Matambudziko eAnthropology yeMazuva Ano yeMitauro
Kudzidza nezvevanhu mumitauro ibazi resainzi rinodzidza mutauro senzira yemagariro evanhu netsika: mashandisiro anoita vanhu mutauro kuvaka zvinoreva, kutaurirana nezvekuzivikanwa, kuronga hukama hwemasimba, uye kuendesa ruzivo munharaunda. Kunyange hazvo kutarisa kwayo kwekutanga kwakatarisana zvakanyanya nekunyora zvinyorwa zvemutauro uye tsananguro dzemaumbirwo emitauro mukati metsika, kudzidza nezvevanhu mumitauro yemazuva ano kwafambira mberi zvakanyanya kupfuura izvozvo. Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, kudyidzana kwenyika, kutama, uye shanduko munharaunda yekutaurirana zvinoreva kuti mutauro hauchavepo chete mukukurukurirana kwevanhu munzvimbo dzemunharaunda, asiwo muma network edhijitari anodarika miganhu yenzvimbo. Apa ndipo panotanga kubuda matambudziko matsva: maitiro, tsika, zvematongerwo enyika, uye epistemological.
1. Kuchinja kwenzvimbo: kubva kumusha kuenda papuratifomu yedhijitari
Dambudziko guru riri pachena ndere "nzvimbo" yekutsvagisa iri kuchinja. Kare, tsika dzemitauro dzaiwanzofungidzirwa sedziri kuitika mumusha mumwe chete kana munharaunda ine miganhu yemagariro yakajeka. Iye zvino, tsika dzemitauro dzinoitika paWhatsApp, TikTok, Discord, X, kana pamitambo yemitambo, nevatori vechikamu vasingazivikanwe, vachichinja hunhu hwavo, uye vakapararira munyika dzakasiyana. Miganhu yenharaunda yave isina kujeka: munhu anogona kuva we "nharaunda dzekutaura" dzakawanda panguva imwe chete - mhuri, basa, fandom, nharaunda yechitendero - imwe neimwe ine tsika dzayo dzemitauro.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, nyanzvi dzemitauro dzinofanira kutsanangura patsva pfungwa dzakadai senharaunda, kutora chikamu, uye mamiriro ezvinhu. Chii chinonzi "mamiriro ezvinhu" kana hurukuro dzichiitika nenzira isingaenderane, dzakakamurwa nezviziviso, uye dzakaumbwa nemaalgorithms? Tingaongorora sei zvinoreva matauriro kana chirevo chimwe chete chichigona kuchinja hunhu hwacho kuburikidza nemasticker, maGIF, mamemes, kana mavhidhiyo eaudio? Nzvimbo yedhijitari haisi nzira itsva chete, asi nzvimbo yekudyidzana ine mitemo yayo.
2. Data rakawanda, asi zvarinoreva hazviverengeki otomatiki
Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakagadzira ruzivo rwakawanda rwemutauro. Hurukuro dzinogona kurekodhwa, kuchengetwa, kutsvakwa, uye kuongororwa nekukurumidza. Zvisinei, ruzivo urwu rwakawanda runounza dambudziko: ruzivo rwakawandisa runogona kuvharidzira mibvunzo yekutsvagisa uye zvinokwezva vaongorori kuti vatevere maitiro ehuwandu vasinganzwisise mamiriro enharaunda. Anthropology yemitauro yemazuva ano inodiwa kuti ienzanise mativi maviri: nzira dzakadzama dzetsika uye nzira dzekuverenga dzakakura.
Apa ndipo panotanga matambudziko enzira. Kuongorora kweCorpus kana kutevedzera misoro yenyaya kunogona kubatsira pakutsvaga mafambiro ezvinhu, asi zvinogona kukonzera kusaziva ruzivo rwekutaurirana: ndiani akataura naani, mumamiriro api ezvinhu, uye nechinangwa chei. Kusiyana neizvi, micro-ethnography ine ruzivo rwakawanda inogona kuonekwa se "diki kwazvo" kugadzirisa nyaya dzakawanda dzemagariro evanhu. Dambudziko nderekugadzira nzira yakasanganiswa: kuchengetedza hunyanzvi hwetsika uku uchishandisa zvishandiso zvedhijitari zvine mutoro.
