Eris muSolar System
Eris chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza zvikuru muSolar System yemazuva ano, kwete nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, asi nekuda kwebasa rayo mukuchinja maitiro evanhu ekuronga mapuraneti. Kubva payakawanikwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi21, Eris yave iri pakati pehurukuro yesainzi, zvichizoguma zvaita kuti pave netsananguro itsva yepuraneti. Kunyangwe iri kure, inotonhora, uye isina simba, Eris ine ruzivo rwakakura nezvenzvimbo dzekunze dzeSolar System uye maitiro akaita kuti iumbwe. Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezveEris, kuti iri kupi, kuti yakawanikwa sei, hunhu hwayo hwepanyama, kutenderera kwayo, uye kuti nei ichikosha munhoroondo yezvenyeredzi.
Kuwanikwa kwaEris uye Gakava reKupatsanura
Eris yakawanikwa muna 2005 nechikwata chevaongorori venyeredzi chaitungamirirwa naMike Brown, Chad Trujillo, naDavid Rabinowitz. Kuwanikwa uku kwakaitwa pachishandiswa ruzivo rwekucherechedza kubva kuPalomar Observatory muCalifornia. Panguva iyoyo, chinhu ichi, chakazotumidzwa zita rekuti Eris, chakaonekwa sechinhu chidiki, chinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma chiri kumashure kwenyeredzi—zvakafanana nezvinhu zviri kure muSolar System yekunze.
Chakaita kuti Eris ive nemukurumbira ipapo ipapo ndechekuti yakakura, yakaenzana nePluto, uye yaitofungidzirwa kuti yakakura kupfuura Pluto. Panguva iyoyo, Pluto yaionekwa sepuraneti rechipfumbamwe. Kana chinhu chitsva chakawanikwa chaive nehukuru hwakafanana nePluto (kana kuti yakakura), mubvunzo mukuru waimuka: Eris inofanirawo kuonekwa sepuraneti here? Kana zvakadaro, zvingangoita kuti zviite kuti pawanikwe mamwe "mapuraneti matsva" akawanda muKuiper Belt uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Gakava iri rakazopedzisira raita kuti International Astronomical Union (IAU) muna 2006 igadzire tsananguro yakasimba yepuraneti.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, Pluto yakanga isisiri pasi penyika, asi "pasi diki." Eris yakaiswawo muchikamu chimwe chete. Nemamwe mashoko, Eris ndiyo yaiva imwe yezvikonzero zvikuru zvekuchinja kwepamutemo kwehurongwa hwekupatsanura hweSolar System.
Chinzvimbo chaEris: Nyika Iri Kure Kumucheto kweSolar System
Eris iri kure zvikuru neZuva, iri muboka rezvinhu zve trans-Neptunian (TNOs), zvinhu zvine nzira dzekutenderera dziri mberi kweNeptune. Kunyanya, Eris inowanzo batanidzwa ne "spreaded disk," nzvimbo ine zvinhu zvine nzira dzekutenderera dzakatenderedza dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzakakanganiswa negiravhiti yeNeptune muSolar System yekutanga.
Kureba kwaEris kubva kuZuva kunosiyana zvikuru nekuda kwekufamba kwaro kwakatenderera. Padanho rayo repedyo (perihelion), inenge 38 astronomical units (AU) kubva kuZuva—anenge daro repakati pePluto. Zvisinei, padanho rayo rekupedzisira (aphelion), Eris inogona kusvika 97 AU. Kana tichienzanisa, 1 AU ndiyo avhareji yedaro riri pakati peNyika neZuva, anenge makiromita mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chero nguva, Eris inogona kunge iri kure neZuva kanenge ka100 kupfuura Pasi.
Nekuda kwedaro rayo guru, Eris inotonhora zvikuru uye haiwani chiedza chezuva chakawanda. Hazvishamisi kuti kuiona kunoda materesikopu makuru uye kuongororwa kwakanyatsonaka.
