Kusiyana kweMitauro muNzanga
Mutauro ndiwo mudziyo mukuru wekutaurirana kwevanhu, kuendesa pfungwa, kuvaka hukama, uye kutaurirana nezvekuzivikanwa kwavo. Zvisinei, mutauro haumbofi wakafanana. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, tinosangana nemisiyano mumaitiro ekutaura pakati pevanhu, pakati pemapoka, uye kunyangwe mukati memutauri mumwe chete mumamiriro akasiyana. Chiitiko ichi chinonzi kusiyana kwemitauro. Kusiyana kwemitauro munharaunda kunoratidza kuti mutauro uri kuramba uchichinja, uchichinjika kumamiriro emagariro evanhu, tsika, uye nzvimbo, pamwe nezvinodiwa nevatauri vawo.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kusiyana kwemutauro kunogona kutsanangurwa semhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemutauro dzinosiyana, kubva paruzha, mazwi, chimiro chemitsara, kusvika pakusarudza matauriro. Kusiyana uku kunoitika nekuti vatauri vanobva kwakasiyana-siyana uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Kusiyana kwezera, dzidzo, basa, chinzvimbo munharaunda, murume kana mukadzi, nzvimbo, uye mamiriro ekutaurirana zvinokanganisa kusarudzwa kwemutauro. Naizvozvo, kusiyana kwemutauro chiitiko chechisikigo, kunyangwe hunhu hwakakosha hwekuvapo kwemutauro munharaunda.
Imwe yemhando dzinozivikanwa zviri nyore dzekusiyana kwemitauro ndeyekusiyana kwenzvimbo kana nzvimbo. Muzvidzidzo zvesociolinguistic, kusiyana uku kunowanzonzi dialect. Dialect imutauro unoshandiswa nevanhu vari munzvimbo yakati uye une hunhu hwakasiyana mumataurirwo, mazwi, kana girama. MuIndonesia, matauriro akasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, chiIndonesia chinotaurwa muJakarta chinowanzo kanganiswa nemashoko echiBetawi uye maitiro ekutaura akasununguka, nepo marudzi echiIndonesia mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeSumatra kana Kalimantan anogona kuva nematauriro akasiyana uye sarudzo yemazwi. Kunyangwe mukati memutauro mumwe chete wedunhu, senge Javanese, kune matauriro anobva kuSurabaya, Yogyakarta, Banyumasan, nedzimwe, imwe neimwe inoratidza hunhu hwakasimba hwenzvimbo.
Pamusoro pekusiyana kwenzvimbo, kunewo kusiyana kwemitauro kunobva pamapoka evanhu, anozivikanwa semasocolects. Sociolects misiyano inoshandiswa nemamwe mapoka evanhu vane chinzvimbo chakafanana munharaunda, dzidzo, kana tsika. Semuenzaniso, mutauro unoshandiswa nevadzidzi unowanzova wakarongeka uye wakazadzwa nemashoko esainzi, nepo mutauro wevechidiki uchishandisa slang yakawanda, mapfupiso, uye mazwi ekugadzira anogara achichinja. Sociolects inogonawo kuonekwa mukusiyana kwekusarudza mazwi pakati pemapoka ehunyanzvi. Minda yemishonga, mutemo, uye tekinoroji ine mazwi akasiyana angave asinganzwisiswi neveruzhinji, zvichigadzira "mutauro weboka" unosimbisa kuzivikanwa kwemabasa aya.
Kusiyana kwemitauro kwakabatanawo nemamiriro ezvinhu anoshandiswa, anowanzonzi rejista. Marejista anoitika nekuda kwekusiyana kwemamiriro ezvinhu uye zvinangwa zvekutaurirana. Munhu anogona kushandisa mutauro wakasiyana pakutaura neshamwari dzepedyo pane pakutaura muforamu yepamutemo kana kunyora mushumo. Semuenzaniso, chirevo chekuti "Ndinoda kutariswa kwako" chakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu epamutemo, nepo "Hei, teerera kutanga" chinowanzoonekwa muhurukuro dzisina kurongeka. Marejista anoonekwawo mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzakadai semutauro wenhau, mutauro wekushambadzira, mutauro wekutaura, uye kunyange mutauro wenhau dzemagariro evanhu. Rimwe nerimwe rine hunhu hwaro: mutauro wenhau dzemagariro evanhu unowanzova mupfupi uye unopa ruzivo, mutauro wekushambadzira unokurudzira uye unonakidza, nepo mutauro wenhau dzemagariro evanhu uchiwanzosimbisa kukurumidza, kutaura, uye kukurumidza.
Pamusoro pemitauro, magariro evanhu, uye marejista, kunewo misiyano yemitauro zvichienderana nedanho remutemo, rinowanzonzi mhando dzakajairwa nedzisiri dzemhando yepamusoro. Mhando dzakajairwa dzinoonekwa sedzepamutemo uye dzinoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu epamutemo, dzidzo, hutungamiriri, uye magwaro epamutemo. Mhando idzi dzinowanzo tevedzera mitemo yegirama nemapereti yagara iripo. Panguva imwecheteyo, mhando dzisiri dzemhando yepamusoro dzinochinjika, dzinowanzoonekwa muhurukuro dzezuva nezuva, uye hadziteveri mitemo yepamutemo nguva dzose. Mhando dzisiri dzemhando yepamusoro hadzisi "dzakashata" hadzisi "dzakashata," asi dzakakodzera zvinodiwa pakutaurirana zvinokoshesa kujairana nekukurumidza. Musiyano uyu wakakosha kunzwisiswa kuitira kuti vatauri vagone kuchinjika nemamiriro ezvinhu pasina kutonga maitiro emitauro evamwe.
