Fiziki ya Sukulu ya Sekondale

Zamagetsi Zolipiritsa

Chonde yang'anani chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zikukuzungulirani. Ngati muwononga chinthu, mwachitsanzo mwala, mwalawo udzagawanika m'zidutswa zingapo zazing'ono. Ngati mwalawo waphwanyidwanso, mwalawo udzasanduka zidutswa zazing'ono kwambiri. Nanga bwanji ngati zidutswa za miyalazo zaphwanyidwanso? ​​Inde, zidutswa za miyalazo zaphwanyidwa ndi kusanduka zidutswa zazing'ono kwambiri. Kodi miyala ingagawidwe m'zidutswa zazing'ono kwambiri mpaka itakhala yopanda malire? Zoona zake zikusonyeza kuti chinthu chilichonse chomwe chingagawidwe m'zidutswa zazing'ono chidzafika pamalo pomwe gawo laling'ono kwambiri la chinthucho silingagawidwe m'zidutswa zazing'ono. Gawo laling'ono kwambiri la chinthu chomwe sichingagawidwenso limatchedwa atomu. Chifukwa chake atomu ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la chinthu chilichonse m'chilengedwe chonse.

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Malamulo a Newton oyendetsera zinthu ali ndi atatu, omwe ndi lamulo loyamba la Newton, lamulo lachiwiri la Newton ndi lamulo lachitatu la Newton.

Lamulo Loyamba la Newton

Lamulo Loyamba la Newton limati chinthu chilichonse chomwe chili pampando chidzakhalabe pampando kapena chinthu chilichonse chomwe chikuyenda molunjika pa liwiro losasintha chidzapitiriza kuyenda molunjika pa liwiro losasintha ngati mphamvu yonse yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa chinthucho ndi zero.

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Mphamvu yokangana Kukangana ndi mphamvu yomwe imaletsa kuyenda kwa chinthu. Mphamvu imeneyi imagwira ntchito pakati pa malo olumikizana. Munkhaniyi, mphamvu yokangana yomwe yaphunziridwa ikukhudzana ndi mphamvu yomwe imagwira ntchito pakati pa malo awiri olimba omwe alumikizana, monga kukangana pakati pa maziko a chipika ndi pansi, kukangana pakati pa pansi pa nsapato ndi pansi, kapena kukangana pakati pa gudumu la galimoto ndi msewu.

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Mphamvu yolunjika
Momentum yolunjika kapena yofupikitsidwa nthawi zambiri ngati momentum imatanthauzidwa ngati zotsatira za kulemera ndi liwiro.
p = mv
Kufotokozera: p = mphamvu, m = kulemera (kilo), v = liwiro (mita/sekondi)
Momentum ndi kuchuluka kwa vector kotero kupatula kukhala ndi kukula, momentum ilinso ndi komwe ikupita. Kulunjika kwa momentum kuli kofanana ndi komwe ikupita liwiro la chinthu kapena komwe ikupita.

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Chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya kinetic yogwira ntchito Amanena kuti ntchito yonse kapena khama lochitidwa ndi mphamvu yonse pa chinthu ndi lofanana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kinetic ya chinthucho. Ngati mphamvu yonse ikugwira ntchito yabwino (mphamvu yonse ili mbali imodzi ndi kusamuka), ndiye kuti mphamvu ya kinetic ya chinthucho imawonjezeka. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati mphamvu yonse ikugwira ntchito yoipa (mphamvu yonse ili mbali inayo ndi kusamuka), ndiye kuti mphamvu ya kinetic ya chinthucho imachepa.

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Ngati muyika buku lomwe lili pamwamba pa tebulo mpaka buku litasuntha ndiye kuti mumachita zimenezo usa m'bukuli. Ngati chinthu chagwa pamwamba pa dziko lapansi chifukwa chakuti chakokedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka ya dziko lapansi, ndiye kuti mphamvu yokoka ya dziko lapansi imagwira ntchito pa chinthucho. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati mutakankhira chinthu ndi mphamvu zanu zonse mpaka mutanyowa ndi thukuta koma ngati chinthucho sichikuyenda ndiye kuti simunagwire ntchito iliyonse pa chinthucho. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, anthu ena amanena kuti mwachita khama kapena kugwira ntchito molimbika kukankhira chinthucho, koma malinga ndi sayansi ya sayansi, simugwira ntchito iliyonse pa chinthucho chifukwa chinthucho sichimasunthika.

