Pfungwa yeNzvimbo nenzvimbo muAnthropology yetsika
Dzidzo yetsika, sechidzidzo chinodzidza vanhu, tsika, uye magariro evanhu, inonyanya kutarisisa pfungwa dzenzvimbo nenzvimbo. Pfungwa mbiri idzi dzinoita basa rakakosha mukunzwisisa kuti vanhu nemagariro evanhu vanoumba sei hunhu, kudyidzana, uye zvinoreva muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Mukushandiswa kwedzidzo yetsika, nzvimbo nenzvimbo hazvionekwi sezvinhu zvemuviri chete asiwo sezvinhu zvine revo, zviratidzo, uye mamiriro ezvinhu.
Tsanangudzo yeNzvimbo nenzvimbo
Munyaya yetsika dzevanhu, nzvimbo inotsanangurwa senzvimbo kana nharaunda umo mabasa evanhu anoitika. Nzvimbo inogona kuva yemuviri, senge guta, musha, kana kunyange imba. Zvisinei, nzvimbo inogonawo kuva isina kujeka, inoonekwa senzvimbo yemagariro evanhu netsika umo network dzekudyidzana, hukama hwemasimba, uye mafambiro enharaunda anoitika.
Kune rumwe rutivi, nzvimbo inoreva nzvimbo yakapihwa revo nemunhu kana boka. Inzvimbo yakazadzwa nendangariro, nhoroondo, manzwiro, uye zviratidzo zvakakosha kunharaunda kana munhu. Nemamwe mashoko, nzvimbo ipfungwa yemunhu uye yepedyo kupfuura nzvimbo yeruzhinji uye yakavhurika. Nzvimbo dzinopa hunhu uye kunzwa kwekuva weavo vanogara madziri.
Nzvimbo muAnthropology yetsika
Mukudzidza nezvetsika dzevanhu, nzvimbo inoshanda senzvimbo umo vanhu vanodyidzana uye vanoumba nharaunda yavo. Edwin Ardener, nyanzvi yezvevanhu ine mukurumbira, akagadzira pfungwa yekuti "yakarongwa uye yakarongwa" mukudzidza nzvimbo. Nzvimbo yakarongwa inzvimbo yakapihwa chimiro nerevo nenzanga, senge guta rakagadzirwa nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshanda. Nzvimbo yakarongwa inoreva nzvimbo dzisina zvadzinoreva kana chimiro chakapihwa nevanhu.
Nyanzvi dzetsika dzevanhu dzinowanzoongorora kuti nzvimbo idzi dzinofungidzirwa sei, dzinoshandiswa sei, uye dzinoshandurwa sei nevanhu nenzanga. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji nedzepachivande dzine miganhu yakasiyana mutsika dzakasiyana. Mutsika dzekuMadokero, nzvimbo dzepachivande, dzakadai sedzimba, dzinoonekwa sedzitsvene uye dzakavanzika, nepo mune dzimwe tsika, miganhu iri pakati penzvimbo dzeveruzhinji nedzepachivande inogona kunge yakawanda.
Nzvimbo muCultural Anthropology
Nzvimbo dzine zvadzinoreva zvakadzama uye zvine chekuita nemamiriro ezvinhu muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Dzinowanzoonekwa senzvimbo dzakazara nezvinorehwa kuburikidza neruzivo nekudyidzana kwevanhu. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzakadai saMarc Augé dzakapa pfungwa yekuti "haisi nzvimbo" kutsanangura nzvimbo kana nzvimbo dzisina hunhu kana kukosha kwetsika, senge nhandare dzendege kana nzvimbo dzezvitoro.
Nzvimbo dzinowanzo batanidzwawo nekuzivikanwa kwetsika nekurangarira. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo tsvene kana nzvimbo dzenhoroondo dzinoita basa rakakosha mukuumba nekuchengetedza kuzivikanwa kweboka. Nzvimbo idzi hadzisi nzvimbo dzemuviri chete asiwo sezviratidzo zvinomiririra tsika dzemunharaunda nenhoroondo.
Pfungwa yenzvimbo mutsika dzevanhu inosanganisirawo pfungwa yenzvimbo dzakazadzwa netsika dzakadai semitambo, mhemberero, kana tsika. Nzvimbo idzi dzinoshanda senzvimbo dzinonyanya kuratidzwa nekuchengetedzwa kwetsika. Semuenzaniso, misha yechinyakare muIndonesia inochengetedza zvivakwa zvechinyakare nenzvimbo tsvene sezvikamu zvakakosha zvetsika dzavo.
