Mutauro netsika
Mutauro hausi kungoshandisa mashoko chete. Ndiwo "musha" umo nzanga inochengeta mafungiro ayo, zvitendero, uye tsika dzayo dzainoona sedzinokosha. Kuburikidza nemutauro, tinogona kunzwisisa kuti nharaunda inoona sei nyika: zvavanoremekedza, zvavanodzivisa, zvavanovaka sei hukama hwevanhu, uye kuti vanokoshesa sei tsika netsika. Nokudaro, kukurukura mutauro zvinorevawo kukurukura tsika, sezvo zviviri izvi zvichiumba uye zvichipesvedzerana.
Mutauro segirazi retsika
Tsika yega yega ine ruzivo rwakasiyana rwenhoroondo, nharaunda, uye maumbirwo emagariro evanhu. Kusiyana uku kunoonekwa mumashoko, matauriro, uye maitiro ekutaura. Semuenzaniso, munharaunda dzinosimbisa kubatana, mazwi mazhinji anosimbisa kushandira pamwe chete, kukurukura, uye kuwirirana. Mutauro wechiIndonesia unoona pfungwa ye "gotong royong," iyo yakaoma kushandura nemazvo mune mimwe mitauro nekuti inoratidza zvinoreva kushanda pamwe chete, kunzwa kwekuve wevamwe, uye mutoro wemagariro evanhu.
Kupfuura mazwi, maumbirwo emutauro anogonawo kuratidza tsika. Mitauro mizhinji yemuIndonesia ine mazinga akasiyana ekutaura kana kusarudza mazwi zvichienderana nezera uye chinzvimbo chemunhu ari kutaurwa. Semuenzaniso, muchiJavanese, kune ngoko, krama, uye krama inggil. Kusarudzwa kwemutauro hakusi nyaya ye "mitemo yemutauro," asi kuratidzwa kwetsika: ruremekedzo, hunhu, uye kuziva chinzvimbo chevanhu. Kuburikidza nemutauro, nzanga inosimbisa kuti hukama hwevanhu hunofanira kuchengetedzwa nehunhu.
Tsika dzetsika mumashoko nerevo
Tsika dzetsika dzinowanzo shandiswa mumashoko akakosha ezuva nezuva. Mutsika dzechiIndonesia, izwi rekuti "kunyara" harisi nguva dzose rinofanana nemanzwiro ekusakosha; rinobatanidzwawo nekutonga vanhu: munhu anochengetedza maitiro ake kuti asazvinyadzise iye kana mhuri yake. Saizvozvowo, mazwi ekuti "tata krama," "adat," kana "pantang" anoreva mitemo yetsika inopfuudzwa kubva kuzvizvarwa nezvizvarwa.
Mashoko echinyakare akadai setsumo, zvirevo, uye ma "pantuns" anoratidzawo tsika. Chirevo chinoti "mvura yakadururwa chinoreva kusadzika" chinodzidzisa kuzvininipisa uye kusaratidza ruzivo. "Kureruka kwakafanana nekutakura, huremu hwakafanana nekutakura" chinosimbisa kubatana. Kana tsumo idzi dzichishandiswa, mutauri haangotauri shoko rinoshanda chete asiwo anosimbisa tsika dzinoonekwa sedzakanaka munharaunda.
Mutauro, hunhu uye kuva werudzii
Mutauro unoumba hunhu. Munhu anotaura mutauro wakasiyana anowanzoonekwa seanobva kunzvimbo yakati, uye izvi zvinowanzosimudzira hukama. Mitauro yemunharaunda inoshanda sezviratidzo zvenharaunda uye ndangariro dzeboka: ngano, nziyo dzechivanhu, netsika dzinotaurwa dzinopfuudzwa kuburikidza nemutauro. Kana mitauro yemunharaunda ikaneta, kwete mazwi chete anorasika, asiwo nzira dzakasiyana dzekutarisa hupenyu.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Indonesian inoita basa guru sesimba rinobatanidza vanhu. Inogonesa kutaurirana pakati pemarudzi netsika, inosimudzira pfungwa yerudzi, uye inowedzera mukana wekuwana dzidzo. Kukosha kwetsika kunobuda pano mweya wekubatana mukusiyana-siyana. Indonesian inoshanda sebhiriji: kwete kubvisa mitauro yenzvimbo, asi kubatanidza hunhu hwakasiyana munzvimbo yakakura yemagariro evanhu.
Hunhu hwakanaka mumutauro senzira yekubatsira vanhu
Tsika dzemuIndonesia dzinowanzoisa hunhu hwakanaka sechikosha chikuru. Hunhu hwakanaka uhwu hunoonekwa mukusarudza mazwi, matauriro, uye nzira yekutsoropodza. Vanhu vazhinji vanosarudza mutauro wakanaka kuti vasarwadzise mumwe wavo wekutaura. Izvi zvinoonekwa mukushandiswa kwemashoko akadai sekuti "ndapota," "ndapota," "ndiregerere," kana kuti "pamwe" kupfavisa mashoko. Kunyangwe pavanoramba, vatauri vanowanzo shandisa zvikonzero zvisinganyanyi kujeka kuchengetedza manzwiro nehukama hwevanhu.
