Dzidziso yeZvisikwa Zvakawanda muAstronomy
Kuongorora nyeredzi ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzesainzi dzekare uye dzinofungidzirwa kuti dziri kuchinja nekukurumidza. Kubva pakutarisa nyeredzi mumaziso ekare kusvika pakushandisa matelescope nemasatellite emazuva ano, vanhu vagara vachitsvaga kunzwisisa nyeredzi dzakavapoteredza. Zvisinei, chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza uye zvinokakavadzana mukuongorora nyeredzi dzemazuva ano idzidziso yemayunivesiti akawanda, kana kuti multiverse. Iyi ndiyo pfungwa yekuti kunze kwemuchadenga watinoziva, panogona kunge paine dzimwe nyika dzisingaverengeki dziripo.
Kunzwisisa Zvinhu Zvakasiyana-siyana
Izwi rekuti "multiverse" rinoreva dzidziso inoratidza kuvapo kwemarudzi akawanda kunze kwedu. Pfungwa iyi ifungidziro mufizikisi necosmology, inosanganisira mukana wekuti nyika yedu ingori imwe yemarudzi akawanda akafanana aripo panguva imwe chete. Nyika imwe neimwe ine mitemo yayo yefizikisi, zvinhu zvisingachinji, uye pamwe kunyange chokwadi chakasiyana nenhoroondo.
Nhoroondo uye Pfungwa dzeDzidziso
Quantum Mechanics uye Dudziro yeMarudzi Akawanda
Imwe yemidzi yedzidziso ye multiverse inogona kuteverwa ne quantum mechanics, kunyanya dudziro yeMany-Worlds yakakurudzirwa naHugh Everett muna 1957. Sekureva kwedudziro iyi, pese panoitika chiitiko che quantum chine mhedzisiro yakawanda inogona kuitika, muchadenga unopatsanurwa kuita matavi akati wandei, rimwe nerimwe richimiririra mhedzisiro yakasiyana. Nemamwe mashoko, mhedzisiro yega yega inogoneka inoitika mune rimwe bazi rechadenga.
Kukwira Kwemitengo Kwepasi Pose
Muenzaniso weCosmic Inflation mucosmology wakakonzerawo pfungwa ye multiverse. Mushure meBig Bang, muchadenga unofungidzirwa kuti wakapfuura nechikamu chekuwedzera kukuru uye kwakasimba kunonzi inflation. Munguva iyi, zvikamu zvakasiyana zvespace-time zvaigona kunge zvakaparadzana zvikashanduka kuita Universe dzakasiyana dzine hunhu hwakasiyana hwepanyama.
String Dzidziso
Dzidziso yetambo, iyo inodzidzisa kubatanidza fizikisi yezvikamu uye hukama hwese, inopawo rutsigiro rwepfungwa yepfungwa ye multiverse. Mudzidziso yetambo, marongerwo akasiyana etambo dzinodedera anogona kugadzira nyika dzine mitemo yakasiyana kwazvo yefizikisi. Uyezve, dzidziso iyi inobvumira zviyero zvinopfuura mativi matatu enzvimbo yatinoziva, zvichivhura mukana we "nyika dzebrane" (nyika dziripo pama membranes muzvikamu zvepamusoro).
Kupatsanurana Kwemarudzi Akawanda
Masayendisiti akati wandei, kusanganisira Max Tegmark, vakagadzira marongero emhando dzakasiyana dzema multiverses angangovepo. Marongero anozivikanwa zvikuru ndeaya eLevel I kusvika Level IV multiverses:
1. Danho I: Hubble Vhoriyamu Yakawedzerwa
Chikamu chekutanga chinosanganisira nzvimbo dzichiri kuonekwa, asi dzinopfuura denderedzwa redu repasi rose. Dunhu iri rine matunhu akafanana nenyika yedu, asi riri kure zvekuti harigone kuonekwa parizvino. Chaizvoizvo ikuwedzera kwenyika inozivikanwa.
2. Danho rechipiri: Zvisikwa zveBubble
Mumuenzaniso uyu, muchadenga wedu mumwe we "mabhuru" akawanda. Bhuru rimwe nerimwe rinobva munzvimbo yakasiyana yenzvimbo ye inflationary. Chadenga rega rega riri muLevel II rinogona kuva nehunhu hwepanyama hwakasiyana zvishoma kana zvakanyanya nehwedu.
