Kukangana ndi mphamvu yomwe imaletsa kuyenda kwa chinthu. Mphamvu imeneyi imagwira ntchito pakati pa malo olumikizana. Munkhaniyi, kukangana komwe kwaphunziridwa kukukhudzana ndi mphamvu yomwe imagwira ntchito pakati pa malo awiri olimba omwe alumikizana, monga kukangana pakati pa maziko a chipika ndi pansi, kukangana pakati pa pansi pa nsapato ndi pansi, kapena kukangana pakati pa gudumu la galimoto ndi msewu.
Kukangana nthawi zonse kumagwira ntchito pamwamba pa zinthu zolimba zomwe zimakhudzana, ngakhale zinthuzo zitakhala zoterera kwambiri. Ngakhale pamwamba pa chinthu chosalala kwambiri ndi povuta kwambiri pa sikelo ya microscopic . Chinthu chikasuntha, ma microscopic bumps awa amasokoneza mayendedwe. Pa mulingo wa atomiki, kuphulika pamwamba kumapangitsa ma atomu kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi pamwamba pa china, kotero kuti mphamvu zamagetsi pakati pa ma atomu zimatha kupanga mgwirizano wa mankhwala, monga mgwirizano pakati pa malo awiri a chinthu choyenda. Chinthu chikasuntha, mwachitsanzo mukakankhira buku pamwamba pa tebulo, kuyenda kwa buku kumakumana ndi kukana ndipo pamapeto pake kumayima. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupangidwa ndi kumasulidwa kwa ma bond awa.
Pamene pamwamba pa chinthu chimodzi pakhuzana ndi pamwamba pa china, chinthu chilichonse chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka pa china. Kukoka pa chinthu choyenda nthawi zonse kumachita zinthu zosiyana ndi momwe chinthucho chikuyendera. Kupatula kuletsa kuyenda kwa chinthucho, kukoka kungayambitse kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka. Titha kuona izi mu injini zamagalimoto. Mwachitsanzo, tikamapaka mafuta injini ya njinga yamoto, timafuna kuchepetsa kukoka mkati mwa injini. Ngati sitipaka mafuta, injiniyo idzalephera msanga. Chitsanzo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kukoka.
Mitundu ya Mphamvu Yokangana
Pali mitundu iwiri ya kukangana: static (f s ) ndi kinetic (f k ). Kukangana kosasunthika kumagwira ntchito pamene chinthu chikuyendabe, pomwe kukangana kosasunthika kumagwira ntchito pamene chinthu chikuyenda. Ngati mutakankhira tebulo koma likusunthabe, mphamvu yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa tebulo losasunthika ndi static friction. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene tebulo likusuntha, mphamvu yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa tebulo ndi kinetic friction. Ngati tebulo losuntha silikukankhidwa mosalekeza, lidzaima pakapita kanthawi. Tebulo limaima chifukwa cha mphamvu ya kinetic yomwe imaletsa kuyenda kwake.
Kodi munayamba mwatsetsereka pa chinthu choterera? Mukatsetsereka, mphamvu yomwe imagwira ntchito pakati pa pansi pa nsapato yanu kapena sandali ndi malo otsetsereka ndi kinetic friction. Izi zikufanana ndi pamene njinga yamoto kapena galimoto ikuyenda pamsewu wonyowa komanso woterera imasweka mpaka mawilo atatsetsereka. Mawilo akatsetsereka, mphamvu yomwe imagwira ntchito pamwamba pa gudumu ndi msewu ndi kinetic friction. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mukayenda, mphamvu yomwe imagwira ntchito pakati pa pansi pa nsapato yanu kapena sandali ndi pansi ndi static friction. Mofananamo, pamene gudumu silikutsetsereka, mphamvu yomwe imagwira ntchito pamwamba pa gudumu ndi msewu ndi static friction.
