Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso we microscope

Mienzaniso 8 yeMibvunzo yeMaikorosikopu

1. A maikorosikopu ine magirazi maviri akajeka. Lenzi yeConvex Iyo iri pedyo nechinhu kana chinhu inonzi lenzi yechinangwa uye lenzi ye convex iri pedyo neziso remuoni inonzi lenzi yemaziso. Kureba kwelenzi yechinangwa i2 cm uye kureba kwelenzi yemaziso i5 cm. Kureba kuri pakati pelenzi yechinangwa nelenzi yemaziso i30 cm. Kana ziso remuoni rakajairika uye riine nzvimbo shoma yekuisa, sarudza: (a) kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu, (b) kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi yechinangwa.
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kureba kwegirazi rekutarisa (f)_ob) = 2 cm
Kureba kwegirazi remaziso (f)_ok) = 5 cm
Kureba pakati pe lenzi inoonekwa ne lenzi ye eyepiece (l) = 30 cm
Pedyo nenzvimbo Mata zvakajairika (N) = 25 cm
Mhinduro:
(a) Kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu
Fomura yekukudza maikorosikopu yese:
M = m_ob M_ok
Tsananguro: M = kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu, m_ob = kukura kwe lenzi ine chinangwa, M_ok = kukura kwelenzi yeziso.
 
Kukura kwe lenzi yekutarisa kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro (m_ob):
Kureba kwemufananidzo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (s)_ob') :
s_ob' = l – f_ok = 30cm – 5cm = 25cm
Kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi yechinangwa (s)_ob):

Lenzi yekutarisa chinhu igirazi rakapinza saka kureba kwelenzi yacho kwakanaka. Mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi saka daro remufananidzo (s _ob ') rakanaka.

Kukura kwemutsara kwelenzi ine chinangwa:

Kukura kwelenzi yemaziso kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro (M)_ok):
M_ok = N / f_ok = 25 cm / 5 cm = kashanu

Kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu:
M = m_ob M_ok = (12,5)(5) = ka62,5

(b) Kureba kwechinhu kubva pagirazi rechinangwa (s)_ob)
Kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa kwakawanikwa mukuverenga kwakapfuura.
Kureba kwechinhu kubva pa lenzi yekutarisa chinhu i 2 cm.

2. Munhu ane maziso akajairwa anoshandisa maikorosikopu iri nyore kuona chinhu. Kureba kuri pakati pe lenzi yekutarisa ne lenzi yeziso i15 cm. Lenzi yekutarisa ine kukura kwemutsara ka5 uye lenzi yeziso ine kukura kwekona ka20. Kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro, sarudza: (a) kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu, (b) kureba kwe lenzi yeziso, (c) kureba kwe lenzi yekutarisa.
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kukura kwemutsara kwelenzi yechinangwa (m)_ob) = ka5
Kukura kwelenzi yeziso (M) kwekona_ok) = ka20
Pedyo nepaziso remazuva ose (N) = 25 cm
Kureba pakati pe lenzi chaiyo ne lenzi ye eyepiece = Kureba kwemaikorosikopu (l) = 15 cm
Mhinduro:
(a) Kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu (M)
Fomura yekukudza maikorosikopu yese:
M = m_ob M_ok
Kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu:
M = (5)(20) = ka100

(b) Kureba kwegirazi remaziso (f)_ok)
Fomura yekukudza kwelenzi yeziso (M) yekona_okmaikorosikopu kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro:
M_ok = N / f_ok
Chinja fomura iyi kuti uverenge urefu hwefocal relenzi yeziso (f)_ok):
f_ok = N / M_ok = 25 cm / 20 = 1,25 cm

(c) Kureba kwegirazi rekutarisa (f)_ob)
Fomura yekuwedzera kwe lenzi ine chinangwa (m)_ob) nzvimbo shoma yekuona yerudzi rwemaikorosikopu:

Chiratidzo chekusaratidza kuti mufananidzo wapindurwa chinobviswa mufomura iyi.
Kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (s)_ob') :
s_ob' = l – f_ok = 15cm – 1,25cm = 13,75cm
Kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi yechinangwa (s)_ob):

Kureba kwelenzi yekutarisa (f _ob ):

Kureba kwe lenzi yekutarisa chinhu (focal lens) i2,29 cm
Lenzi yekutarisa chinhu igirazi rakapinza saka kureba kwelenzi yacho kwakanaka. Mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi saka daro remufananidzo (s) ndiro_ob') yakaratidzwa kuti ine mhedzisiro yakanaka.

