Hanganga Tautoko mō te Whakakorenga Para Pūmua
Ka pāngia ia rauropi ora e ngā tukanga pākia e whakaputa ana i te pūngao me ētahi atu matū nui e hiahiatia ana mō te oranga. Heoi, ka puta hoki i ēnei tukanga ngā para ka kino pea mēnā kāore e tangohia mai i te tinana. Ko te pūnaha e kawenga ana mō te tango i ēnei para pākia ko te pūnaha whakaputa uri. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ngā hanganga e tautoko ana i te whakakorenga o ngā para pākia, inā koa i roto i te tangata, me ētahi atu tikanga nui.
Te Pūnaha Whakaputa Para i roto i te Tangata
He pūnaha whakaputa paru matatini tō te tangata, kei roto ko ētahi okana nui: ko ngā whatukuhu, ko te kiri, ko ngā pukahukahu, me te ate. He mahi motuhake tā ia o ēnei okana i roto i te tukanga whakakore para.
1. Ngā whatukuhu
Ko ngā whatukuhu ngā okana matua o te pūnaha whakaputa uri o te tangata, e tātari ana i te toto hei tango i ngā hua para pākia me te wai me ngā electrolytes taikaha i roto i te mimi. Ko ngā hanganga whatukuhu e tautoko ana i tēnei tukanga ko:
– Nephron: Ko te wāhanga mahi iti rawa o te whatukuhu, e kawenga ana mō te tātari toto me te hanga mimi. Kei roto i ia whatukuhu tangata tata ki te kotahi miriona nephron.
– Glomerulus: He kohinga o ngā uaua toto kei te tīmatanga o te nephron e mahi ana hei wāhi tātari tuatahi. Koinei te wāhi e tātarihia ai te toto hei wehe i ngā para mai i ngā wāhanga toto e hiahiatia ana e te tinana.
– Ngā Ngongo Tākihi: Whai muri i te tātaritanga i roto i te glomerulus, ka uru te wai e kīia nei ko te filtrate glomerular ki roto i te ngongo tākihi. I konei, ka puta te mimiti anō me te tukunga, ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te hanganga o ngā matū ka tukuna, ka rongoatia rānei ki roto i te tinana.
2. Kiri
He wāhanga anō hoki te kiri o te pūnaha whakaputa paru, mā roto i ngā repe werawera, e whakaputa ana i te werawera. Kei roto i te werawera te wai, te tote, me te iti o te urea, he hua para o te pākia o te hauota. He mea nui te mahi whakaputa paru a te kiri hei āwhina i te whakahaere i te pāmahana o te tinana me te pupuri i te taurite o ngā electrolytes.
3. Ngā Pūkahukahu
Ko te mahi a ngā pukahukahu he pana i te hauhā waro, he para o te manawa pūtau. Mā te manawa, ka haria te hauhā waro mai i te toto ki ngā alveoli i roto i ngā pukahukahu, kātahi ka panaia mai i te tinana ina puta te manawa.
4. Ngākau
He mahi nui tā te ate i roto i te pākia o te ngako, te pūmua, me te warowaihā, tae atu ki te tango paitini i ngā matū paitini. I te wā e pākia ai te pūmua, ka hurihia e te ate te haukini paitini hei urea, ka tukuna atu mā roto i ngā whatukuhu.
Tikanga Whakakore Para Pūmua
Ka mahi tahi ngā okana whakaputa uri e whā kua whakahuatia ake nei ki te tango i ngā paitini, te tātari, me te tango i ngā para pākia o te tinana. Ko ngā tikanga matua e tautoko ana i ēnei mahi ko:
Tātari
Ko te tukanga matua o te tango i ngā para pākia i roto i ngā whatukuhu ka tīmata mā te tātari toto i roto i te glomerulus, te wāhi e haere ai te plasma toto, te wai me ngā ngota iti mā roto i te kiriuhi tātari ki te kāpūru Bowman, ko ngā pūtau toto me ngā ngota nui pērā i ngā pūmua ka noho tonu i roto i te toto.
Te mimiti anō me te huna
I roto i ngā ngongo whatukuhu, neke atu i te 99% o ngā matū kua tātarihia ka whakahokia ki roto i te toto mā te mimiti anō, tae atu ki te hukahuka, te konutai, me te wai. Ko ngā matū anake kāore e hiahiatia ana e te tinana, pērā i ngā katote taikaha me te urea, ka puritia, ka tukuna ki roto i te mimi.
Te horapa
I roto i ngā pukahukahu, ka puta te whakawhiti hau i waenga i te hāora me te hauhā waro mā te horapa. Ka horapa te hauhā waro mai i te toto ki roto i ngā alveoli hei whakaputanga atu, i te wā e manawahia ana te hāora ka horapa atu ki roto i te toto.
Te Hiranga o ngā Hanganga Tautoko i roto i te Para
He mahi nui tā ia wāhanga o te pūnaha whakaputa paru, ā, e tautoko ana tētahi i tētahi kia mau tonu ai te taurite o te tinana.
– Te Whakaritenga o te Homeostasis: Mā roto i tēnei huinga uaua o ngā tukanga, ka taea e te tinana te pupuri i ngā āhuatanga o roto kia pumau, te aro atu ki ngā rerekētanga e puta mai ana i te taiao o waho, me te whakarerekē i te whakaputanga me te whakakorenga o ngā matū ina hiahiatia.
– Te Whakahaere i te Rahi me te Hanga o te Wai o te Tinana: Hei tauira, he mahi tā ngā whatukuhu ki te whakahaere i te rahinga toto me ngā wai o te tinana, tae atu ki te kukū o ngā momo irahiko kei roto i aua mea.
– Te Whakahaere Para Pūmua: Ki te kore tēnei hanganga tautoko, ka taea e ngā matū kino me ngā paitini te kohikohi i roto i te tinana, ka pā kino ki ngā pūtau me ngā pūnaha katoa.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga nui te whakakorenga o ngā para pākia kia ora ai ngā mea ora katoa, me te mahi tahi a ngā whekau pēnei i ngā whatukuhu, te kiri, ngā pukahukahu, me te ate. Kua hangaia ngā hanganga tautoko i roto i ia o ēnei pūnaha whakaputa para kia pai ai te tango i ngā para, kia mau tonu ai te noho tahi me te hauora whānui. Ki te kore ēnei pūnaha kua whakaritea, kāore e taea e te tinana te pupuri i tōna taurite o roto, ka pā kino ki te hauora me te mahi noa o te mea ora. Ko ia āhuatanga o ēnei pūnaha e whakaatu ana i te uaua me te ataahua o ngā tikanga koiora e tautoko ana i te ora.