Chiitiko chekusiyana kwemutauro chinogonawo kuonekwa kuburikidza nemanyorerwo emutauro. Manyorerwo emutauro ane chekuita nekuti mutauri anogadzira sei hurukuro zvichibva pahukama hwevanhu uye zvinangwa zvekutaurirana. Kana munhu achida kuva netsika, anogona kusarudza mazwi ane hunhu, kushandisa mazwi ane ruremekedzo, kana kugadzira mitsara isina kunanga. Kusiyana neizvi, mumamiriro ezvinhu epedyo, vatauri vanowanzo shandisa mitsara mipfupi, yakananga, dzimwe nguva ine kuseka. Mumamiriro ezvinhu emitauro yemuno, kusiyana kwemanyorerwo kune hurongwa hwakaoma. Semuenzaniso, muchiJavanese, kune mazinga ekutaura akadai sekoko, madya, uye krama, ayo anoshandiswa zvichienderana nehukama hwevanhu, zera, uye ruremekedzo.
Kubuda kwemusiyano wemitauro hakuparadzaniswiwo nepfungwa yemitauro miviri kana mitauro yakawanda, kureva mamiriro ezvinhu apo nharaunda inoshandisa mitauro inopfuura mumwe chete. MuIndonesia, vanhu vazhinji vanokura vachitaura mutauro wavo wedunhu semutauro wavo wekutanga, vozodzidza chiIndonesia, uye vanowanzodzidzawo mutauro wekune dzimwe nyika seChirungu. Mukuita, mamiriro ezvinhu aya anokonzera zviitiko zvekuchinja kodhi uye kusanganisa kodhi. Kuchinja kodhi kunoitika kana vatauri vachichinja kubva kune mumwe mutauro kuenda kune mumwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana kana nekuda kwekuchinja kwemutauri. Kusanganisa kodhi kunoitika kana zvinhu zvemumwe mutauro zvikaiswa mumutsara mumwe chete kana hurukuro. Semuenzaniso, mumwe munhu angati, "Ndichava nemusangano gare gare, zvakanaka here? Mushure meizvozvo, ngatidyei." Tsika iyi yakajairika uye kazhinji inzira yekutaurirana, kwete maitiro chete.
Kusiyana kwemitauro munharaunda kunobatsira mabasa akasiyana-siyana emagariro evanhu. Chekutanga, kusiyana kunogona kushanda sechiratidzo chekuzivikanwa. Matauriro emunharaunda anoratidza kwakabva mutauri, nepo mutauro wevechidiki uchiratidza kuva nhengo yeboka rakati. Chechipiri, kusiyana kunobatsira kuvaka hukama hwepedyo kana kuchengetedza daro revanhu. Kusarudzwa kwemitauro isina kurongeka kunogona kugadzira mamiriro eushamwari, nepo mutauro wepamutemo uchiratidza ruremekedzo kana hunyanzvi. Chechitatu, kusiyana kwemitauro kunoratidza simba nemukurumbira. Munharaunda dzakawanda, mamwe marudzi emitauro anowanzoonekwa se "akakwirira," nepo mamwe achionekwa seakaderera. Asi, mhando yega yega ine hurongwa hwayo nemitemo uye inoita basa rayo guru muhupenyu hwevatauri vayo.
Munguva yedhijitari, kusiyana kwemitauro kuri kuchinja nekukurumidza. Masocial media anokurumidza kupararira kwemashoko matsva, memes, mapfupiso, uye mamwe maitiro akasiyana ekutaura. Mashoko akadai sekuti "baper," "mager," "gas," kana "spill" mienzaniso yekuti mutauro unoshanduka sei kuburikidza nekugadzira pamwe chete. Uyezve, kutaurirana kwedhijitari kwakakonzera kusiyana kwakanyorwa kunotevedzera mutauro unotaurwa, senge kushandiswa kwemabhii marefu ("iyaa"), kudzokororwa kwemavara ekunyora ("!!!"), kana musanganiswa wemitauro. Chiitiko ichi chinoratidza kuti mutauro uri kugara uchichinja-chinja kuti uenderane netekinoroji uye mararamiro evanhu.
Kunyange zvazvo kusiyana kwemitauro kuri kwechisikigo, nzanga inofanira kukudziridza ruzivo rwakanaka rwemutauro. Ruzivo urwu haruna chinangwa chekuenzanisa mitauro yese, asi kuti rwunzwisise kuti rudzi rwakasiyana-siyana runoshandiswa rini uye kupi. Dzidzo yemutauro haifanirwe kungosimbisa mitemo yakajairwa chete asi inofanirawo kudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekusarudza mhando dzakakodzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Nenzira iyi, munhu anogona kutaura zvisina kurongwa asingakanganisi hunhu, uye kunyora zviri pamutemo asingakanganisi kujeka uye kururama.
Pakupedzisira, kusiyana kwemitauro munharaunda kunoratidza kusiyana kwevanhu pachavo. Kunoratidza kuvapo kwezviitiko zvakasiyana, tsika, uye maonero. Pane kuonekwa sechinhu chinonetsa, kusiyana kwemitauro kunofanira kunzwisiswa sehupfumi hunowedzera mikana yekutaurirana. Nekunzwisisa kusiyana kwemitauro, tinogona kuva vatauri vanochinjika, vane hanya nevamwe, uye vanokoshesa hunhu hwemagariro evanhu netsika dziri mumutauro wega wega wekutaura. Mitauro yakasiyana haisi chiratidzo chekupatsanurana, asi chiratidzo chekuti nzanga dziri kuramba dzichikura, dzichichinja, uye dzichipesvedzerana.