Kureba kwechinhu (s _ob = 2,75 cm) kwakakura zvishoma pane kureba kwefocal ye lens inoonekwa (f _ob = 2,29 cm). Izvi zvinoenderana nekuti chinhu chinoonekwa uchishandisa maikorosikopu chinofanira kuiswa pedyo nenzvimbo inoonekwa ye lens inoonekwa kuitira kuti lens inoonekwa ibudise mufananidzo chaiwo une kukura kwakanyanya.

3. Tarisa mufananidzo wenzira yemwaranzi yechiedza ichiumba mufananidzo uri pamaikorosikopu inotevera. Daro riri pakati pelenzi chaiyo nelenzi yemaziso yemaikorosikopu nderiri…

A. 20 cm
B. 24 cm
C. 25 cm
Kureba 27 cm
E. 29 cm

Kukurukurirana
maikorosikopu inoshandiswa kuona zvinhu zvidiki kana zvinhu zvisingagoni kuonekwa zvakajeka neziso. Maikorosikopu iri nyore ine magirazi maviri anoungana, anozivikanwawo semagirazi akajeka. Lenzi iri pedyo nechinhu ichi inonzi lenzi isina chinangwaLenzi iri pedyo neziso inonzi lenzi yemaziso kana lenzi yemazisoLenzi yekutarisa inoshanda kugadzira mufananidzo chaiwo. Mufananidzo chaiwo unoburitswa nelenzi yekutarisa unoonekwa sechinhu nelenzi yekutarisa. Lenzi yekutarisa inozokudza mufananidzo kuitira kuti uoneke zvakajeka neziso.

Zvinozivikanwa :
Kureba kwegirazi rekutarisa (f)_ob) = 1,8 cm (kutarisisa kwakanaka nekuti lenzi yacho inobatana/yakakomberedzwa)
Kureba kwegirazi remaziso (f)_ok) = 6 cm (kutarisisa kwakanaka nekuti lenzi yacho inobatana/yakakomberedzwa)
Kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi yechinangwa (s)_ob) = 2 cm (daro rechinhu chakanaka nekuti chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pechinhu)
Akabvunzwa : Kureba pakati pe lenzi chaiyo ne lenzi ye eyepiece kubva pamaikorosikopu (hurefu hwechubhu = l)
Jawab :

Kureba kwemufananidzo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (s)_ob') :
1 / s_ob + 1/s_ob' = 1/f_ob
1 / s_ob' = 1/f_ob – 1/s_ob
1 / s_ob' = 1/1,8- 1/2 = 10/18- 9/18 = 1/18
s_ob' = 18 cm
Mufananidzo unogadzirwa ne lenzi yekutarisa uri panzvimbo yekutanga ye lenzi yeziso, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro.

Kureba pakati pe lenzi chaiyo ne lenzi ye eyepiece (hurefu hwechubhu = l) :
l = s_ob' + f_ok = 18 cm + 6 cm = 24 cm
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

3. Tarisa dhayagiramu inotevera yekuumbwa kwemufananidzo pamaikorosikopu. Kureba kwechinhu kubva pagirazi rekutarisa i1,1 cm, kureba kwechinhu chekutarisa i1 cm, uye kureba kwechikamu cheziso i5 cm. Kukura kwemufananidzo uri pamaikorosikopu…

A. ka25
B. ka30
C. ka40
D. ka50
E. ka55

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi yechinangwa (s)_ob) = 1,1 cm (daro rechinhu chakanaka nekuti chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pechinhu)
Kureba kwegirazi rekutarisa (f)_ob) = 1 cm (kutarisisa kwakanaka nekuti lenzi yacho inobatana/yakakomberedzwa)
Kureba kwegirazi remaziso (f)_ok) = 5 cm (kutarisisa kwakanaka nekuti lenzi yacho inobatana/yakakomberedzwa)
Akabvunzwa : Kukwidziridza mufananidzo wemaikorosikopu (M)
Jawab :
Kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu ndiko kunobva mukukudza kwelenzi yekutarisa (m)._ob) uye kukura kwekona kwelenzi yeziso (M_ok).
 