Chidzidzo Chemuenzaniso: Nzvimbo Nenzvimbo Mumamiriro Emaguta
Nyanzvi dzetsika dzevanhu dzinowanzo tarisa zvidzidzo zvavo munzvimbo dzemaguta kuti vanzwisise kuti nzvimbo nenzvimbo dzemaguta dzinoumbwa sei uye dzinopesvedzerwa sei nehupenyu hwevanhu. Semuenzaniso, New York City ine nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeveruzhinji dzakadai semapaki, migwagwa, uye mapizza. Nzvimbo idzi dzinoshanda senzvimbo dzakakosha dzekudyidzana nevanhu vanogara muguta.
Chidzidzo chenzvimbo dzemaguta chinoongororawo kuti mapoka akasiyana-siyana emadzinza nenharaunda anoumba sei nzvimbo yavo muguta. Chinatown muSan Francisco kana Little Italy muNew York mienzaniso yekuti nharaunda dzevatorwa dzinogadzira sei nzvimbo dzine chekuita netsika mukati memaguta akafara.
Uyezve, pfungwa yenzvimbo yeliminal inowanzoshandiswa mukutsvagisa kwetsika dzevanhu mumaguta. Nzvimbo yeliminal inoreva nzvimbo dzinochinjika kana dzemuganhu dzisingakwane zvizere muzvikamu zvakarongeka kana kuti zvakajeka. Mienzaniso yenzvimbo dzeliminal inogona kusanganisira muganhu uri pakati penzvimbo mbiri kana kupatsanurwa kusina kujeka pakati penzvimbo dzemaindasitiri nedzekugara.
Nzvimbo neNzvimbo muMamiriro eKudyidzana kwenyika
Kudyidzana kwenyika yose kwakachinja zvikuru pfungwa dzenzvimbo nenzvimbo mutsika dzevanhu. Maitiro ekudyidzana kwenyika yose anounza kufamba kwakawanda uye kuchinjana kwakasimba kwetsika. Izvi zvinoita kuti nzvimbo nenzvimbo zvive zvinhu zvinoshanduka uye zvinowanzova zvakasanganiswa.
Semuenzaniso, kutama kwenyika kwagadzira vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, uko vanhu nenharaunda vanounza hunhu hwavo hwetsika kunzvimbo itsva. Izvi zvinoguma nenzvimbo itsva dzinosanganisa zvinhu zvinobva mutsika dzakasiyana dzekwakabva. Semuenzaniso, misika inopa chikafu nezvinhu zvinobva kunyika dzakasiyana inowanzova nzvimbo dzakasanganiswa dzinoratidza mafambiro ekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose.
Tekinoroji yeruzivo nekutaurirana yakachinjawo maonero evanhu nezvenzvimbo nenzvimbo. Nekuuya kweinternet nesocial media, pfungwa yenzvimbo chaiyo yave nyore kuchinja. Nzvimbo dzepamhepo dzinobvumira vanhu vanobva kumativi akasiyana enyika kuti vabatane uye vataurirane vasina miganhu yenzvimbo. Izvi zvinogadzira nzvimbo itsva dzisina kusungwa nemiganhu chaiyo, zvichiita kuti dzive nzvimbo itsva dzekuungana nekudyidzana.
Mhedziso
Mukudzidza nezvetsika dzevanhu, pfungwa dzenzvimbo nenzvimbo dzinopa maturusi akakosha ekunzwisisa kuti vanhu vanoronga sei, vanogara sei, uye vanopa sei zvinoreva nyika yavo. Nzvimbo inopa mamiriro ezvinhu apo kudyidzana kwevanhu kunoitika, nepo nzvimbo iri kuratidzwa kwezvinoreva zvemunhu uye zvemunharaunda zvinogadzirwa neruzivo nenhoroondo.
Kuburikidza nekudzidza nzvimbo nenzvimbo, tsika dzevanhu dzinokwanisa kuburitsa pachena mamiriro akaomarara emagariro evanhu, tsika, uye hunhu. Kubva munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji kusvika kunzvimbo dzinoyera, kubva kumaguta kusvika kumamisha, uye kubva kunzvimbo dzepanyama kusvika kune dzepamhepo, tsika dzevanhu dzinoramba dzichiedza kunzwisisa kuti vanhu vanobatana sei nenzvimbo dzavanogara uye kuti dzinopa sei zvinoreva nzvimbo dzavanogara. Kudyidzana kwenyika nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji zvinoramba zvichivandudza nekushandura nzira yatinonzwisisa uye yatinotsanangura nzvimbo nenzvimbo, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakudzidza mumamiriro ezvinhu enyika iri kuwedzera kuva yepasi rose uye yakabatana.