Saizi, Huremu, uye Kuumbwa
Eris ndiyo mapuraneti madiki makuru (kana kuti rimwe remapuraneti makuru) nehuremu hwayo. Ine dhayamita inosvika 2.300 makiromita (fungidziro dzemazuva ano dzinosiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nenzira dzekuyera). Yakaenzana zvikuru nePluto, kunyangwe Pluto ichizivikanwa kuti yakakura zvishoma mudhayamita, nepo Eris ichiipfuura nehuremu hwayo nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo.
Huremu hwaEris hwakakura ne27% kupfuura hwaPluto. Kuwanda kwaEris kunoratidza kuti ingangove yakagadzirwa nemusanganiswa wedombo nechando, pamwe nechikamu chakakura chedombo. Izvi zvinonakidza nekuti zvinoratidza musiyano wakasiyana, kana kuti kusimba, kwezvinhu kupfuura mimwe mitumbi midiki ine chando iri kunze kweSolar System.
Pamusoro paEris pane chiedza chakajeka (chine albedo yakakwira), zvichiratidza kuvapo kwechando chakajeka. Kucherechedzwa kwespectral kunoratidza kuvapo kwechando chemethane chakaomeswa nechando pamusoro, chakafanana nePluto. Zvisinei, Eris inotaridzika yakajeka kupfuura Pluto, izvo zvinogona kuratidza kuti pamusoro payo pakafukidzwa nechando chitsva kana kuti ine simba rakasiyana remhepo.
Kutenderera Kunoshamisa uye Nguva Yekuchinja Yakareba Zvikuru
Eris inotenderera Zuva mumakore angangoita 557 ePasi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kubva panguva iyo vanhu vakapinda muIndustrial Revolution kusvika pari zvino, Eris haisati yatopedza hafu yekutenderera kwayo. Izvi zvinotiyeuchidza kuti kufamba kwezvinhu zviri kunze kweSolar System kunononoka sei.
Kutenderera kwaEris kwakakombamawo zvakanyanya (anenge madhigirii makumi mana nemana kusvika kundege ye ecliptic). Mapuraneti makuru mazhinji anotenderera mundege dzakafanana, sezvo dzakaumbwa kubva padhisiki rakati sandara re protoplanetary. Kutenderera kukuru kwaEris kunoratidza nhoroondo yegiravhiti "ine simba" - pamwe mhedzisiro yekudyidzana neNeptune kana imwe nhengo hombe muSolar System yekutanga. Iyi nzira isina kujairika, yakakombama yakajairika yezvinhu zvakapararira-disk.
Mwedzi waEris: Dysnomia
Eris ane satellite imwe chete inozivikanwa, Dysnomia. Mwedzi uyu wakawanikwa nguva pfupi mushure meEris. Kuvapo kwesatellite iyi kwakakosha nekuti kunobvumira masayendisiti kuverenga huremu hwaEris nekuongorora kutenderera kweDysnomia.
Zita rekuti Dysnomia rinobva mungano dzechiGiriki uye rinobatanidzwa naEris, mwarikadzi wekusawirirana. Sarudzo iyi inoita seinokodzera tichifunga nezvebasa raEris mugakava resainzi pamusoro petsananguro yepuraneti. Dysnomia pachayo idiki uye haina kusimba kupfuura Eris, asi inokosha pakudzidza nezvekuchinja kwehurongwa hweEris.
Mhepo: Iripo Here Kana Kuti Kwete?
Mubvunzo mumwe unonakidza nezveEris ndewekuti ine mhepo here. PaPluto, mhepo yakatetepa, ine nitrogen inogona kuumbwa kana nitrogen nemethane zviri pamusoro zvichidzika panosvika kuZuva. Eris, nekuda kwekutenderera kwayo kure uye kunotonhora zvakanyanya, inogona kunge isina mhepo yakawanda kana kutoita chando pamusoro payo painosvika kuAphelion.