Kukwidziridzwa kwelenzi ine chinangwa
Fomura yekuwedzera lenzi ine chinangwa (m)_ob) :
m_ob = h_ob'/h_ob =s_ob'/s_ob = (l – f_ok)/s_ob
Information :
h_ob' = kureba kwemufananidzo wakagadzirwa ne lenzi yekutarisa
h_ob = kureba kwechinhu
s_ob' = daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi chaiyo
s_ob = daro rechinhu kubva pane lenzi chaiyo
f_ok = kutarisa kwelenzi yeziso
l = kureba kwechubhu = daro riri pakati pemagirazi maviri = daro remufananidzo wakagadzirwa negirazi rekutarisa (s)_ob') + kureba kwegirazi remaziso (f)_ok)
Kureba kwemufananidzo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (s)_ob') :
Kutanga verenga daro remufananidzo kubva pane lenzi yekutarisa.
1 / s_ob + 1/s_ob' = 1/f_ob
1 / s_ob' = 1/f_ob – 1/s_ob
1 / s_ob' = 1/1- 1/1,1 = 11/11 – 10/11 = 1/11
s_ob' = 11 cm
Mufananidzo unogadzirwa ne lenzi yekutarisa uri panzvimbo yekutanga ye lenzi yeziso, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro.
Kukwidziridzwa kwelenzi ine chinangwa (m)_ob) :
m_ob =s_ob'/s_ob = 11 cm / 1,1 cm = 10
 
Kukwidziridza lenzi yemaziso
Kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro kana kuti ziso rakasununguka, apo mufananidzo unoumbwa nelenzi yemaziso uri kure zvisingaperi sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pedyo nelenzi yemaziso iri pamusoro (mitsara miviri yakatwasuka yakafanana) saka fomura yekuwedzera kwelenzi yemaziso (M)._ok) ndizvo:
M_ok = N / f_ok
Information :
N = pedyo nepaziso rakajairwa (25 cm)
f_ok = kureba kwegirazi reziso = 5 cm
Kukura kwelenzi yeziso (M) kwekona_ok) :
M_ok = N / f_ok = 25 cm / 5 cm = 5

Kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu
M = m_ob x M_ok = 10 x 5 = 50
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.

5. Tarisa dhayagiramu inotevera yekuumbwa kwemufananidzo uchishandisa maikorosikopu!

Kana chiedza chinobuda mugirazi remaziso chiri danda rakafanana, uye munhu ari kuona maziso aine maonero akajairika, saka kukura kwemaikorosikopu kuri …. (Sn = 25 cm)

A. ka10

B. ka18

C. ka22

D. ka30

E. ka50

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa kuti:

Kureba kwe lenzi yekutarisa (f _ob ) = 2 cm

Kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi chaiyo (s _ob ) = 2,2 cm

Nzvimbo yakajairika iri pedyo (N) = 25 cm

Kureba kwefocal yelenzi yeziso (kana _zvakanaka ) = 25 cm

Akabvunzwa: M

Mhinduro:

Kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira uri kure zvisingaperi, ziso richakwanisa kupindira zvishoma, asi kana mufananidzo uri kure zvisingaperi, ziso richakwanisa kupindira zvakanyanya. Mufananidzo wekupedzisira uri pamufananidzo uri pamusoro unoratidza mufananidzo uri kure zvisingaperi, saka ziso richakwanisa kupindira zvishoma.

Kutanga, verenga daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi inoonekwa (s _ob '). Lenzi inoonekwa i lenzi inoonekwa, saka daro remufananidzo rinoverengwa uchishandisa fomura ye lenzi inoonekwa. Hurefu hwe lenzi inoonekwa ndeyechokwadi nekuti nzvimbo inoonekwa ye lenzi inoonekwa ndipo panopfuura chiedza.

