Lamulo la Hooke

Ngati mutambasula lamba wa rabara kapena tayala la rabara kufika pamalo enaake, lidzatambasuka. Mukatulutsa mphamvu, rabala idzabwerera kutalika kwake koyambirira. Mofananamo, mukatulutsa kasupe, idzatambasuka. Mukatulutsa, idzabwerera kutalika kwake koyambirira. Kasupe kapena rabala idzatambasuka ikatambasuka ndipo idzabwerera kutalika kwake koyambirira mphamvu ikatulutsidwa chifukwa ndi yotanuka. Kutanuka ndi kuthekera kwa chinthu kubwerera ku mawonekedwe ake oyambirira pamene mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa icho yachotsedwa.

Kodi munayamba mwatafuna chingamu? Ngati mukoka chingamu ndi manja onse awiri, chimakula nthawi yayitali. Mukatulutsa kukokako, mawonekedwe a chingamu amakhalabe omwewo, apo ayi kutalika kwa chingamu sikubwerera momwe chinalili poyamba. Zomwezo zimagwirira ntchito ndi pulasitiki, dongo, ndi zina zotero. Zinthu monga kutafuna chingamu, pulasitiki, ndi dongo zimatchedwa zinthu zapulasitiki. Zinthu zotanuka monga masika zimathanso kukhala pulasitiki ngati zitakokedwa ndi mphamvu yayikulu ndikupitirira malire ake otanuka.

Ngati kasupe wakokedwa kudzanja lamanja, udzatambasuka ndi kukwera kutalika (Chithunzi 1). Ngati mphamvu yokoka si yayikulu kwambiri, zimapezeka kuti kutalika kwa kasupe kumafanana ndi kukula kwa mphamvu yokoka (F). Mwanjira ina, mphamvu yokoka ikakhala yayikulu, kutalika kwa kasupe kumawonjezekanso. Chiŵerengero cha kukula kwa mphamvu yokoka (F) ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutalika kwa kasupe ndi mtengo wokhazikika.

Chiŵerengero pakati pa mphamvu (F) ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutalika kwa kasupe ndi chokhazikika, chomwe chikuwonetsedwa ndi kutsetsereka komweko kwa graph (chithunzi 2).

k ndi kasupe wosasintha kapena coefficient ya kusinthasintha kwa kasupe kapena muyeso wa kusinthasintha kwa kasupe. Ubale uwu unawonedwa koyamba ndi Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703) mu 1678, motero umadziwika kuti lamulo la Hooke.

Ngati kukula kwa mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa kasupe kupitirira malire otanuka a kasupe, ndiye kuti mphamvuyo ikachotsedwa, kutalika kwa kasupe sikubwerera kutalika kwake koyambirira. Lamulo la Hooke limagwira ntchito mpaka malire otanuka . Malire otanuka a kasupe ndi mphamvu yayikulu yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kasupe kasanasinthe mawonekedwe ake kwamuyaya ndipo kutalika kwa kasupe sikungabwerere kutalika kwake koyambirira. Ngati kukula kwa mphamvuyo kupitirira kuwonjezeka, kasupeyo adzawonongeka.

Chitsanzo cha mavuto

1. Mafunso a Mayeso a Dziko Lonse a 2018

Muvi umalumikizidwa ku chingwe cha uta, kenako umakokedwa kumbuyo ndi mphamvu ya 20 N kotero kuti chingwecho chimatambasula mtunda wa 20 cm. Kukangana kwa mpweya sikunyalanyazidwa, kulemera kwa muvi ndi magalamu 250, kotero liwiro la muvi ukawomberedwa kuchokera ku uta ndi…

Zokambirana

Ndizodziwika kuti:

Mphamvu (F) = 20 N

Kuwonjezeka kwa kutalika ( s) = 20 cm = 0,2 m

Kulemera kwa muvi (m) = 250 magalamu = 0,25 kg

Liwiro loyambirira (v _o ) = 0 m/s

Anafunsa: Liwiro la muvi ukawomberedwa kuchokera mu uta

Yankho:

Ntchito (W) = kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kinetic ( ΔEK)

W = F s = (20)(0,2) = 4

EK = 1/2 m (v_t² -v_o²) = 1/2 m (v_t²) = 1/2 (0,25)(v_t²) = 1/2 (0,25)(v_t²) = 0,125 v_t²

W = ΔEK

F s = 1/2 m (v _t ² )

4 = 0,125 v _t ²

4/0,125 = v _t ²

v _t ² = 32

v _t = √32

v _t = √(16)(2)

v _t = 4√2 m/s