Ko te tatauranga he peka o te pāngarau e pā ana ki te kohikohi, te tātari, te whakamārama, me te whakaaturanga raraunga. I te taumata kura tuarua, he wāhanga nui o te marautanga pāngarau te tatauranga nā te mea ka āwhina i ngā ākonga ki te mārama ki te whakamahinga o ngā raraunga i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te ao. Ko tētahi o ngā ariā matua e akohia ana i roto i ngā tatauranga ko te "ine o te tūnga." Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te ine o te tūnga me te hōhonu, ōna momo, me pēhea te tatau, me tōna hiranga i roto i te tātari raraunga.
Te Mārama ki te Rahi o te Tūnga
Ko te ine tūnga he ine tatauranga e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i te tūnga whanaunga o tētahi uara i roto i tētahi huinga raraunga. He mea nui tēnei ine hei mārama ki te tohatoha o ngā raraunga, hei whakatau hoki i te tūnga o ngā raraunga motuhake i roto i te tohatoha raraunga. Mā te ine tūnga, ka taea e tātou te tautuhi i te wāhi kei reira ngā uara motuhake, mēnā he teitei ake, he iti iho rānei i te toharite, me te tohatoha whānui o ngā raraunga.
Ko ngā inenga tohatoha e whakaakona ana i te kura tuarua ko ngā hauwhā, ngā tekau tau, me ngā ōrau. Ka wehea e ia o ēnei inenga ngā raraunga kia ōrite hei āwhina i te mārama ki te tūranga whanaunga o ngā raraunga i roto i te huinga raraunga.
Hauwhā
Ko ngā hauwhā he mehua tohatoha e wehewehe ana i ngā raraunga kua whakarōpūtia kia whā ngā wāhanga ōrite. E toru ngā hauwhā matua:
– Hauwhā tuatahi (Q1): Wehea te 25% iti rawa o ngā raraunga ki te 75% nui rawa. Ko te Q1 te uara kei raro iho nei te 25% o ngā raraunga.
– Te hauwhā tuarua (Q2) te tau waenga rānei: Ka wehea ngā raraunga kia rua ngā wāhanga ōrite. Ko te Q2 te uara waenga o ngā raraunga, arā, 50% o ngā raraunga kei raro iho, ā, 50% o ngā raraunga kei runga ake.
– Hauwhā tuatoru (Q3): Wehea te 75% iti rawa o ngā raraunga ki te 25% nui rawa. Ko te Q3 te uara kei raro iho nei te 75% o ngā raraunga.
Tauira o te tatau hauwhā:
Mehemea ko ēnei raraunga: 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 23, 27.
1. Whakarōpūtia ngā raraunga: 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 23, 27.
2. Whakatauhia te Q2 (tau waenga): raraunga 5 me te 6 (13 me te 14), nō reira ko te tau waenga = (13 + 14) / 2 = 13.5.
3. Whakatauhia te P1: ngā raraunga 2 me te 3 (7 me te 8), nō reira ko te P1 = (7 + 8) / 2 = 7.5.
4. Whakatauhia te P3: ngā raraunga 8 me te 9 (21 me te 23), nō reira ko te P3 = (21 + 23) / 2 = 22.
Tehiri
Ko ngā ira tekau he mehua o te tohatoha e wehewehe ana i ngā raraunga kua whakarōpūtia kia tekau ngā wāhanga ōrite. Hei tauira:
– Tekau tuatahi (D1): Wehea te 10% iti rawa o ngā raraunga ki te 90% nui rawa o ngā raraunga.
– Tekau mā rima (D5): Pērā i te tau waenga, ka wehea ngā raraunga kia rua ngā wāhanga ōrite (50%).
Tauira o te tatau i te tekau mā rua:
Mehemea ko ēnei raraunga: 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 23, 27.
1. Whakarōpūtia ngā raraunga: 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 23, 27.
2. Whakatauhia a D1: Ko ngā raraunga 1 me te 2 (5 me te 7), nō reira ko D1 = (5 + 7) / 2 = 6.
3. Whakatauhia te D5 (waenga): Ko ngā raraunga 5 me te 6 (13 me te 14), nō reira ko te waenga = (13 + 14) / 2 = 13.5.
4. Whakatauhia a D9: Ko ngā raraunga 9 me te 10 (23 me te 27), nō reira ko D9 = (23 + 27) / 2 = 25.
Ōrau
Ko te ōrau he mehua o te tohatoha e wehewehe ana i ngā raraunga kua whakarōpūtia kia kotahi rau ngā wāhanga ōrite. Ka whakamahia ngā ōrau hei tohu i te tūranga whanaunga o tētahi uara i roto i tētahi tohatoha raraunga. Hei tauira:
– 25 ōrau (P25): Pērā i te hauwhā tuatahi (Q1), mā te wehewehe i te 25% iti rawa o ngā raraunga ki te 75% nui rawa o ngā raraunga.