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Mu moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, nthawi zambiri timakumana ndi zinthu zomwe zimayenda mozungulira mofanana. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha chinthu chomwe chikuyenda mozungulira mofanana ndi dzanja lachiwiri, la mphindi, ndi la ola pa wotchi ya analog. Dzanja lachiwiri nthawi zonse limazungulira madigiri 360.^o kwa masekondi 60 (mphindi imodzi) kapena kuphimba ngodya ya 6^o kwa sekondi imodzi. Chidzanja cha mphindi nthawi zonse chimayendera ngodya ya 360^o kwa mphindi 60 (ola limodzi) kapena kuphimba ngodya 6^o kwa mphindi imodzi. Chida cha ola nthawi zonse chimayenda ngodya ya 360^o kwa maola 24 (tsiku limodzi). Ngati chinthu chimayenda mozungulira nthawi zonse monga dzanja lachiwiri, dzanja la mphindi kapena dzanja la ola, ndiye kuti zinthuzo zimanenedwa kuti zikugwira ntchito. kuyenda kozungulira kofananaKodi mungatchule chitsanzo cha kuyenda kozungulira komwe mwakhala mukuona kapena kuganiza?

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Ngati mutambasula lamba kapena tayala kufika pamalo enaake, limatambasuka. Mukatulutsa mphamvu, lamba limabwerera kutalika kwake koyambirira. Mofananamo, mukatambasula kasupe, limatambasuka. Mukatulutsa mphamvu, kasupe amabwerera kutalika kwake koyambirira. Kasupe kapena lamba limatambasuka likatambasuka ndipo limabwerera kutalika kwake koyambirira mukatulutsa mphamvu chifukwa masupe kapena lamba ndi otanuka. Elastis kapena elastisitas ndi kuthekera kwa chinthu kubwerera ku mawonekedwe ake oyambirira pamene mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthucho yachotsedwa.

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Nkhani Yokhudza Malamulo Ofunika Kwambiri

Ziwerengero zofunika kwambiri ndi nambala yomwe imapezeka kudzera mu muyeso wokhala ndi ziwerengero zofunika zomwe zili zotsimikizika (werengani pa chida choyezera) ndi chiwerengero chimodzi chomaliza choyerekezeredwa.

Tiyerekeze kuti tiyesa kutalika kwa chinthu pogwiritsa ntchito rula (Malire olondola a rula ndi 1 mm kapena 0,1 cm) ndikupereka zotsatira zake m'ziwerengero zitatu zofunika, mwachitsanzo 4,55 cm. Ngati kutalika kwa chinthucho kwayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito vernier caliper (Malire olondola a vernier caliper ndi 0,1 mm kapena 0,01 cm) ndipo zotsatira zake zanenedwa m'ziwerengero zinayi zofunika, mwachitsanzo 4,485 cm ndipo ngati zayesedwa ndi micrometer screw gauge (Malire olondola a micrometer screw gauge ndi 0,01 mm kapena 0,001 cm) ndipo zotsatira zake zanenedwa m'ziwerengero zisanu zofunika, mwachitsanzo 3,4845 cm. Izi zikusonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha ziwerengero zofunika zomwe zanenedwa ngati zotsatira zoyezera chikuwonetsa kulondola kwa muyeso. Ziwerengero zofunika kwambiri zomwe zinganenedwe, ndiye kuti muyesowo ndi wolondola kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, kuyeza kutalika kwa chinthu ndi micrometer screw gauge ndikolondola kwambiri kuposa ndi vernier caliper ndi rula.

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Nkhani za Malamulo a Kepler

Kodi mukukumbukira nthawi yoyamba yomwe munakwera galimoto (osati pamene munali khanda)? Mukakhala mgalimoto yoyenda, munkaona ngati mitengo kapena nyumba zikuyenda. Panthawiyo, mwina munaganiza kuti mitengo kapena nyumba zikuyenda, pamene inu ndi galimotoyo munali chete. Zoona zake n'zakuti, inu ndi galimotoyo munali kuyenda, pamene mitengo kapena nyumbayo inali chete. Zochitika zokhudza kuyenda kooneka Timakumana ndi kuyenda kolakwika kumeneku tsiku lililonse. M'mawa uliwonse, dzuwa limatuluka kum'mawa, kenako limapita kumadzulo, ndipo limalowa kumadzulo madzulo. Momwemonso, usiku, nthawi zambiri mumawona mwezi ukuyenda kuchokera kum'mawa kupita kumadzulo. Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kapena kuganiza kuti dzuwa ndi mwezi zimazungulira Dziko Lapansi, pomwe Dziko Lapansi silili loyima?

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