Ngā Mea Whakamere mō ngā Vikings
He maha ngā wā e honoa ai ngā Viking ki ngā whakaahua o ngā tāngata pakari o te Raki o Ūropi, he pahau matotoru, he potae haona. E mōhiotia ana rātou he hunga tere moana i whakaeke me te raupatu whenua i te Wā Viking (tērā pea i waenganui i te 793–1066 CE). Heoi, he tohu noa iho tēnei momo āhua o te ahurea me te hītori whai rawa o ngā Viking. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka ruku hohonu atu tātou ki te hunga tūturu o ngā Viking me ētahi atu kōrero whakamere, kāore i te tino mōhiotia.
1. Kāore ngā Viking i mau potae haona
Ko tētahi o ngā pūrākau rongonui mō ngā Viking ko tā rātou mau potae haona, engari kāore tēnei i te pono. Kāore he taunakitanga whaipara tangata e kī ana i mau potae haona ngā Viking i te pakanga. He nui ake te kitea o ngā potae kōpiko kāore he haona i ngā wāhi Viking. Ko ngā potae haona he mea hanga i muri mai pea, i whakamahia i roto i ngā whakaari me ngā opera o te rautau 19 hei whakaatu i ngā Viking i roto i te whakaari nui ake.
2. He Kaimahi Pāmu, he Kaihokohoko hoki ngā Vikings, ehara i te mea he Kaipahua noa iho
I mōhiotia ngā Vikings he kaipahua me he kaihōpara moana, engari he kaiahuwhenua, he tohunga mahi toi, he kaihokohoko hoki rātou. Ko te nuinga o ngā hapori Viking i noho ki ngā pāmu me ngā whenua ahuwhenua. I whakatipu witi, parei, me ngā huawhenua, ā, i whāngai kararehe pērā i te kau, te hipi, me te poaka. Nā tēnei pūnaha ahuwhenua pakari, he nui ngā hua a ngā Vikings ka taea e rātou te hokohoko me ētahi atu hapori, tae noa ki tawhiti o Byzantium me te ao Arapi.
3. Te Awe o ngā Viking ki te reo Ingarihi
He nui te awe o te reo Pākehā o ēnei rā i te reo Norse Tawhito e kōrerohia ana e ngā Vikings. He maha ngā kupu Pākehā o ia rā, pērā i te "rangi," te "matapihi," me te "maripi," i ahu mai i te reo Norse Tawhito. I tua atu, he maha ngā ariā me ngā hanganga reo i tangohia mai i ngā Vikings, e whakaatu ana i te awe kaha o te ahurea Viking ki te whanaketanga o te reo Pākehā.
4. I tūhuratia, ā, i nohoia hoki e ngā Vikings ki ngā rohe maha
I roto i tō rātou hītori toa, i tūhuratia, i nohoia hoki e ngā Viking ngā whenua tawhiti. Mai i Scandinavia, i rere rātou ki Iceland, Greenland, tae noa ki ngā whenua o Amerika. Ko Leif Erikson, he kaihōpara Viking, e mōhiotia ana ko ia te Pākehā tuatahi ki te tae ki te whenua o Amerika Te Raki, tata ki te 500 tau i mua i a Christopher Columbus. I whakatūria anō hoki e rātou he koroni ki Airana, ki Ingarangi, me Normandy, ki Parani.
5. He Pūnaha Ture Māmā, he Manapori hoki ā ngā Viking
Ahakoa tō rātou ingoa mō te tutu me te pakanga, he pūnaha ture me te manapori māmā noa iho tā ngā Vikings i huaina ko te "Thing" ko te "Althing" rānei. He huihuinga ture te Thing i huihui ai ngā mema ki te matapaki i ngā take pāpori me te whakamana i ngā ture. Ko te Althing o Iceland e kiia ana ko te pāremata tawhito rawa atu o te ao, mai i te tau 930 AD, ā, kei te whakahaerehia tonutia i ēnei rā.
6. Te Tūranga o ngā Wahine Viking i roto i te Hapori
He nui ake ngā tika o ngā wāhine Viking i ngā wāhine o ētahi atu hapori i taua wā anō. I taea e rātou te pupuri whenua, te whakarere, me te mahi ahuwhenua me te hokohoko. E whakaatu ana hoki ngā tuhinga i uru atu ētahi wāhine Viking ki ngā mahi tūhura me ngā pakanga, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā "kaikōtiro whakangungu rakau." Ahakoa he tautohetohe mō te whānui o tēnei mahi, kua kitea e ngā whaipara tangata o ēnei rā ngā urupā o ngā wāhine i tanumia me ngā patu me ngā taonga pakanga.
7. Ngā Pūrākau me ngā Karakia o te Viking
He nui ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā pūrākau i whakamahia e ngā Vikings. I karakia rātou ki ngā atua pērā i a Odin, Thor, Freyja, me Loki. He maha ngā kaupapa o te toa, te mōrearea, me te pakanga i waenganui i ngā ope o te pai me te kino i roto i ēnei pūrākau. Ko tētahi o ngā ariā rongonui o tā rātou whakapono ko Valhalla, he wāhi e whakanuia ai ngā toa i mate toa i te papa pakanga e ngā atua.
8. Hangarau Moana Matatau
E mōhiotia ana ngā Viking he hunga tere moana mohio, e āhei ana ki te whakatere i ngā moana whānui i runga i ngā poti e kiia nei ko ngā kaipuke roa. He tino tohunga te hoahoa o ngā kaipuke roa o Viking; he roa, he whaiti, he mama hoki, ā, ka taea e rātou te whakatere tere i ngā moana pāpaku me ngā awa. Nā tēnei hangarau moana matatau i hoatu he painga nui ki ngā Viking i roto i te tūhuratanga me te whakaekenga i tawhiti atu i ō rātou whenua tupu.
9. Ngā Toi me ngā Mahi Ā-ringa a Viking
I mōhiotia ngā Vikings he tohunga mahi toi. I hangaia e rātou ngā taonga tino taipitopito mai i te whakarewa, te rakau, te kakahu, me te wheua. He tino taonga ngā whakapaipai Viking, pērā i ngā poroporo, ngā mowhiti, me ngā poroporo, ā, he maha ngā wā i whakapaipaihia ai ki ngā tohu Norse motuhake. He maha hoki ngā wā i whakapaipaihia ai ō rātou kaipuke ki ngā whakairo uaua, e whakaatu ana ko te ataahua me te whakahīhī ahurea he mea nui ki ō rātou oranga.
10. Te mutunga o te Wā o Viking
I tīmata te memeha haere o te Wā Viking i te rautau 11 i te putanga mai o ngā ope taua tōrangapū me ngā ope taua kua whakaritea ake i Ūropi, me te awe o te Karaitianatanga, i puta ai ngā huringa nui ki roto i ō rātou ahurea me te āhua noho. I kaha haere te whakauru atu o ngā Viking ki roto i te hapori Ūropi, ā, i te mutunga, ka memeha haere tō rātou tuakiri hei iwi moana.
I te mōhio ki ēnei kōrero whakamīharo, ka mārama ko ngā Vikings he hapori uaua, he maha ngā āhuatanga. Ehara i te mea he kaipahua me he kaihōpara noa iho rātou; he kaiahuwhenua, he kaihokohoko, he tohunga mahi toi, he mema hoki nō te hapori whai pūnaha ture me ngā tikanga whai rawa. Nā tō rātou aroha whenua, tō rātou maia, me tō rātou auahatanga kua waiho he tohu hohonu ki te hītori o te tangata, he taonga tuku iho e maumaharatia ana, e akohia ana i ēnei rā.