1/s _ob ' = 1/f _ob – 1/s _ob = 1/2 – 1/2,2 = 11/22 – 10/22 = 1/22

s _ob ' = 22/1 = 22 cm

Saka kukura kwemufananidzo we microscope ndekwekuti:

Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.

6. Tarisa mufananidzo wenzira yechiedza chiri kuumba mufananidzo pamaikorosikopu inotevera:

Daro riri pakati pe lenzi chaiyo ne lenzi ye eyepiece ye maikorosikopu…

A. 20 cm

B. 24 cm

C. 25 cm

Kureba 27 cm

E. 29 cm

Kukurukurirana

Maikorosikopu anoshandiswa kuona zvinhu zvidiki kana zvinhu zvisingagoni kuonekwa zvakajeka neziso. Maikorosikopu iri nyore ine magirazi maviri anoungana, anozivikanwawo semagirazi akajeka. Lenzi iri pedyo nechinhu ichi inonzi lenzi yekutarisa. Lenzi iri pedyo neziso inonzi lenzi yekuona kana kuti eyepiece . Lenzi yekutarisa inoshanda kugadzira mufananidzo chaiwo. Mufananidzo chaiwo unogadzirwa nelenzi yekutarisa unoonekwa sechinhu ne eyepiece. Yeziso inozokudza mufananidzo kuitira kuti ugone kuonekwa zvakajeka neziso.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti :

Kureba kwefocal lens (f _ob ) = 1,8 cm (kutarisisa kwakanaka nekuti lens iri convergent/convex)

Kureba kwelenzi yeziso (f _ok ) = 6 cm (kutarisisa kwakanaka nekuti lenzi yacho inobatana/yakakomberedzwa)

Kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi chaiyo (s _ob ) = 2 cm (kureba kwechinhu chakanaka nekuti chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pechinhu)

Mubvunzo : Kureba pakati pe lenzi yekutarisa ne lenzi yeziso kubva pamaikorosikopu (hurefu hwechubhu = d)

Mhinduro :

Kureba kwemufananidzo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (s)_ob') :

1/s _ob + 1/s _ob ' = 1/f _ob

1/s _ob ' = 1/f _ob – 1/s _ob

1/s _ob ' = 1/1,8 – 1/2 = 10/18 – 9/18 = 1/18

s _ob ' = 18 cm

Mufananidzo unogadzirwa ne lenzi yekutarisa uri panzvimbo yekutanga ye lenzi yeziso, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro.

Kureba pakati pe lenzi chaiyo ne lenzi yemaziso (hurefu hwechubhu = d) :

l = s _ob ' + f _ok = 18 cm + 6 cm = 24 cm

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

7. Tarisa dhayagiramu inotevera yekuumbwa kwemufananidzo pamaikorosikopu.

Kureba kwechinhu kubva pa lenzi yekutarisa chinhu i 1,1 cm, kureba kwechinhu chekutarisa chinhu i 1 cm uye kureba kwechinhu chekutarisa chinhu i 5 cm, saka kukura kwemufananidzo we microscope...

A. ka25

B. ka30

C. ka40

D. ka50

E. ka55

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa kuti :

Kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi chaiyo (s _ob ) = 1,1 cm (kureba kwechinhu chakanaka nekuti chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pechinhu)

Kureba kwefocal lens (f _ob ) = 1 cm (kutarisisa kwakanaka nekuti lens iri convergent/convex)

Kureba kwelenzi yeziso (f _ok ) = 5 cm (kutarisisa kwakanaka nekuti lenzi yacho inobatana/yakakomberedzwa)

Mubvunzo : Kukura kwemufananidzo wemaikorosikopu (M)

Mhinduro :

Kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu kunobva mukukwidziridzwa kwelenzi yekutarisa (m _ob ) uye kukura kwelenzi yeziso (M _ok ).