Zvisinei, ruremekedzo runogonawo kukonzera matambudziko. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kutaura zvisina kunanga zvakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kusanzwisisana, kunyanya kana uchitaura netsika dzakananga. Nokudaro, kunzwisisa ruremekedzo kunoda kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu: chinangwa chekutaurirana, kuti munhu ari kutaura naani, uye tsika dziripo munharaunda.
Mutauro, simba, uye shanduko munharaunda
Mutauro hausi nguva dzose usina kwawakarerekera. Unogona kuva chishandiso chesimba, semuenzaniso, kana mumwe mutauro uchionekwa se "wakakwirira" kupfuura mumwe. Kare, mutauro weboka guru wagara uchiwanikwa zvakanyanya mudzidzo, midhiya, uye mukutonga, nepo mitauro yevashoma yave ichisaririra. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanotaura mitauro yevashoma vanogona kunzwa sevakaderera kana kumanikidzwa kusiya mutauro wavo waamai nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehupfumi nemagariro evanhu.
Kuchinja kwemagariro evanhu kunokanganisawo mutauro. Kuvandudzwa kwemitauro, kukura kwemaguta, uye budiriro yetekinoroji zvinounza mazwi matsva uye nzira dzakasiyana dzekutaurirana. Midhiya yemagariro evanhu inokurumidza kupararira kweslang, mapfupiso, uye kusanganiswa kwemakodhi pakati pemitauro yeIndonesia neyekunze. Chiitiko ichi chinoratidza kuti mutauro uri mupenyu uye unogara uchichinja-chinja. Dambudziko nderekuchengetedza chiyero: kugamuchira hunyanzvi pasina kurasikirwa nemidzi yetsika.
Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose nematambudziko etsika
Munguva yepasi rose, mazwi mazhinji anobva mumitauro yekune dzimwe nyika—kunyanya Chirungu—anopinda muhurukuro dzezuva nezuva. Izvi hazvisi zvakaipa hazvo; kukwereta chikamu chechisikigo chenhoroondo yemitauro. Zvisinei, kana kushandiswa kwemutauro wekune dzimwe nyika kukava chiratidzo chakanyanya chenzvimbo, tsika dzinogona kuchinja: mutauro wemuno unoonekwa sewekare, nepo mutauro wekune dzimwe nyika uchionekwa sewemazuva ano. Nekufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinogona kuderedza kudada nemutauro wako.
Tsika dzetsika dzinosanganawo nematambudziko kubva pakuchinja kwenzira dzekutaurirana. Tsika dzedhijitari dzinokurudzira kutaurirana nekukurumidza, kwakapfupika, uye dzimwe nguva kwakaoma. Mhinduro munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzepamhepo dzinowanzo furatira hunhu hwakanaka. Asi, tsika yekuremekedza, iyo yagara ichichengetwa kuburikidza nemutauro, inoda kuziva: kuremekedza vamwe, kudzivisa kutaura kweruvengo, uye kutora mutoro wemashoko ako.
Kuchengetedza mutauro sekuchengetedzwa kwetsika
Kuchengetedza mutauro zvinoreva kuchengetedza tsika. Kuchengetedza hakufanirwe kuve kwakarongeka, asi kunogona kutanga netsika dzemazuva ese: vabereki vachitaura mutauro wemuno nevana vavo, zvikoro zvinopa nzvimbo yezvinyorwa zvemuno, uye nharaunda dzinoita mabasa ekunyora nemuromo. Kunyora mitauro kwakakoshawo, kunyanya kumitauro yemuno ine vatauri vari kudzikira. Maduramazwi, zvinyorwa zvengano, uye tsvakiridzo yemitauro zvinobatsira kuchengetedza nhaka iyi.
Hunyanzvi nenhau zvinogona kuva zvishandiso zvinoshanda zvekuchengetedza mitauro iri mhenyu. Mimhanzi, mafirimu, mitambo yemitambo, uye zvirimo zvedhijitari mumitauro yemuno zvinogona kubatsira vechidiki kunzwa kuti mitauro yemuno inoramba yakakosha uye yakakodzera. Kana mitauro ikashandiswa mumamiriro ekugadzira, tsika dzinokurudzirwawo: kuremekedza tsika, nharaunda, uye hunhu hwemuno.
Penutup
Mutauro netsika hazviparadzanisike. Mutauro unotsanangura mafungiro, maitiro, uye kuongorora zvinhu munharaunda. Kuburikidza nemashoko, matauriro, nemitemo yekutaura, nharaunda inotumira tsika dzakadai sehunhu hwakanaka, kuremekedza vakuru, kubatana, uye kubatana. Pakati pekudyidzana kwenyika nekushanduka kwetekinoroji, mutauro unoramba uchichinja, asi midzi yawo yetsika inofanira kuchengetedzwa kudzivirira kurasikirwa. Nekunzwisisa mutauro, tinonzwisisa vanhu; nekuchengetedza mutauro, tinochengetedza tsika dzinoumba hunhu hwedu.