3. Tsika dzekutsvaga munguva yekuongorora uye "tsoka dzedhijitari"
Mukutsvaga mitauro, tsika dzakanaka nguva dzose dzakakosha—kunyanya maererano nekubvumidzwa kwevatori vechikamu, kuvanzika, uye kukanganisa kuburitswa kwemashoko. Munguva yedhijitari, nyaya idzi dzinowedzerwa. Ruzivo rwakawanda rwemitauro runowanikwa "pachena" pa internet, asi chinzvimbo cheveruzhinji hazvirevi kuti hachina njodzi. Kududza zvinyorwa zvemumwe munhu kunogona kuratidza hunhu hwake, kutungamira mukushungurudzwa, kana kukonzera migumisiro isingatarisirwi yemutemo nemagariro evanhu.
Uyezve, mapuratifomu edhijitari anochengeta metadata: nguva, nzvimbo, network dzeushamwari, uye kunyange maitiro ekutaurirana. Kunyangwe kana rugwaro rusina kuzivikanwa, metadata inogona kubatsira kudzokorora. Nyanzvi dzemazuva ano dzemitauro dzinofanira kuomesa zvakanyanya mumitemo yavo yekubvisa data, kuchengetedza kwakachengeteka, uye kutaurirana neruzivo rwekubvumirana. Chimwe chinetso kusaenzana muhukama hwemasimba: vaongorori vanogona kunge vaine mukana wakakura wehunyanzvi uye wemasangano kupfuura nharaunda dziri kudzidzwa, saka "mvumo" inofanira kunzwisiswa senzira inoenderera mberi yekukurukurirana, kwete kungosaina kwepamutemo.
4. Kupera kwemutauro, kumutsidzirwa, uye zvematongerwo enyika zvekuzivikanwa
Kupera kwemitauro kuchiri nyaya huru. Mitauro mizhinji yevanhu vashoma iri panjodzi yekumanikidzwa kwehupfumi, dzidzo yemitauro imwe chete, kufambira mberi kwemaguta, uye rusarura rwemagariro evanhu. Dzidzo yemazuva ano yemitauro inodaidzwa kwete kungonyora pasi vasati vapera chete asiwo kuita mukuvandudza: kutsigira nharaunda mukugadzira zvinhu zvekudzidzisa, maduramazwi, zvinyorwa zveaudio-visual, kana mapurogiramu ekutumira mashoko pakati pezvizvarwa.
Asi kuvandudza mutauro hakusi kungori basa rehunyanzvi chete. Kwakazara nezvematongerwo enyika: ndiani ane kodzero yekusarudza mwero wekuperetera, mutauro upi wekusarudza, kana kuti mutauro "wakakodzera" wekudzidzisa muzvikoro? Kuedza kuvandudza mutauro kunogona kukonzera kusawirirana mukati, semuenzaniso, pakati pechizvarwa chechidiki chine hunyanzvi uye vakuru vetsika vanoda kuchengetedza kuchena kwemamwe marudzi. Dambudziko rekudzidza nezvemitauro nderekuita semubatsiri ane hanya, kwete "munhu anosarudza," uye kunzwisisa kuti mutauro unogara uchichinja—kuvandudza mutauro hazvirevi kuti mutauro hauchashandi.
5. Kutama, kutaura mitauro yakasiyana-siyana, uye kusiyanisa vanhu
Kufamba kwevanhu kunoita kuti mutauro wemitauro yakawanda uve chinhu chakajairika, kwete chinhu chisingawanzoitiki. Mumaguta makuru, vanhu vanochinja macode-switch uye vanochinja maitiro avo kuti vataure nezvehunhu hwavo: hunyanzvi, chitendero, dzinza, kirasi, kana kuti murume kana mukadzi. Masocial media anokurumidza kupararira kweslang, mapfupiso, uye mitauro yakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinopikisa maonero ekare ekuti mutauro ndeweboka rimwe chete, rakagadzikana.
Dzidziso yemazuva ano yemitauro inosangana nemubvunzo wekuti: unganzwisisa sei hunhu hwako kana munhu achigona kuratidza vanhu vakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana? Mutauro unova sei chishandiso chekubatanidza nekubvisa—semuenzaniso, kuburikidza nematauriro anoshorwa, kushandiswa kwemashoko mamwe anonzi "asina hunhu," kana kuti zita rekuti "hazvina hunhu" kune vanotaura mitauro yemunharaunda? Pano, mutauro unova nhandare yehondo inoenderera mberi.