Mamwe mamodheru anoratidza kuti Eris angangodaro aiva nemhepo yakatetepa kwenguva pfupi payaiva pedyo neZuva, asi nguva yacho yakareba kwazvo, inotora mazana emakore. Mamiriro ekunze (kana aripo) angangodaro akachinja zvishoma nezvishoma sezvo daro kubva kuZuva rakachinja.
Sei Eris Akakosha?
Eris inokosha nekuda kwezvikonzero zvikuru zvitatu. Chekutanga, inowedzera kunzwisisa kwedu huwandu hwezvinhu zvikuru zviri kunze kweSolar System. Kuvapo kwayo kunoratidza kuti Pluto haisiriyo yega muviri mukuru kunze kweNeptune, uye kuti Solar System ine "katalogu" yakasiyana-siyana yenhengo kupfuura zvaifungidzirwa kare.
Chechipiri, Eris ndiye akakonzera tsananguro yemazuva ano yepuraneti. Sekureva kwetsananguro yeIAU (2006), puraneti inofanira (1) kutenderera Zuva, (2) kuva yakakura zvakakwana kuti ive yakaita sedenderedzwa (hydrostatic), uye (3) kunge "yabvisa zvimwe zvinhu munzvimbo yayo yekutenderera". Eris inosangana nezvinodiwa zviviri zvekutanga, asi kwete yechitatu nekuti inogovana kutenderera kwayo nemamwe maTNO akawanda. Saka, Eris inorongwa sepuraneti diki, pamwe chete nePluto, Haumea, neMakemake.
Chechitatu, Eris inobatsira masayendisiti kuyedza dzidziso dzekuumbwa kweSolar System. Kutenderera kwayo kwakanyanya, kuumbwa kwayo, uye kubatana kwayo nediski yakapararira zvinopa zviratidzo zvakakosha nezvekutama kwemapuraneti makuru mumazuva ekutanga. Mamodheru mazhinji anoratidza kuti Neptune yakambotama ichienda kunze, ichizunza uye ichiparadzira zvinhu zvidiki mukufamba kwakajairika—zvichida kusanganisira Eris.
Remangwana reEris Research
Kusvika pari zvino, Eris haisati yamboshanyirwa nechinoongorora muchadenga. Ruzivo nezvayo ruchiri kudzorwa nekuona kubva kumateresikopu, kusanganisira materesikopu emuchadenga nematunhu makuru ekuongorora zvinhu pasi pano. Zvisinei, sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, Eris ine mukana wekuva chinangwa chemabasa emangwana, kunyanya sezvo iri muenzaniso wakakosha wenyika iri kure ine chando inogona kumiririra mamiriro ezvinhu muSolar System yekutanga.
Kudzidza zvakawanda nezveEris—semuenzaniso, kuyera kwakanyatsojeka kwechimiro chayo pamusoro, shanduko dzemwaka, kana ruzivo rwechimiro chayo nekutenderera kwayo—zvichatibatsira kunzwisisa kuti zvinhu zviri kunze kweSolar System zvinoshanduka sei.
Penutup
Eris ipuraneti diki iri kure, inotonhora, uye isinganzwisisike, asi simba rayo pakuongorora nyeredzi dzemazuva ano rakakura. Kubva pakuwanikwa kwayo, uko kwakakonzera kutsanangurwa patsva kwemapuraneti, kusvika kuhunhu hwayo hwakanyanya hwekutenderera uye pamusoro payo pakajeka, pechando, Eris inoratidza kuti Solar System ichiri nezvishamiso zvakawanda. Kudzidza Eris hakusi kungotaura nezvechinhu chimwe chete chidiki, chiri kure, asi nezvekunzwisisa nhoroondo refu uye yakaoma yekuumbwa kweSolar System - nyaya inoramba ichichinja nekuwana zvinhu zvitsva.