3. Danho rechitatu: Dudziro yeMarudzi Akawanda
Danho rechitatu rine chekuita nekutsanangurwa kweMany-Worlds kwequantum mechanics. Zvichienderana nekutsanangurwa uku, chiitiko chega chega chequantum chinoita kuti pasi rose ripararire kuita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakafanana.
4. Danho rechina: Muunganidzwa wepamusoro
Danho rechina rinoratidza kuti maumbirwo ese emasvomhu anogoneka aripo sepasi rose remuviri. Iyi ndiyo pfungwa yakanyanya kujeka uye yekufungidzira, sezvo ichisanganisira mikana yese yemasvomhu sezvinhu zviripo.
Uchapupu Nezvinetso
Kusvika pari zvino, humbowo hwechokwadi hunotsigira kuvapo kwemarudzi akawanda hwakaganhurirwa uye hunonyanya kufungidzira. Dzimwe nharo dzedzidziso uye ongororo dzezvemamiriro ekunze dzinotsigira dzidziso yemarudzi akawanda dzinosanganisira:
1. Kusarongeka Kwezvinhu Munyika Yose
Mimwe misiyano yakaonekwa mumwaranzi yemuchadenga, yakadai senzvimbo dzinopisa, inogona kutsanangurwa sezviratidzo zvekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika. Zvisinei, dudziro iyi ine gakava guru uye haina kubvumirana kwakakura kwesainzi.
2. Nguva Dzose dzeCosmological
Kukosha kudiki uye kwakanyatsojeka kwechinhu chisingachinji che cosmological mu inflationary model kunogona kuratidza kuti tinogara mune imwe yenyika dzakawanda dzine mamiriro ezvinhu anobatsira hupenyu. Iyi ndeimwe yepfungwa huru dzemutemo we anthropic.
kushoropodza
Dzidziso yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana yatsoropodzwawo zvikuru:
1. Kunyepa
Chimwe chezvinonyanya kutsoropodzwa ndechekuti haina chokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ndezvenhema. Mazhinji ipfungwa yakaoma zvikuru, kana kuti isingabviri, kuyedza zvakananga, sezvo dzimwe nyika dzisingakwanise kutaurirana nedzedu zvakananga.
2. Kuoma kwedzidziso
Vamwe masayendisiti vanoramba pfungwa iyi nekuti inounza kuoma kwakanyanya pasina humbowo hwakasimba hwekuongorora. Izvi zvinoonekwa sekutyora Occam's Razor, iyo inopa zano rekuti tisawanzise zvinhu zvisina basa.
Zvinoreva Uzivi uye Tsika
Dzidziso yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana inomutsa mibvunzo yakawanda yehuzivi netsika. Kana zvimwe zvinhu zviripo zvechokwadi, chii chinorehwa nekuvapo kwedu? Zvakadini nepfungwa dzekufanorongerwa kana kufanorongerwa? Mabasa edu ane basa here kana mamwe maBhaibheri edu akaita sarudzo dzakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana?
Nheyo yeAnthropic
Pfungwa yeanthropic inobatsira pakukurukura nezve multiverse. Inotaura kuti muchadenga chinoratidzika seizvi nekuti dai zvaive zvakasiyana, tingadai tisipo kuti tizvione. Muchirevo che multiverse, iyi nheyo inotaura kuti tinogara mune imwe yenyika dzakawanda dzinobvumira hupenyu, nekuti ndiyo yatinogona kuona.
Tsika uye Mutoro
Kana tikafunga kuti kune marudzi akawanda ekuti isu pachedu tinosarudza zvakanaka kana zvakaipa mune dzimwe nyika, izvi zvinogona kukanganisa maonero edu pamusoro pemutoro wetsika. Zvisinei, zvinogonawo kutungamira mukusava nehanya nesarudzo dzatinoita.
Mhedziso
Dzidziso ye "multiverse" ndeimwe yepfungwa dzinonakidza uye dzinokakavadzana munyeredzi dzemazuva ano nefizikisi. Kunyangwe humbowo hwekuongorora hunotsigira ichi chichiri chidiki uye chinofungidzira, pfungwa iyi inopa maonero matsva pakunzwisisa zvakasikwa nebasa redu mairi. Zvisinei, dzidziso iyi haingopikisi chete miganhu yeruzivo rwedu asiwo inokurudzira kufungisisa kwakadzama pamusoro pechinangwa chehupenyu nekuvapo. Chimwe chinhu chine chokwadi: kuongorora multiverse kunovhura nzira yekukurukurirana nekutsvagisa kunogona kuunza nzwisiso itsva muchadenga pamwero wakakura.