6. Maitiro ekugadzirisa, AI, uye rusaruro rwemutauro
Dambudziko idzva uye riri kuramba richikura nderekubatanidzwa kwemutauro muhurongwa hwehungwaru hwekugadzira. Kushandura kwemuchina, kuziva kutaura, uye machatbot zvinoda ruzivo rwakawanda rwemutauro, asi ruzivo irworwo haruna kwarunorerekera. Mitauro mizhinji inowanzova nebhenefiti nekuda kweruzivo rwayo rwakawanda, nepo mitauro mishoma ichisara kumashure. Nekuda kweizvozvo, musiyano wedhijitari uri kuwedzera: mabasa eruzhinji, dzidzo, neruzivo rwunobva muhunyanzvi hwetekinoroji zviri nyore kuwanikwa nevanotaura mitauro mikuru.
Uyezve, AI inogona kusimbisa rusaruro munharaunda. Masisitimu ekugadzirisa zviri mukati anogona kukurumidza kuranga mimwe mitauro (semuenzaniso, mitauro yemumaguta) nekuti inoonekwa seinogumbura netsika dzemitauro dzinotonga. Anthropology yemitauro yemazuva ano inopikiswa kuti iongorore zvivakwa zvemitauro yedhijitari: ndiani anovaka mamodheru, ane data rinoshandiswa, uye ndiani anokuvadzwa. Basa revaongorori rinopfuura kuongorora mutauro kusvika pakutsigira kururamisira kwemitauro mune tekinoroji.
7. Kusawirirana kwemitauro, kupatsanurana, uye kusawirirana kwemashoko
Nzvimbo yeruzhinji yemazuva ano inozivikanwa nekupatsanurana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye ruzivo rwakawanda. Mutauro unova chombo: kugadzira, kunyora mazita, kutaura mashoko ekuvenga, uye kunyange kutaura kweruvengo. Ruzivo rwevanhu mumitauro runofanira kuongorora kuti mamwe mazwi anovaka sei "isu" tichienzanisa ne "ivo," kuti memes dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinoshanda sei sezviratidzo zvekuzivikanwa kweboka, uye kuti kutaura kunopararira sei kupfuura mamiriro aro ekutanga. Dambudziko nderekuchengetedza hunyanzvi hwekuongorora pasina kuva propaganda, uye kufunga nezvemhedzisiro yetsvagurudzo yeruzhinji - mamwe mabhuku anogona kusimbisa kusarura kana kuwedzera kusawirirana here?
8. Kuchengetedza kukosha: kubva pakudzidza kusvika pakushandira pamwe neveruzhinji
Dambudziko rekupedzisira nderekukosha kwevanhu munharaunda. Kudzidza nezvemitauro kwemazuva ano kunotarisirwa kupfuura kunyora kwedzidzo, asiwo kubatsira muhurongwa hwemitauro, dzidzo yemitauro yakawanda, ruzivo rwezvenhau, uye dhizaini yebasa revanhu vose. Izvi zvinoda hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana nevanhu vose: kunyora kwevanhu vemunharaunda, hurumende, vashandi vetekinoroji, vadzidzisi, neveruzhinji.
Kushandira pamwe kunodawo kuti pave nechinjo pamaonero emuongorori. Nharaunda dziri kutsvakurudzwa dziri kuramba dzichida kodzero pamusoro peruzivo rwavo nenyaya dzavo. Mapurojekiti mazhinji ari kuenda kutsvagurudzo yekubatsirana: nharaunda dziri kubatanidzwa mukuisa hurongwa, kududzira ruzivo, uye kugovana mabhenefiti etsvagurudzo. Izvi hazvisi zvetsika chete, asi zvinodiwa nesainzi—nekuti kunzwisisa zvinoreva mutauro kwakanyatsojeka kana kwakagadzirwa pamwe chete nevatauri vawo.
Penutup
Kudzidza nezvemitauro yemazuva ano kuri padanho guru: pakati petsika dzechinyakare nenyika yedhijitari, pakati pekunyora mitauro nezvematongerwo enyika, pakati pekuongorora kukurukurirana uye maumbirwo epasi rose senge maalgorithms uye capitalism yepuratifomu. Matambudziko aya anoda kuti vaongorori vave vanochinjika zvakanyanya mumaitiro avo, vanyatsoomerera mutsika dzavo, uye vave neushingi mukubata nenyaya dzeveruzhinji vasingarasikirwe nehunyanzvi hwavo hwekuongorora. Pakupedzisira, mutauro hausi kungova nzira yezviratidzo chete, asi tsika inorarama inogara ichiumbwa uye ichiumbwa nekuchinja kwemagariro evanhu. Kunzwisisa matambudziko kunoreva kunzwisisa vatauri vawo—nekuoma kwese, kusawirirana, uye hunyanzvi hunoenderana nawo.