Kukwidziridzwa kwelenzi ine chinangwa

Fomura yekukudza lenzi ine chinangwa (m _ob ) :

m _ob = h _ob '/h _ob = s _ob '/s _ob = (l – f _ok )/s _ob

Information :

h _ob ' = kureba kwemufananidzo wakagadzirwa ne lenzi yekutarisa

h _ob = kureba kwechinhu

s _ob ' = daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi chaiyo

s _ob = daro rechinhu kubva pane lenzi yechinangwa

f _ok = kutarisa kwelenzi yeziso

l = kureba kwechubhu = daro riri pakati pemalenzi maviri = daro remufananidzo wakagadzirwa nelenzi ine chinangwa (s _ob ') + kureba kwelenzi ine ziso (f _ok )

Kureba kwemufananidzo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (s)_ob') :

Kutanga verenga daro remufananidzo kubva pane lenzi yekutarisa.

1/s _ob + 1/s _ob ' = 1/f _ob

1/s _ob ' = 1/f _ob – 1/s _ob

1/s _ob ' = 1/1 – 1/1,1 = 11/11 – 10/11 = 1/11

s _ob ' = 11 cm

Mufananidzo unogadzirwa ne lenzi yekutarisa uri panzvimbo yekutanga ye lenzi yeziso, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro.

Kukwidziridzwa kwelenzi ine chinangwa (m)_ob) :

m _ob = s _ob '/s _ob = 11cm / 1,1cm = 10

Kukwidziridza lenzi yemaziso

Kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro kana kuti ziso rakasununguka, apo mufananidzo unoumbwa nelenzi yemaziso uri kure zvisingaperi sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pedyo nelenzi yemaziso iri pamusoro (mitsara miviri yakatwasuka yakafanana) saka fomura yekuwedzera kwelenzi yemaziso (M _ok ) ndeiyi:

M _zvakanaka = N / f _zvakanaka

Information :

N = pedyo nepaziso rakajairwa (25 cm)

f _ok = kureba kwegirazi reziso = 5 cm

Kukura kwelenzi yeziso (M) kwekona_ok) :

M _zvakanaka = N / f _zvakanaka = 25 cm / 5 cm = 5

Kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu

M = m _ob x M _zvakanaka = 10 x 5 = 50

Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.

8. Tarisa mufananidzo wenzira yechiedza chiri kuumba mufananidzo pamaikorosikopu inotevera:

Daro riri pakati pe lenzi chaiyo ne lenzi ye eyepiece ye maikorosikopu ndiro….

A. 20 cm

B. 24 cm

C. 25 cm

Kureba 27 cm

E. 29 cm

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa kuti:

Kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi chaiyo (s _ob ) = 2 cm

Kureba kwe lenzi yekutarisa (f _ob ) = 1,8 cm

Kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo kubva pane lenzi yemaziso ( _zvakanaka ) = 6 cm

Kureba kwefocal yelenzi yeziso (kana _zvakanaka ) = 6 cm

Mubvunzo: Kureba pakati pe lenzi chaiyo ne lenzi yemaziso (kureba kwechubhu ye microscope)

Mhinduro:

Tarisa mufananidzo uri pamusoro apa. Kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro, mufananidzo wekupedzisira unogadzirwa nelenzi yemaziso unenge uri kure kusingaperi. Kuti mufananidzo wekupedzisira unogadzirwa nelenzi yemaziso uve kure kusingagumi, mufananidzo chaiwo unogadzirwa nelenzi yemaziso unofanirwa kunge uri panzvimbo yakatarisana nelenzi yemaziso. Saka, daro riri pakati pelenzi yemaziso nelenzi yemaziso (l) = daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi yemaziso (s _ob ') + kureba kwelenzi yemaziso (f _ok ).

Kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (s)_ob') :

1/s _ob + 1/s _ob ' = 1/f _ob

1/s _ob ' = 1/f _ob – 1/s _ob

1/s _ob ' = 1/1,8 – 1/2

1/s _ob ' = 10/18 – 9/18 = 1/18

s _ob ' = 18 cm

Kureba pakati pe lenzi chaiyo ne lenzi yemaziso (kureba kwechubhu ye microscope):

l = s _ob ' + f _zvakanaka

l = 18 cm + 6 cm

l = 24 cm

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

Kwakabva mubvunzo:

Mibvunzo yeNational Examination Physics yeChikoro Chesekondari/Chikoro Chepamusoro Chebasa

Kwakabva mubvunzo:

Mibvunzo yeNational Examination Physics yeChikoro Chesekondari/Chikoro Chepamusoro Chebasa