– 50 ōrau (P50): He rite tonu ki te waenga, ki te hauwhā tuarua rānei (Q2).
– 75 ōrau (P75): Pērā anō i te hauwhā tuatoru (Q3).
Tauira o te tataunga ōrau:
Mehemea ko ēnei raraunga: 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 23, 27.
1. Whakarōpūtia ngā raraunga: 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 23, 27.
2. Whakatauhia te P25: Ko ngā raraunga 2 me te 3 ko (7 me te 8), nō reira ko P25 = (7 + 8) / 2 = 7.5.
3. Whakatauhia te P50 (waenga): Ko ngā raraunga tuarima me tuaono ko (13 me te 14), nō reira ko te waenga = (13 + 14) / 2 = 13.5.
4. Whakatauhia te P75: Ko ngā raraunga 8 me te 9 ko (21 me te 23), nō reira ko P75 = (21 + 23) / 2 = 22.
Te Hiranga o te Rahi o te Tūnga
He mea nui ngā inenga tohatoha i roto i te tātari tatauranga nā te mea ka whakaratohia he mōhiohio mō te tūranga whanaunga o tētahi uara i roto i tētahi tohatoha raraunga. Mā te mārama ki ngā hauwhā, ngā tekau tau, me ngā ōrau, ka taea e tātou te whakatau mēnā he maha ngā uara teitei, iti rānei kei roto i ngā raraunga, me te āhua o te tohatoha o ngā raraunga. He tino whai hua tēnei i roto i ngā momo mara, pēnei i:
1. Ōhanga: Hei tātari i te tohatoha o te moni whiwhi, o te taonga rānei o te taupori.
2. Hinengaro: Kia mārama ai ki te tohatoha o ngā kaute whakamātautau, o ētahi atu inenga rānei.
3. Mātauranga: Hei aromatawai i ngā hua whakamātautau me te whakatau i ngā tūranga o ngā ākonga i roto i ā rātou rōpū.
4. Hauora: Hei aromatawai i te tohatoha o ngā raraunga hauora pēnei i te toto totoka, ngā taumata cholesterol rānei i roto i tētahi taupori.
Tono Rahi Tūnga
He whai hua anō hoki ngā inenga tūnga mō te whakatau i ngā whakataunga e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga. Hei tauira, i roto i te mātauranga, ka whakamahia ngā ōrau hei whakarōpū i ngā ākonga. E kiia ana he pai ake te mahi a te ākonga kei te ōrau 90 i te 90% o ētahi atu ākonga.
I roto i te ōhanga, ka taea te whakamahi i te tātaritanga tekau tau hei ine i te kore taurite o te whiwhinga moni. Hei tauira, mā te tautuhi i ngā tekau tau whiwhinga moni o ngā akomanga teitei me ngā akomanga iti, ka taea e tātou te mārama ki ngā rerekētanga ōhanga i roto i te hapori.
I roto i te hauora, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā ōrau hei aromatawai i te tipu o ngā tamariki. Hei tauira, ki te mea kei roto te tamaiti i te ōrau 75 mō te teitei, ko te tikanga he teitei ake te tamaiti i te 75% o ngā tamariki i tō rātou tau.
Whakamutunga
He ariā taketake ngā inenga o te tūnga i roto i ngā tatauranga, he mea nui kia mārama ngā ākonga kura tuarua. Mā ngā hauwhā, ngā tekau tau, me ngā ōrau ka taea e tātou te mārama ki te tūranga whanaunga o tētahi uara i roto i tētahi huinga raraunga, me te whiwhi māramatanga ki tōna tohatoha. Mā te mōhio ki ēnei ariā ka āwhina i ngā ākonga ki te tātari pai ake i ngā raraunga me te whakatau whai whakaaro.
Ko ngā tatauranga, me ōna momo inenga tūnga, ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa i ngā ākonga ki te mārama ki ngā raraunga i roto i te horopaki mātauranga engari ka whakarite hoki i a rātou mō te whakamahi i ngā raraunga i roto i te oranga o ia rā me ngā mahi ā muri ake nei. Mā te mārama pakari ki ngā inenga tūnga, ka taea e ngā ākonga te māia ake ki te aro atu ki ngā wero uaua haere o te tātari raraunga i tēnei ao mōhiohio.
