinoburitsa chiedza. Kana kureba kwegirazi rakakombama kuri masendimita matanhatu, sarudza: (a) daro remufananidzo, (b) kukura kwemufananidzo, (c) kukwirira kwemufananidzo, (d) hunhu hwemufananidzo.
Kiyi yemhinduro:
(a) s' = – 6 cm
(b) M = 2
(c) h' = 6 cm
(d) hunhu hwemufananidzo: chaiyo, yakatwasuka, yakakura
2. Kureba kwechinhu kubva pagirazi rakakombama rine dhayamita yekukombama ye16 cm i12 cm. Kana kureba kwechinhu kuri 4 cm, sarudza: (a) kureba kwemufananidzo, (b) kukura kwemufananidzo, (c) kukwirira kwemufananidzo, (d) hunhu hwemufananidzo.
Kiyi yemhinduro:
(a) s' = 24 cm
(b) M = -2
(c) h' = -8 cm
(d) hunhu hwemufananidzo: chaiwo, akapindurwa, akakurisa
3. Chinhu chiri 20 cm kubva pagirazi rakakombama rine urefu hwe5 cm. Sarudza: (a) daro remufananidzo, (b) kukura kwemufananidzo, (c) kukwirira kwemufananidzo kana kukwirira kwechinhu kuri 5 cm, (d) hunhu hwemufananidzo.
Kiyi yemhinduro:
(a) s' = 6,7 cm
(b) M = -1/3
(c) h' = -5/3 cm
(d) hunhu hwemufananidzo: chaiwo, akapindurwa, akaderedzwa muhukuru
4. Mufananidzo chaiwo unogadzirwa negirazi rakakombama wakapetwa kaviri pane chinhu chacho. Kana kureba kwegirazi rakakombama kuri 20 cm, saka daro rechinhu chiri pamberi pegirazi rakakombama riri…
Kiyi yemhinduro:
(a) s = 10 cm
